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Optimizing the proportion of stimulation area in a grid stimulus for user-friendly SSVEP-based BCIs

JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING 2025年第1期22卷 2025 Jan 14页

作者： Gu, Meng Pei, Weihua Gao, Xiaorong Wang, Yijun Chinese Acad Sci Inst Semicond Key Lab Solid State Optoelect Informat Technol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol Beijing Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Future Technol Beijing Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Dept Biomed Engn Beijing Peoples R China Chinese Inst Brain Res Beijing Peoples R China

Objective. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) rely on the photic driving response to encode electroencephalogram (EEG) signals stably and efficiently. However, the user experience of the traditional stimulation with high-contrast flickers urgently needs to be improved. In this study, we introduce a novel paradigm of grid stimulation with weak flickering perception, distinguished by a markedly lower proportion of stimulation area in the overall pattern. Approach. In an offline single-target experiment, we investigated the unique characteristics of SSVEPs evoked by varying proportions in grid stimuli within low and medium frequency bands. Based on the analysis of simulation performance across a four-class brain-computer interface (BCI) task and the evaluation of user experience questionnaires, a subset of paradigms that balance performance and comfort were selected for implementation in four-target online BCI systems. Main results. Our results demonstrate that even ultra-low stimulation proportion paradigms can still evoke strong responses within specific frequency bands, effectively enhancing user experience with low and middle frequency stimuli. Notably, proportions of 0.94% and 2.10% within the 3-5 Hz range provide an optimal balance between performance and user experience. For frequencies extending up to 15 Hz, a 2.10% proportion remains ideal. At 20 Hz, slightly higher proportions of 3.75% and 8.43% maintain these benefits. Significance. These findings are crucial for advancing the development of effective and user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI systems.

关键词： Brain-computer interface (BCI) steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) grid stimulus stimulation area proportion user experience

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Mapping of powdery mildew resistance genes transferred to common wheat from wild emmer wheat revealed three functional Pm60 haplotypes

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 540-548页

作者： Wenxin Wei Nannan Liu Shengnan Zhang Jing Zhang Wei Pan Xiaoming Xie Zuhuan Yang Junna Sun Jun Ma Zhaorong Hu Weilong Guo Qiaoling Luo Jingzhong Xie Fei He Yinghui Li Chaojie Xie Qixin Sun Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization(MOE)/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Advanced Agricultural Science Peking UniversityWeifang 261200ShandongChina Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Institute of Evolution University of HaifaMt.CarmelHaifa 3498838Israel

Powdery mildew(PM),caused by Blumeria graminis ***(Bgt),is one of the destructive wheat diseases *** emmer wheat(Triticum turgidum ***,WEW),a tetraploid progenitor of common wheat,is a valuable genetic resource for wheat disease resistance breeding *** developed three hexaploid pre-breeding lines with PM resistance genes derived from three WEW *** resistant pre-breeding lines were crossed with susceptible common wheat *** in the F2populations were 3 resistant:1 susceptible,suggesting a single dominant allele in each resistant *** of the resistance gene in each line indicated a single locus on the long arm of chromosome 7A,at the approximate location of previously cloned Pm60 from *** sequencing revealed three different Pm60 haplotypes(Hap 3,Hap 5,and Hap 6).Co-segregating diagnostic markers were developed for identification and selection of each *** resistance function of each haplotype was verified by the virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Common wheat lines carrying each of these Pm60 haplotypes were resistant to most Bgt isolates and differences in the response arrays suggested allelic variation in response.

关键词： Alleles Blumeria graminus Marker-assisted selection Molecular marker Triticum dicoccoides

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Analysis of the association between mixed exposure to multiple metals and comorbidity of osteopenia or osteoporosis: baseline data from the Chinese Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC)

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BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 2025年第1期25卷 1-20页

作者： Zhang, Yuxin Chen, Cheng Wu, Shenyan Nie, Chan Hu, Yuxin Zhong, Jianqin Hong, Feng Guizhou Med Univ Sch Publ Hlth Key Lab Environm Pollut Monitoring & Dis Control Minist Educ Guiyang 561113 Peoples R China

