Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism *** identified in china 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading *** response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requi...
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Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism *** identified in china 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading *** response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requirements for preventing and controlling the *** paper proposes a new and highly effective preventive drug,a trunk injection agent usable at normal *** use is suggested for localized epidemic areas to reduce diseased and dead trees and as a preventive measure in adjacent non-epidemic areas to prevent the infection from spreading,particularly protecting important and ancient pine trees.
The earthworm-based vermiremediation facilitated with benign chemicals such as nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising approach for the remediation of a variety of soil contaminants including *** themost toxic cyano...
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The earthworm-based vermiremediation facilitated with benign chemicals such as nano zero-valent iron(nZVI)is a promising approach for the remediation of a variety of soil contaminants including *** themost toxic cyanotoxin,microcystin-LR(MC-LR)enter soil via runoff,irrigated surface water and sewage,and the application of cyanobacterial biofertilizers as part of the sustainable agricultural *** in such remediation systems must sustain the potential risk from both nZVI and *** the present study,earthworms(Eisenia fetida)were exposed up to 14 days to MC-LR and nZVI(individually and inmixture),and the toxicity was investigated at both the organismal andmetabolic levels,including growth,tissue damage,oxidative stress,metabolic response and gut *** showed that co-exposure of MC-LR and nZVI is less potent to earthworms than that of separate *** observations in the co-exposure group revealed only minor epidermal brokenness,and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that co-exposure induced earthworms to regulate glutathione biosynthesis for detoxification and reduced adverse effects from *** combined use of nZVI promoted the growth and reproduction of soil and earthworm gut bacteria(e.g.,Sphingobacterium and Acinetobacter)responsible for the degradation of MC-LR,whichmight explain the observed antagonism between nZVI and MC-LR in earthworm *** study suggests the beneficial use of nZVI to detoxify pollutants in earthworm-based vermiremediation systems where freshwater containing cyanobacterial blooms is frequently used to irrigate soil and supply water for the growth and metabolism of earthworms.
With the increasing severity of arsenic(As)pollution,quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the pr...
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With the increasing severity of arsenic(As)pollution,quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the precise control *** the industrialintensive Jinsha River Basin as typical area,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model coupled with Soil andWater Assessment Tool(SWAT)model was developed to accurately simulate the watershed-scale distribution and transport of As in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at high spatial and temporal *** effects of hydro-climate change,hydropower station construction and non-point source emissions on Aswere quantified based on the coupled *** result indicated that higher As concentration areas mainly centralized in urban districts and concentration slowly decreased from upstream to *** to the enhanced rainfall,the As concentration was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry ***-climate change and the construction of hydropower station not only affected the dissolved As concentration,but also affected the adsorption and desorption of As in ***,As concentration increased with the input of non-point source pollution,with the maximum increase about 30%,resulting that non-point sources contributed important pollutant impacts to *** coupled model used in pollutant behavior analysis is generalwith high potential application to predict and mitigate water pollution.
X-ray detectors show potential applications in medical imaging,materials science,and nuclear *** achieve high detection efficiency and spatial resolution,many conventional semiconductor materials,such as amorphous sel...
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X-ray detectors show potential applications in medical imaging,materials science,and nuclear *** achieve high detection efficiency and spatial resolution,many conventional semiconductor materials,such as amorphous selenium,cadmium telluride zinc,and perovskites,have been utilized in direct conversion X-ray ***,these semiconductor materials are susceptible to temperature-induced performance degradation,crystallization,delamination,uneven lattice growth,radiation damage,and high dark *** study explores a new approach by coupling an FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid with a specialized high-resolution and high-readout-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)pixel array,specifically the Topmetal II−chip,to fabricate a direct conversion X-ray *** fluorinated liquid FC40(molecular formula:C_(21)F_(48)N_(2))is an electronic medium that is minimally affected by temperature and displays no issues with uniform *** exhibits a low dark current and minimal radiation damage and enables customizable thickness in X-ray *** addresses the limitations inherent in conventional semiconductor-based *** this study,simple X-ray detector imaging tests were conducted,demonstrating the excellent coupling capability between FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS chips by the X-ray detector.A spatial resolution of 4.0 lp/mm was measured using a striped line par card,and a relatively clear image of a cockroach was displayed in the digital radiography imaging *** test results indicated the feasibility of fabricating an X-ray detector by combining FC40 electronic fluorinated liquid and CMOS *** to the absence of issues related to chip-material coupling,a high spatial resolution could be achieved by reducing the chip pixel *** method presents a new avenue for studies on novel liquid-based direct conversion X-ray detectors.
Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength *** frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency...
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Frequency conversion is pivotal in nonlinear optics and quantum optics for manipulating and translating light signals across different wavelength *** frequency conversion between two light beams with a small frequency interval is a central *** this work,we design a pair of coupled silicon microrings wherein coupled-induced modesplitting exists to achieve a small frequency shift by the process of four-wave mixing Bragg *** an example,the signal can be up or down converted to the idler which is 15.5 GHz spaced when two pumps align with another pair of split *** results unveil the potential of coupled microring resonators for small interval frequency conversion in a high-fidelity,all-optical,and signal processing quantum frequency interface.
Extensive spatiotemporal analyses of long-trend surface ozone in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region and itsmeteorology-related and emission-related have not been systematically *** this study,by using 8-year-long(2015...
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Extensive spatiotemporal analyses of long-trend surface ozone in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region and itsmeteorology-related and emission-related have not been systematically *** this study,by using 8-year-long(2015–2022)surface ozone observation data,we attempted to reveal the variation ofmultiple timescale components using the Kolmogorov–Zurbenko filter,and the effects of meteorology and emissions were quantitatively isolated using multiple linear regression with meteorological *** results showed that the short-term,seasonal,and long-term components accounted for daily maximum 8-hr average O_(3)(O_(3–8)hr)concentration,46.4%,45.9%,and 1.0%,*** meteorological impacts account for an average of 71.8%of O_(3–8)hr,and the YRD’s eastern and northern sections aremeteorology-sensitive *** on statistical analysis technology with empirical orthogonal function,the contribution of meteorology,local emission,and transport in the long-term component of O_(3–8)hr were 0.21%,0.12%,and 0.6%,*** spatiotemporal analysis indicated that a distinct decreasing spatial pattern could be observed from coastal cities towards the northwest,influenced by the monsoon and synoptic *** central urban agglomeration north and south of the YRD was particularly susceptible to local *** the cities studied,Shanghai,Anqing,and Xuancheng,located at similar latitudes,were significantly impacted by atmospheric transmission—the contribution of Shanghai,the maximum accounting for 3.6%.
Copper, a widely used metal in industrial processes, generates copper-containing wastewater, leading to high-moisture sludge formation. Copper enrichment in the sludge reduces utilization and poses environmental risks...
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Copper, a widely used metal in industrial processes, generates copper-containing wastewater, leading to high-moisture sludge formation. Copper enrichment in the sludge reduces utilization and poses environmental risks. This study investigates the effects of various electromagnetic conditions (magnetic field intensity: 0-2.1 mT;voltage intensity: 0-15 V) on reducing sludge moisture and enhancing heavy metal copper removal during anaerobic composting. Additionally, the impact of CuCl2 solution addition in three anaerobic composting stages (low-temp LC, high-temp HC, medium-temp MC) on microbial communities is examined. Results show that with a 1.4 mT magnetic field and 10 V electric field, sludge moisture decreases significantly from 95 to 65%, and copper removal increases to 67%, yielding high-quality compost. Copper addition during composting also affects microbial activity, particularly in the LC stage. Copper promotes beneficial microorganisms like Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, enhancing organic substrate degradation. Furthermore, Cu2+ involvement regulates microbial metabolic reactions, aiding system stability through biological *** findings provide crucial theoretical and practical evidence for optimizing anaerobic composting, reducing sludge moisture, and enhancing heavy metal removal efficiency.
