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Electrostatic vehicle exhaust particle sensor for the evaluation of the diesel particulate filter (dPF)

INSTrUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2025年第1期53卷 80-95页

作者： Sun, Qiang Wang, Huanqin Liu, Jinxin Zhou, Jitong Huang, Gehang Yu, Fajun Gui, Huaqiao Chinese Acad Sci Inst Intelligent Machines Hefei Inst Phys Sci State Key Lab Transducer Technol Hefei Peoples R China USTC Grad Sch Sci Isl Branch Hefei Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Anhui Inst Opt & Fine Mech Key Lab Environm Opt & Technol Hefei Peoples R China

A real-time electrostatic particle sensor has been developed to measure the concentration of soot in diesel exhaust. Based on the Venturi effect, the self-priming sampling probe of the sensor was designed to generate a pressure difference to drive particles into the detection region of the electrostatic trap. A detection module was developed for real-time measurement of the nanoamp current generated by charged soot within the probe. The microcurrent was amplified by the signal processing system of the sensor. To guarantee the precision of particles, it was essential to test the performance. The sensor was able to measure currents from -100 nA to -30 nA with a relative error of -0.01%. In addition, experiments comparing the sensor with a commercial instrument have shown that they correlate well. Furthermore, the standard deviation of the sensor was 0.001049 during a 36 h long-term test, which is lower than a commercial instrument with better stability. The sensor was investigated to demonstrate the detection of diesel particulate filter (dPF) failure. The results showed that the consistency between the sensor and the regulatory measurement equipment was good. The data ratios of the sensors installed at the front and rear of the dPF differed by many fold, which indicated that the sensor was able to determine the status of the exhaust system.

关键词： diesel exhaust particles diesel particulate filter (dPF) failure particulate matter (PM) sensor

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Investigation on the recovery of rare Earth Fluorides from Spent rare Earth Molten Electrolytic Slag by Vacuum distillation

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MATErIALS 2025年第7期18卷

作者： Yang, Ziyan Xiao, Faxin Sun, Shuchen Tu, Ganfeng Zhou, Zhentao Chen, Jingyi Hong, Xin He, Wei Sui, Chengfu Yu, Kuopei Northeastern Univ Sch Met Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Key Lab Recycling Nonferrous Met Resources Shenyan Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Qingdao Qingli Environm Protect Equipment Co Ltd Qingdao 266300 Peoples R China

Spent rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag (rEMES) needs to be recovered not only because of its economic value of rare earth elements (rEEs), lithium, and fluorine, but also for the environmental benefits. Vacuum distillation has many advantages, such as a short process and less wastewater. Aiming to find an environmentally friendly method to recover rEEs, this research studied the challenges in recovering rEMES by vacuum distillation and the solutions to handle these obstacles. distillation experiments for the raw material were initially implemented and Xrd, XPS, dSC, and SEM methods were used to investigate the phase changes of rEMES, thus discovering that oxide impurities could transform rEF3 into rEOF, which significantly affected the rEEs recovery. Only 42.04% of the rEEs could be evaporated at 1573 K and 0.1 Pa for 4 h with 99.99% of LiF. To tackle this issue, a fluorination pretreatment was proposed. NH4HF2 was utilized to transform oxide impurities, rE2O3, and rEOF to fluorides with almost no waste gas released, significantly improving the recovery efficiency of the rEEs, which was 86.23%. Therefore, this paper proposes this fluorination-vacuum distillation method, which has a short process to recover rEF3 from rEMES efficiently with almost no wastewater or gas released.

关键词： rare earth molten electrolytic slag rare earth fluorides vacuum distillation recycling

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Exploration of suitable utilization paths for different parts of corn straw based on principal component analysis

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BIOMASS CONVErSION ANd BIOrEFINErY 2025年第4期15卷 6013-6026页

作者： Fu, Guohao Huo, Lili Zhao, Lixin Li, Qichen Jia, Jixiu Xie, Teng Zhao, Yanan Yao, Zonglu CAAS Inst Environm & Sustainable Dev Agr Beijing 100081 Peoples R China Minist Agr & Rural Affairs Key Lab Low Carbon Green Agr North China Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