Both osteoporosis and metal exposure are well-recognized public health concerns globally, particularly in the aging population. However, studies investigating the relationship between metal exposure and bone health conditions such as osteopenia and osteoporosis have either produced inconsistent results or are scarce, especially among the ethnic minorities in china. Herein, we correlated single-metal and metal mixture exposure with osteopenia and osteoporosis using a log-binomial regression model and quantile g-computation. In total, 9,206 ethnic Chinese individuals (Dong and Miao) aged 30-79 years were investigated in this study utilizing the baseline data from the Chinese multi-ethnic cohort study. In the single-metal exposure model, urinary concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron(Fe), mercury(Hg), and manganese (Mn) were positively associated with of osteopenia, whereas those of cobalt(Co) and zinc(Zn) concentrations were negatively associated. Additionally, urinary As, Cd, Cr, and Mn concentrations were positively associated with osteoporosis, whereas that of vanadium(V) was negatively associated. Furthermore, Quantile g-computation results indicated that metal mixture exposure was positively associated with both osteopenia and osteoporosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that simultaneous exposure to multiple metals can affect bone health, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on underlying complex mechanisms.

关键词： Osteoporosis Osteopenia Co-exposure Quantile g-comptation

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Single-Crystalline Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators Fabricated With AlN Film Grown by a Combination of PLD and MOCVD Methods

IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS

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IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS 2024年第4期45卷 538-541页

作者： Ouyang, Peidong Yi, Xinyan Li, Guoqiang South China Univ Technol State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China Guangzhou FLCT Commun Technol Co Ltd Guangzhou 510700 Peoples R China

Among the various methods that have been utilized to enhance the efficiency of Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) filters, the AlN piezoelectric layer quality improvement demonstrates robust functionality and operability. A combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) methods of growing III-nitride films, the MEMS wafer process based on which was then constructed to prepare the Single-crystalline AlN Bulk Acoustic Resonators (SABAR). The as-grown film has a reduced full-width at half-maximums for AlN (0002) X-ray rocking curves of 0.21(degrees), a lower average RMS of 0.140nm, and a higher effective coupling coefficient of 6.25%, indicating a 4097 Q-factor of SABAR resonator that precedes BAWs by an incredibly 182.5% with PVD sputtered AlN.

关键词： Aluminum nitride III-V semiconductor materials Resonators MOCVD Resonator filters Substrates Silicon AlN bulk acoustic wave (BAW) metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) pulsed laser deposition (PLD) single-crystalline ALN bulk acoustic resonators (SABAR)

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A new method to calculate the in-situ compositions of gas condensate reservoirs

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ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 2025年第1期47卷 1118-1130页

作者： Yang, Yang Wang, Haitao Lun, Zengmin Hu, Wei Sinopec Petr Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The well fluid composition of a gas condensate reservoir varies significantly during depletion. Therefore, the samples taken from the well stream may not be representative of the in-situ fluid compositions of gas condensate reservoirs. Other than putting the field development plan into risk based on PVT analysis of the unrepresentative samples, it is essential to reconstruct the initial fluid composition. A new method is proposed in this study to determine the in-situ compositions of gas condensate reservoirs. Multi-objective genetic algorithm and compositional numerical simulations are applied to calculate the initial composition by fitting two objectives: (1) the absolute deviation of the compositions between simulation results and the sample taken at any stage of depletion;(2) the history matching results between compositional simulations and well production performance. A case study of a near-critical gas condensate reservoir with two sampling results is also performed to validate the new method in this paper. The results show that the total absolute deviations of sampling compositions are 6.93-10.03 mol% and the relative deviation of cumulative production is 2.71%.

关键词： Gas condensate reservoir in-situ composition genetic algorithm numerical simulation

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Source tracing analysis of the exceedance of NH3-N and CODMn in shallow groundwater in the central typical area of the Yangtze river delta

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Li, Xiangmei Li, Kexin Li, Shuqin Li, Zehai Wan, Lili Guo, Wei Sinosteel Maanshan Gen Inst Min Res Co Ltd Maanshan 243071 Peoples R China Huawei Natl Engn Res Genter High Efficient Gycl Us Maanshan 243071 Peoples R China State Key Lab Safety & Hlth Met Mines Maanshan 243071 Peoples R China China Univ Geosci Beijing Res Ctr Environm Sci & Engn Sch Water Resources & Environm 29 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China First Inst Hydrol & Engn Geol Prospecting Anhui Ge Bengbu 233000 Peoples R China Sinosteel Grp Safety & Environm Engn Technol Inst Maanshan 243071 Anhui Peoples R China

