Neuropeptide F (NPF) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF) are important neuropeptides and mainly affect feeding behaviour of insects. However, the regulation of insect feeding behaviour by NPF and sNPF appears to differ be...
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Neuropeptide F (NPF) and short neuropeptide F (sNPF) are important neuropeptides and mainly affect feeding behaviour of insects. However, the regulation of insect feeding behaviour by NPF and sNPF appears to differ between species, and it is not clear how NPF and sNPF regulate the food intake of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens). Therefore, the functions of NPF and sNPF in regulating food intake and affecting the growth and antioxidant levels of N. lugens fed on host rice plants were investigated by knocking down NPF and sNPF respectively and simultaneously knocking down both of them by rNA interference. The results showed that NPF and sNPF were mainly expressed in the head of N. lugens, and N. lugens increased food intake after NPF and sNPF were knockeddown, which was reflected in the prolongedduration of N4a and N4b waves in the electrical penetration graph (EPG) experiment after knocking down NPF and sNPF. In addition, knocking down NPF and sNPF led to the increase of body weight and mortality of N. lugens, and also led to the increase of antioxidant level of N. lugens. So it was concluded that NPF and sNPF couldregulate food intake, maintain body weight stability and oxidative balance in N. lugens. Our study clarified the molecular mechanism of NPF and sNPF regulating feeding behaviour and affect the growth and antioxidant level of N. lugens.
Electrochemical interfaces between polymer electrolytes and electrodes are central to electrochemical devices in the global transition towards renewable energy. Here we show that the adsorption anddesorption of sulfo...
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Electrochemical interfaces between polymer electrolytes and electrodes are central to electrochemical devices in the global transition towards renewable energy. Here we show that the adsorption anddesorption of sulfonates in Nafion on Pt(111) involve distinct elementary steps, with the latter proceeding through a coupled cation-electron transfer. Adsorbed sulfonates not only block a fraction of surface Pt sites but, more importantly, generate two additional types of surface adsorbate, OHNafion and ONafion, which exhibit distinct kinetic properties from adsorbed OH and O on bare Pt(111), respectively. The impact of the adsorption of sulfonate groups in Nafion on the activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (Orr) on Pt cannot be rationalized by existing thermodynamic descriptors. The reduced Orr activity on the Nafion-covered Pt(111) is caused by the kinetically hindered *O ->*OH conversion and *OH reduction on sites close to adsorbed sulfonates.
Grain boundary (GB) plastic deformation is a critical deformation mode that can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals. Given its importance, numerous studies have been conducted o...
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Grain boundary (GB) plastic deformation is a critical deformation mode that can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of metals. Given its importance, numerous studies have been conducted over the past few decades to investigate the atomistic mechanism of GB plasticity, which includes GB migration, GB sliding, and grain rotation. These three deformation modes typically occur simultaneously and interact cooperatively. despite substantial advancements in understanding the atomic-scale mechanisms of GB plasticity, there is a scarcity of review papers addressing the in situ atomic-scale mechanisms of GB plasticity. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the atomistic mechanisms of GB plasticity in metals, detailing modes predicted by theoretical models and moleculardynamics (Md) simulations, as well as discussing mechanisms verified by in situ atomic-scale experiments. Additionally, it examines the factors influencing GB deformation. The authors intend for this review to serve not only as a valuable resource forresearchers in the field of nanocrystalline (NC) metals but also as a textbook for educating graduate students.
This study explored the effects of T5 and T6 heat treatments on the microstructure and tensile properties of a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy. The as-built condition exhibited a bi-moda...
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This study explored the effects of T5 and T6 heat treatments on the microstructure and tensile properties of a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)-fabricated Al-Mn-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy. The as-built condition exhibited a bi-modal grain structure of equiaxed and columnar grains. Specimens after T5 heat treatment also had a bi-modal microstructure with slight grain growth and the precipitation of secondary Al3Sc, which enhanced the yield strength via precipitation hardening but reducedductility. In contrast, T6 treatment triggeredrecrystallization, and the microstructure was only coarse equiaxed alpha-Al grains. This microstructure change was accompanied by coarsened primary Al3X and Al6(Mn, Fe) precipitates, partial Mg2Si dissolution, and significant secondary Al3Sc particle growth. Consequently, T6-treated specimens showed lower strength than their T5 counterparts and the poorest ductility due to brittle fracture induced by the stress concentration effect of coarse precipitates at grain boundaries.