As a widely produced renewable, low-cost biomass resource, corn straw's physicochemical properties and utilization potential have been extensively studied in order to utilize it with high value and efficiency. However, the impact of the differences in physicochemical properties between different parts of corn straw on its utilization potential has been ignored before. In this study, the composition, chemical properties, and morphology of different parts of corn straw (root, stem, leaf, bract, and corncob) were characterized, and 18 key components were used as evaluation indexes to construct a comprehensive evaluation index system for straw combustion utilization, anaerobic digestion utilization, feed utilization, and fertilizer utilization. Furthermore, the weight of each index was determined using principal component analysis, and the comprehensive evaluation scores of different parts of corn straw were calculated. The results showed that the roots were more suitable for anaerobic digestion and fertilizer utilization, the stems and corncobs were more suitable for combustion utilization, the bracts were more suitable for anaerobic digestion, and the leaves were more suitable for fertilizer utilization and feed utilization. Finally, the feasibility and future development direction of segmented utilization of corn straw were discussed, providing useful information for scientific and efficient utilization of straw resources.

关键词： Corn straw Segmented utilization Index system Principal component analysis

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Optimization of mixed cargo allocation and stowage with heterogeneous vehicles

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PrOCEEdINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEErS-TrANSPOrT 2025年第3期178卷 206-216页

作者： Zheng, Yi Qin, Lu Peng, Zixuan Beijing Jiaotong Univ Sch Traff & Transportat Beijing Peoples R China

In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and high loading costs in business logistics and distribution operations, this paper classifies non-standard cargoes based on their spatial and temporal characteristics. Based on this, a dual-layer planning model for multi-vehicle cargoes loading and transportation is constructed to jointly optimize the loading process. This paper designs a space-inspired heuristic algorithm to solve the model and verifies the feasibility of the model. The results show that compared to a single vehicle type, the joint optimization of multi-vehicle combinations for loading and transportation has stronger adaptability and can better accommodate changes in cargo volume. Compared to the single vehicle type, not only did the loading rate increase by 18%, but also effectively reduced the transportation cost by 3%. different proportions of spatial and temporal characteristic cargoes have different effects on the loading and transportation. Adjusting the proportion of cargoes that can be placed on both upper and lower layers to 50% can better utilize transportation resources such as vehicles. Increasing the proportion of urgent cargoes can improve the economic efficiency of loading and transportation.

关键词： Logistics Cargo Allocation and Stowage Spatial division Multi- vehicles Transport management Economics & finance

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Measuring wood density of different tree species using the micro-drilling resistance method

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EUrOPEAN JOUrNAL OF WOOd ANd WOOd PrOdUCTS 2025年第1期83卷 1-11页

作者： Yao, Jianfeng Liu, Hengyuan Lu, Jun Xinyang Normal Univ Coll Comp & Informat Technol Xinyang 464000 Peoples R China Henan Dabieshan Natl Field Observat & Res Stn Fore Zhengzhou 450046 Peoples R China Xinyang Acad Ecol Res Xinyang 464000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Forestry Inst Forest Resource Informat Tech Beijing 100091 Peoples R China

In order to reduce modeling workload and improve the accuracy of wood density measurement, a modeling method for establishing an overall model for multiple tree species was studied. Firstly, the wood cores and drill resistance of 9 tree species were collected. The absolute dry density, wood moisture content, and average drill resistance for each wood core were calculated. Secondly, the random forest algorithm was used to rank the relative importance of each factor affecting wood density, and factors with relative importance higher than 0.05 were selected as independent variables for building the overall mathematical model for total tree species and sub model for individual tree species. The results showed that: (1) the relative importance of tree species and drill resistance on wood density was higher than 0.05;(2) the relative importance of moisture content and drill usage frequency (less than 150 times) on wood density was lower than 0.05;(3) the average estimation accuracy of overall model was 91.42%, while that of the sub model was only 90.44%;(4) among the 9 tree species, the standard deviation of the overall model for 5 tree species was lower than that of the sub model. The results showed that the accuracy and stability of the overall model were superior to those of the sub models, and it is feasible to establish an overall model to estimate wood density.