With the accelerated urbanization process in the Yangtze River Delta region, shallow groundwater has received increasing attention. In this work, the exceedances of the ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) in shallow groundwater in the central typical area of the Yangtze River Delta were investigated. With the utilization of the national monitoring well (QY10A) as a focal point, a combination of methods, including onsite sampling, hydrogeological surveys, leaching tests, water quality analysis, and isotope tracing, was employed to comprehensively examine groundwater pollution. The study addressed the history of groundwater exploitation, changes in surface water quality, and the influence of stratigraphic structure on groundwater contamination. It has been observed that the NH3-N levels in the silty chalky clay layer and the lower grayish black chalky clay layer in the study area are notably elevated, with concentrations reaching up to 87.5 mg/kg and 97.4 mg/kg in some boreholes. The NH3-N concentration in the silty clay with silty sand can reach as high as 87.2 mg/kg, whereas the concentration is lower in the underlying layers. In the other strata, NH3-N values remain low. The results indicated that the NH3-N and CODMn in the QY10A monitoring well resulted primarily from the inherently high organic nitrogen content in the local geological environment rather than from anthropogenic sources such as industrial parks, domestic sewage, or agricultural activities. This finding highlights the critical role of geological conditions in influencing groundwater quality, emphasizing the necessity of considering these natural factors in pollution prevention and management strategies. Our research provides valuable insights for environmental management in similar geological settings and demonstrates the importance of scientifically rigorous methods for advancing environmental research and policy-making.

关键词： Ammonia nitrogen Chemical oxygen demand Groundwater Isotope analysis Yangtze River Delta

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A Microsecond Energy-Efficient LoRa Time Synchronization Based on Low-Layer Timestamping and Asymmetric Time Translation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY 2024年第5期73卷 7328-7332页

作者： Huan, Xintao Chen, Wen Wang, Tianli Hu, Han Beijing Inst Technol Sch Cyberspace Sci & Technol Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Sci Human Habitat Beijing 100190 Peoples R China City Univ HongKong Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Beijing Inst Technol Sch Informat & Elect Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

High-precision time synchronization is chased by thriving Long Range (LoRa) research due to its significance for accurate monitoring, detection, and network collaboration. Only a few LoRa time synchronization methods could achieve microsecond-level accuracy, however, at the expense of extensive synchronization message exchanges. In this article, we propose a microsecond time synchronization for the LoRa network based on low-layer timestamping and asymmetric time translation. Note that, the proposed time synchronization does not induce synchronization message transmissions at the LoRa end nodes, therefore, achieves high energy efficiency. Experimental results on a real LoRa testbed demonstrate that the proposed method achieves microsecond-level synchronization accuracy with significantly fewer synchronization message transmissions compared to the state-of-the-art.

关键词： Synchronization Logic gates Delays Clocks Symbols Minimization Estimation Time synchronization one-way message exchange energy efficiency

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Fully Distributed Risk-based Robust Reserve Scheduling for Bulk Hybrid AC-DC Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 634-644页

作者： Zhe Chen Shufeng Dong Chuangxin Guo Yi Ding Hangyin Mao the college of Electrical Engineering in Zhejiang University HangzhouZhejiang 310027China Zhejiang Power Grid Co. LTD.HangzhouZhejiang 310027China

To enhance the cost-effectiveness of bulk hybrid AC-DC power systems and promote wind consumption,this paper proposes a two-stage risk-based robust reserve scheduling(RRRS)*** from traditional robust optimization,the proposed model applies an adjustable uncertainty set rather than a fixed ***,the operational risk is optimized together with the dispatch schedules,with a reasonable admissible region of wind power obtained *** addition,both the operational base point and adjustment capacity of tielines are optimized in the RRRS model,which enables reserve sharing among the connected areas to handle the significant wind *** on the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM),a fully distributed framework is presented to solve the RRRS model in a distributed way.A dynamic penalty factor adjustment strategy(DPA)is also developed and applied to enhance its convergence *** only limited information needs to be exchanged during the solution process,the communication burden is reduced and regional information is *** studies on the 2-area 12-bus system and 3-area 354-bus system illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and approach.