Introduction:diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in ***,different sources and types of protein have different health ***:The aim of this study...
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Introduction:diet intervention,especially supplementation with high-quality protein,is considered to be a critical strategy in ***,different sources and types of protein have different health ***:The aim of this study is to explore the differences in the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of different sources and types of proteins on sarcopenia,providing an optimal path for the prevention and treatment of ***:A sarcopenia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone(5 mg/kg).Sixty male C57BL/6 mice(8 months old)were randomly divided into the normal control,sarcopenia,goat whey protein,goat milk casein,bovine whey protein,and bovine milk casein *** were treated for 8 consecutive ***-level and molecular phenotypes,16S rrNA gene sequencing,and untargeted metabolomics profiling based on GC-TOF/MS were employed to investigate the correlation between host metabolism,microbial metabolism,autophagy and inflammation and their influence on sarcopenia in C57BL/6 male ***:All 4 proteins increased muscle mass,and goat whey protein improved muscle strength in sarcopenic *** and bovine milk proteins promoted muscle regeneration by increasing Myod1 and MyoG expression,and the former had a more distinct effect in inducing autophagy anddecreasing inflammation than the *** addition,goat whey protein and casein could modulate hostmicrobial arginine ***,goat milk proteins responded well to sarcopenia comorbidities,including sarcopenic obesity,osteosarcopenia,and ***:The study confirmed that goat milk proteins were more effective than bovine milk proteins for the control of ***,we found that whey protein and casein could modulate host-microbial arginine co-metabolism,which shows their potential as precision nutritional supplements for the management of *** study provides theoretical support for the prevention a
deaminases which perform the function of converting cytosine to thymine are ubiquitous in nature with over 120,000 known variants,each exhibiting significant ***,gene editing technologies have remarkably revealed that...
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deaminases which perform the function of converting cytosine to thymine are ubiquitous in nature with over 120,000 known variants,each exhibiting significant ***,gene editing technologies have remarkably revealed that these deaminases share similar ***,the mining of novel proteins has been conducted through sequence alignment and the categorization of conservedregions to identify functional modules within protein sequences.
The co-transport of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) in alkaline soil underdifferent soil characteristics and hydrological/hydrochemical variables and immobilization of aqueous and soilborne Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in alkaline soil were inve...
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The co-transport of Cr(VI) and Ni(II) in alkaline soil underdifferent soil characteristics and hydrological/hydrochemical variables and immobilization of aqueous and soilborne Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in alkaline soil were investigated. Ni(II) transport was more sensitive to soil particle size and influent pH than Cr(VI). Humic acid (HA) and magnetite (Fe3O4) reduced the transport of Ni(II) more obviously, compared with Cr(VI). reduction and adsorption were responsible for the retention of Cr(VI) in treatments with HA and Fe3O4, while complexation and electrostatic attraction dominated in the retention of Ni(II). The increase of IS to 16 mmol/L increased Cr(VI) penetration with 8.8%, and a low pH favored the removal of Cr(VI) but impaired that of Ni(II). Soil barriers spiked with HA + Fe0 was efficient in retaining about 93.8% Cr(VI) and 94.3% Ni(II) from influent. The reaction of HA and Fe3O4 with Cr(VI) was much slower than Fe0 in mixed Cr(VI)/Ni(II) solution. Cr and Ni in co-contaminated soil could be effectively stabilized by 5% Fe0 and 5% HA + 5% Fe0 groups, converting them from easy-mobile species to more stable species. The leaching experiments of the soil at the 30th day after the remediation showed that there was little amount of Cr, Ni and Fe was washed by deionized water in HA + Fe0 treatment. Therefore, soil characteristics and hydrological/hydrochemical variables have significantly different impacts on Cr(VI) and Ni(II) transport in alkaline soil, which should be considered seriously in theirrisk assessment and the pollution control. Furthermore, HA + Fe0 is a promising approach in long-term immobilization of Cr(VI)/Ni(II) in their co-polluted soil.