关键词： Bulk density

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A Bioinspired Paddle-Wheeled Leg Amphibious robot With Environment-Adaptive Autonomously

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IEEE-ASME TrANSACTIONS ON MECHATrONICS 2025年第1期30卷 15-26页

作者： Zhang, He Zhu, Yue Yang, Jiahui Yang, Chen Zhao, Jie Harbin Inst Technol Sch Mechatron Engn Harbin 150001 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ ZJU Hangzhou Global Sci & Technol Innovat Ctr Hangzhou 311215 Peoples R China

Enhancing the high-speed dynamic performance and adaptive capabilities of amphibious robots in complex and amphibious environments is of utmost importance. A bioinspired paddle-wheeled leg amphibious robot that is environment-adaptive autonomously has been proposed and developed to tackle such a challenge. The designed robot features a composite paddle-wheeled leg structure and a switching mechanism. This design significantly improves the robot's adaptability to diverse and challenging terrains while showcasing exceptional water propulsion performance. Meanwhile, an autonomous switching of water and land modes based on torque feedback is proposed to achieve autonomous identification of land and water. Finally, we introduce a Hopf oscillator-based central pattern generator control strategy to assist the robot in transitioning to a hexapod gait effectively and smoothly after steering. Experiments are conducted to assess the robot's locomotive capabilities on various terrains. These tests have also evaluated the robot's capability to switch autonomously between land and water modes. The findings confirm the design's exceptional performance and validate its innovative features.

关键词： Legged locomotion robots Switches Amphibious robots Biomimetics Water Propulsion Amphibious robot central pattern generator (CPG) paddle-wheel leg switching device

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Mapping to cells: a map-independent approach for traffic congestion detection and evolution pattern recognition

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TrANSPOrTATION PLANNING ANd TECHNOLOGY 2025年第2期48卷 443-465页

作者： Song, Chenghua Wang, Yin Wang, Lintao Wang, Jianwei Fu, Xin Changan Univ Coll Transportat Engn Xian Peoples R China Changan Univ Coll Econ & Management Xian Peoples R China Changan Univ Minist Educ Xian Peoples R China Changan Univ Key Lab Integrated Transportat Big Data & Intellig Xian Peoples R China Changan Univ Coll Transportat Engn Xian 710064 Peoples R China Changan Univ Engn Res Ctr Highway Infrastructure Digitalizat Minist Educ Xian 710064 Peoples R China Changan Univ Key Lab Integrated Transportat Big Data & Intellig Xian 710064 Peoples R China

Map matching is a fundamental prerequisite for traffic engineers in detecting congestion using location data represented by trajectory data. Previous studies often revolve around road matching, yet limitations arise from trajectory data quality and map-matching accuracy. This paper introduces a map-independent congestion identification method, involving urban cell network construction, congestion modeling with speed fluctuations, and the exploration of congestion evolution patterns. Finally, we validated our proposed method using Floating Taxi data (FTd) from Xi'an, china. The result indicates that the method proposed in this study can identify urban traffic congestion and uncover its evolutionary characteristics without relying on maps. In contrast to other metrics, the customized congestion value considers the impact of speed fluctuations on congestion. The method proposed in this paper offers a benchmark solution for characterizing urban traffic congestion and formulating travel guidelines.

关键词： Map independent traffic congestion detection congestion evolution patterns

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Nitrogen cycling and functional gene diversity of drinking reservoir area in agricultural districts: Implications for nitrogen transformation processes

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ECOLOGICAL INdICATOrS 2025年 173卷

作者： Li, Mengze Wang, Wenwen Yuan, Shengwu Wang, Kun Wang, Shuhang Li, Wei Jiang, Xia Zhang, Wenqiang Shan, Baoqing North China Elect Power Univ Coll Environm Sci & Engn MOE Key Lab Resources & Environm Syst Optimizat Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Chinese Res Inst Environm Sci Natl Engn Lab Lake Pollut Control & Ecol Restorat State Environm Protect Key Lab Lake Pollut Control Beijing 100012 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Res Ctr Ecoenvironm Sci State Key Lab Environm Aquat Chem Beijing 100085 Peoples R China

Nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems, especially in shallow lakes and reservoirs, has intensified in recent years due to human activities like agricultural fertilization and wastewater discharge. However, the microbial mechanisms driving nitrogen cycling are not well understood. This study examines nitrogen migration, transformation, and the microbial mechanisms driving nitrogen cycling in the QuanMin reservoir, which is heavily influenced by agricultural activities and land runoff. The reservoir serves as a model for understanding nitrogen pollution, and its effects on water quality. The results indicate that total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in the overlying water ranged from 0.43 to 2.22 mg/L, with nitrate nitrogen accounting for an average of 52 % of the total. Nitrogen cycling was mainly driven by key genes involved in assimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and denitrification, with notable differences in gene abundance between river and reservoir waters. denitrification genes were dominant in the sediments, and reservoir sediments showed a higher potential for nitrogen fixation than river sediments. Additionally, nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in riverine waters, while TN and total carbon levels in sediments were notably lower in the reservoir compared to the river. These environmental parameters were closely associated with the abundance of nitrogen functional genes in water and sediment. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of microbial nitrogen cycling in anthropogenically impacted reservoirs. Nonetheless, the complexity and variability of nitrogen cycling in these reservoirs highlight the need for further targeted research to enhance understanding and improve management practices.