In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy has played a crucial role in the global transition toward renewable energy, contributing to 46% of the electric capacity. It has emerged as a primary source;however, opt...
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In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy has played a crucial role in the global transition toward renewable energy, contributing to 46% of the electric capacity. It has emerged as a primary source;however, optimizing energy utilization and solar panel efficiency to maximize absorbed solar radiation remains a significant challenge. Additionally, it addresses the optimization of solar energy generation and the mitigation of potential overheating issues in dual-axis solar tracking systems. Despite its importance, PV power generation is hindered by uncertainty and intermittency, posing obstacles to achieving a stable and reliable power supply. This research introduces an innovative synthesis method for a typical solar radiation year (TSRY) based on K-means clustering to maximize energy harvest. The K-means algorithm, a fundamental image processing technique, is utilized to classify images into distinct groups. This approach enhances energy generation potential, panel efficiency, and the long-term sustainability of solar energy systems compared to conventional methods.
With the urgent demand for lightweight and integrated structural parts in the aerospacefield,the use of cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing(CMT-WAAM)to form large-size magnesium alloy structural parts h...
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With the urgent demand for lightweight and integrated structural parts in the aerospacefield,the use of cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing(CMT-WAAM)to form large-size magnesium alloy structural parts has become a research *** this paper,a large AZ31 magnesium alloy multilayer block with a lower porosity was successfully prepared by *** AZ31 block exhibits a fully equiaxed grain morphology,the average grain diameters of the top,middle,and bottom are 16.1μm,12.4μm,and 10.4μm,*** submicron spherical particles measuring 0.09 to 0.4μm are Mg17Al12 phases,irregular particles are Al8Mn5+Mg17Al12 composite phases and large particles measuring 5 to 10μm are Al8Mn5 in AZ31 *** UTS of CMT-WAAM AZ31 block from the bottom of 239.9±5.0 MPa to the top of 237.3±3.1 MPa,and the EL from the bottom of 22.7±0.6%to the top of 30.0±1.1%,exceeding the casting *** the CMT-WAAM processed AZ31 alloy,the pre-existing coarse second phase particles in the AZ31filaments acted as nucleating agents,and the electromagnetic stirring effect in the WAAM process broke up the dendrites and increased the number density of nucleation sites to improve the rate of nucleation,and the complex thermal conditions in the WAAM process restricted the growth of the grains and the precipitated *** mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy were improved by effectively refining its grain size and precipitated phase size.
Hot deformation with high strain rate has been paid more attention due to its high efficiency and low cost,however,the strain rate dependent dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and texture evolution in hot deformation proce...
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Hot deformation with high strain rate has been paid more attention due to its high efficiency and low cost,however,the strain rate dependent dynamic recrystallization(DRX)and texture evolution in hot deformation process,which affect the formability of metals,are lack of *** this work,the DRX behavior and texture evolution of Mg-8Gd-1Er-0.5Zr alloy hot compressed with strain rates of 0.1 s^(−1),1 s^(−1),10 s^(−1) and 50 s^(−1) are studied,and the corresponding dominant mechanisms for DRX and texture weakening are *** indicated the DRX fraction was 20%and the whole texture intensity was 16.89 MRD when the strain rate was 0.1 s^(−1),but they were 76%and 6.55 MRD,respectively,when the strain rate increased to 50 s^(−1).The increment of DRX fraction is suggested to result from the reduced DRX critical strain and the increased dislocation density as well as velocity,while the weakened whole texture is attributed to the increased DRX *** the low strain rate of 0.1 s^(−1),discontinuous DRX(DDRX)was the dominant,but the whole texture was controlled by the deformed grains with the preferred orientation of{0001}⊥CD,because the number of DDRX grains was *** the high strain rate of 50 s^(−1),continuous DRX(CDRX)and twin-induced DRX(TDRX)were promoted,and more DRX grains resulted in orientation *** whole texture was mainly weakened by CDRX and TDRX grains,in which CDRX plays a major *** results of present work are significant for understanding the hot workability of Mg-RE alloys with a high strain rate.
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