The Macao Science Satellite-1(known as MSS-1)is the first scientific exploration satellite that was designed to measure the Earth's low latitude magnetic field at high resolution and with high precision by collect...
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The Macao Science Satellite-1(known as MSS-1)is the first scientific exploration satellite that was designed to measure the Earth's low latitude magnetic field at high resolution and with high precision by collecting data in a near-equatorial *** fielddata from MSS-1's onboard Vector Fluxgate Magnetometer(VFM),collected at a sample rate of 50 Hz,allows us to detect and investigate sources of magnetic data contamination,from dC to relevant Nyquist *** we report two types of artificial disturbances in the VFM *** is V-shaped events concentrated at night,with frequencies sweeping from the Nyquist frequency down to zero and back *** other is 5-Hz events(ones that exhibit a distinct 5 Hz spectrum peak);these events are always accompanied by intervals of spiky signals,and are clearly related to the attitude control of the *** analyses show that VFM noise levels in daytime are systematically lower than in *** daily average noise levels exhibit a period of about 52 *** V-shaped events are strongly correlated with higher VFM noise levels.
作者：
Wang, HongChen, daWu, LihuiZhang, JieDonghua Univ
Coll Mech Engn Shanghai Peoples R China Donghua Univ
Inst Artificial Intelligence Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr Artificial Intelligence Text Ind Shanghai Peoples R China Donghua Univ
Inst Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Ind Big Data & Intelligent S Shanghai Peoples R China Shanghai Inst Technol
Coll Mech Engn Shanghai Peoples R China
Wire-bonding machine scheduling in Semiconductor Assembly and Testing (SAT) involves thousands of lots and hundreds of machines, challenging high-quality solutions in a reasonable time. This paper proposes a framework...
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Wire-bonding machine scheduling in Semiconductor Assembly and Testing (SAT) involves thousands of lots and hundreds of machines, challenging high-quality solutions in a reasonable time. This paper proposes a framework named the Enhanced Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm with Knowledge Learning and Progressive Fusion decomposition (EAHA-KLPFd), integrating knowledge learning and progressive fusion decomposition. It is employed forrational decomposition, preserves solution space integrity, accelerates solving, and enhances search efficiency. Otherwise, the enhanced artificial hummingbird algorithm proposed improves subproblem precision. Experiments demonstrate that the framework excels in accuracy and speed and provides an effective solution for wire-bonding machine scheduling in SAT system.
Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2d) β-TeO_(2) has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [Nat. Electron. 4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This "breakthrough" not onl...
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Wide-bandgap two-dimensional (2d) β-TeO_(2) has been reported as a high-mobility p-type transparent semiconductor [Nat. Electron. 4 277 (2021)], attracting significant attention. This "breakthrough" not only challenges the conventional characterization of TeO_(2) as an insulator but also conflicts with the anticipateddifficulty in hole doping of TeO_(2) by established chemical trends. Notably, the reported Fermi level of 0.9 eV above the valence band maximum actually suggests that the material is an insulator, contradicting the high hole density obtained by Hall effect measurement. Furthermore, the detectedresidual Se and the possible reduced elemental Te in the 2d β-TeO_(2) samples introduces complexity, considering that elemental Se, Te, and Te_(1−x)Se_(x) themselves are high-mobility p-type semiconductors. Therefore, doubts regarding the true cause of the p-type conductivity observed in the 2d β-TeO_(2) samples arise. In this Letter, we employ density functional theory calculations to illustrate that TeO_(2), whether in its bulk forms of α-, β-, or γ-TeO_(2), or in the 2d β-TeO_(2) nanosheets, inherently exhibits insulating properties and poses challenges in carrierdoping due to its shallow conduction band minimum anddeep valence band maximum. Our findings shed light on the insulating properties anddoping difficulty of TeO_(2), contrasting with the claimed p-type conductivity in the 2d β-TeO_(2) samples, prompting inquiries into the true origin of the p-type conductivity.
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