关键词： Dynamic penalty factor adjustment strategy fully distributed framework hybrid AC-DC systems reserve scheduling risk robust optimization

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Safety of and chorioretinal circulation during repeated low-level red-light therapy for myopic children

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CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY 2025年第2期53卷 119-132页

作者： Jiang, Zhaoxin Chen, Shuyu Wang, Renchun Ma, Jin Sun Yat Sen Univ Prov Clin Res Ctr Ocular Dis Guangdong Prov Key Lab Ophthalmol & Visual Sci State Key Lab OphthalmolZhongshan Ophthalm Ctr Guangzhou Peoples R China

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in children, and the dynamic evolution of choroidal and retinal blood flow. MethodsThis is a single-centre, randomised, single-blind, parallel-group clinical trial. Seventy myopic children were randomly assigned to either the intervention group [receiving RLRL therapy plus single-vision spectacle (SVS)] or the control group (wearing SVS). Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations following their first irradiation, 9 months continuous RLRL therapy and stop of treatment. Quantitative analyses of choroidal and retinal microcirculation were analysed via optical coherence tomography angiography. ResultsOver 9 months of treatment, while the RLRL treatment demonstrated significantly less increases in refractive error and axial length compared with the SVS treatment (ps < 0.05), no abnormalities in fundus structure or visual function (mfERG, VEP and microperimetry) were detected (ps > 0.05). A single red-light exposure did not exert a significant influence on choroidal thickness (ps > 0.05). Upon continuous treatment, the RLRL group achieved peak values in these circulations at 9 months (ps < 0.05). Following cessation of exposure, all circulations exhibited a declining trend, reaching similar levels in both groups (ps > 0.05). As the frequency of red-light exposures intensified, there was a consistent surge in these circulations (ps < 0.05). ConclusionsNine months of continuous RLRL exposure does not cause toxic side effects on retinal or optic nerve functions, and there is a time-dependent cumulative response in choroidal and retinal circulation.

关键词： choroidal circulation myopia control repeated low-level red-light retinal circulation

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Trihelix Gene Family in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Under Salt and Drought Stress

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JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE 2025年第2期211卷

作者： Zhang, Wenjing Cheng, Yan Jian, Lingmin Wang, Hongda Li, Haoxin Shen, Zihao Ying, Wenyu Yin, Zhengong Zhang, Qi Du, Jidao Heilongjiang Bayi Agr Reclamat Univ Agr Coll Daqing Heilongjiang Peoples R China Natl Cereals Technol Engn Res Ctr Daqing Heilongjiang Peoples R China Heilongjiang Acad Agr Sci Crop Resources Inst Harbin Heilongjiang Peoples R China Jilin Acad Agr Sci Inst Econ Plant Res Changchun Jilin Peoples R China Heilongjiang Key Lab Saline Alkaline Land Utilizat Daqing Heilongjiang Peoples R China

Triple-helix transcription factors (GT factors) play a pivotal role in plant abiotic stress responses and growth and development. Named for their specific binding affinity to GT factors, they are clustered into five subgroups: GT-1, GT-2, GT-gamma, SIP1 and SH4. In Phaseolus vulgaris, 43 GT family members have been identified through reference genome analysis. PvGT members exhibit uneven genomic distribution, and members within the same subgroup share similar gene structures and motifs. Cis-acting element analysis indicates the involvement of PvGTs in hormonal signalling and abiotic stress regulation. Collinearity analysis revealed four pairs of homologous PvGTs. To investigate their expression patterns, nine PvGTs with high expression levels were selected for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Among these, PvGT02, PvGT28, PvGT30 and PvGT34 were significantly upregulated under salt and drought stress. Functional characterisation demonstrated that PvGT02 significantly enhanced yeast tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These findings collectively contribute to our understanding of the PvGT family evolution in common bean, providing a foundation for further exploration. Additionally, PvGT02 emerges as a potential candidate gene for breeding salt and drought tolerance.

关键词： common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) drought stress PvGT02 salt stress trihelix family (GT) yeast expression

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