关键词： Agricultural reservoir Nitrogen cycling Functional genes Eutrophication Sediment Nitrogen transformation

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Spatiotemporal patterns of non-seismic fatal landslides in china from 2010 to 2022

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LANdSLIdES 2025年第1期22卷 221-233页

作者： Li, Zhuoyang Yang, Meihuan Qiu, Haijun Wang, Tao Ullah, Mohib Yang, dongdong Wang, Tianqing Xian Univ Sci & Technol Coll Geomat Xian 710054 Peoples R China Northwest Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Shaanxi Key Lab Earth Surface Syst & Environm Carr Xian 710127 Peoples R China Northwest Univ Inst Earth Surface Syst & Hazards Coll Urban & Environm Sci Xian 710127 Peoples R China

Landslides represent a major global natural disaster, often leading to severe consequences, including substantial loss of life and property. However, research on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of fatal landslide events across different climate regions and their association with precipitation remains limited. In this study, we compiled a database of non-seismic fatal landslides in china from 2010 to 2022 to examine their spatiotemporal distribution and relationship with precipitation. From 2010 to 2022, china experienced a total of 710 fatal landslide events, causing 5158 fatalities. The data revealed a declining trend in both the number of fatal landslides and associated fatalities, with the number of fatal landslides demonstrating a recurring cycle of 3-4 years marked by continuous decreases within each cycle. The initial year of a new cycle witnessed a significant increase in the number of fatal landslides, suggesting a periodic occurrence, which is related to El Ni & ntilde;o. The central subtropical humid region recorded the highest number of fatal landslide events, attributed to its highest annual precipitation. The trend in fatal landslides closely corresponded with variations in precipitation, increasing in spring and summer and decreasing in autumn and winter. The cumulative frequency distributions of fatal landslides and fatalities followed a power-law distribution, with a sharp decline observed when exceeding a certain value, indicating a deflection effect. despite the low population density, the plateau climate region has the highest risk of life loss among all climate regions. Understanding the spatial distribution of non-seismic fatal landslides can significantly aid in formulating more effective disaster prevention and mitigation policies.

关键词： Landslide Fatal landslide Spatiotemporal distribution Landslide risk

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The failure mode and fracture morphology of shale under dry and water fracturing situation

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PHYSICS OF FLUIdS 2025年第2期37卷

作者： Wang, Xiaoqiong Ge, Juntao ren, Qinpei Huang, Keke Ge, Hongkui China Univ Petr Unconvent Petr Res Inst Beijing 102249 Peoples R China

Hydraulic fracturing is an essential means to achieve economic benefits for shale oil and gas, with the main goal of forming complex fracture networks. Water-based fracturing fluid is a commonly used fracturing fluid. Gas bearing shale has special rock physical properties, such as microcracks development and high clay minerals, which will inevitably lead to physical and chemical interaction between shale and water-based fracturing fluid, and affect the failure mode and fracture morphology. In this paper, Lujiaping Formation shale in Chongqing area, southwest of china is selected for the compression experiments under dry and water fracturing condition, respectively. Through the analysis of mechanical parameters, deformation characteristics, the influence of water on the failure mode and fracture morphology is systematically studied. The experimental results indicate that both dry shale and water fracturing shale have shear localization bands, with dry shale one shear band and water shale several shear bands (main fracture), which is different from previous study that water saturated shale forms a dispersed fracture network without a main fracture. In fact, the marine shale of the Lujiaping Formation has a strong spontaneous imbibition ability. When shale is saturated with water, the water absorbed into shale increases pore pressure (reducing normal stress), which leads to further propagation of microcracks and increases the initial microcrack volume. The increase in initial crack volume will enhance the interaction between cracks. In addition, the water entering the cracks further reduces the friction resistance between crack surfaces, making the cracks prone to shear sliding, dilatation and forming several shear bands. The widely developed initial microcracks connect various shear bands, forming a more complex fracture network that increase the overall deformation width of the sample compared to dry sample.

关键词： Fracturing fluids

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