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Adaptive Task Scheduling in digital Twin Empowered Cloud-Native Vehicular Networks

IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAr TECHNOLOGY 2024年第6期73卷 8973-8987页

作者： Tan, Xiaobin Wang, Mingyang Wang, Tao Zheng, Quan Wu, Jun Yang, Jian Univ Sci & Technol China Dept Automat Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Hefei Comprehens Natl Sci Ctr Inst Artificial Intelligence Hefei 230094 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Inst Adv Technol Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Sch Comp Sci Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

Intelligent driving has advanced significantly in recent decades, paving the path for the transportation of the future. digital twin (dT) technology, which can bridge the physical and virtual space gaps in real time, plays an important role in the collaboration of vehicles and roads for intelligent driving. In this paper, we design the digital Twin empowered Cloud-native Vehicular Networks (dT-CVN) architecture as well as the workflow for task execution aiming at executing intelligent driving tasks efficiently and reliably. In dT-CVN, we propose a design and implementation scheme for digital twins, in which different modules of the same digital twin entity can be deployed in different network locations in a distributed manner by taking advantage of the distributed features of microservices based on cloud-native technology. Furthermore, we design the modules reuse and requests aggregation mechanisms of digital twins invocation for task scheduling in dT-CVN, which can improve its efficiency even further. Then we model the task scheduling in dT-CVN into a combinational optimization problem and propose a deep reinforcement learning (drL) based adaptive task scheduling algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the efficiency of task scheduling while reducing energy consumption.

关键词： digital twins Task analysis Collaboration Cloud computing Computer architecture Edge computing Scheduling algorithms Intelligent driving digital twin vehicular networks cloud-native task scheduling

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Privacy-driven Security-Aware Task Scheduling Mechanism for Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON NETWOrK SCIENCE ANd ENGINEErING 2024年第5期11卷 4704-4718页

作者： Cai, Yunfei Yao, Haipeng Gong, Yongkang Wang, Fu Zhang, Ni Guizani, Mohsen Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun State Key Lab Networking & Switching Technol Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Shandong Univ Qingdao 266237 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Elect Engn Beijing 100876 Peoples R China China Elect Corp Res Inst 6 Beijing 100846 Peoples R China Mohamed Bin Zayed Univ Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi U Arab Emirates

To implement ubiquitous intelligence of the sixth generation mobile networks (6G), space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN) have emerged as a promising infrastructure to provide globally seamless coverage and powerful cloud computing services. With SAGIN, Internet of Things (IoT) devices can offload compute-intensive tasks to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellites. However, due to the vulnerability of wireless communications to eavesdropping attacks, privacy-preserving task scheduling in SAGIN is of great challenge. To address this problem, we propose a privacy-driven multi-agent proximal policy optimization-based security-aware SAGIN task scheduling mechanism, where we jointly optimize the delay, energy consumption and security utility of tasks considering different privacy protection needs. In this mechanism, privacy protection is accomplished from two aspects. First, the privacy level of tasks and the privacy leakage risks of the communication link are fully considered in the selection of the scheduling destination. Second, we employ cryptography techniques and conceive an optimal encryption configuration scheme to achieve the most cost-effective privacy protection. Moreover, a convex optimization method is utilized to allocate CPU-cycle frequencies for computing services. In the end, simulation results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm outperforms other benchmarks in terms of convergence speed, offloading overhead and security utility of IoT devices.

关键词： Space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN) privacy task scheduling encryption configuration multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) Space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGIN) privacy task scheduling encryption configuration multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO)

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diffusion mechanism of immiscible Fe-Mg system induced by high-density defects at the steel/Mg composite interface

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第13期144卷 150-160页

作者： Yanlan Sun Xuefeng Liu Wenjing Wang Yaohua Yang Weiliang Zhang Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

due to positive mixing heat between Fe and Mg,it is difficult to diffuse for Fe-Mg at the interface of steel/Mg laminated composites,resulting in the inability to achieve high-strength metallurgical *** this paper,20#steel/Mg laminated composites were prepared by large deformation rolling and subse-quent diffusion heat treatment *** interfacial bonding strength was improved by constructing high-density crystal defects at the interface to promote element *** mechanisms of interface morphology evolution and element diffusion were analyzed by finite element simulation and theoretical *** results show after diffusion heat treatment,the bond strength of the large deformation rolled interface was increased from 14 to 30 ***-Mg transition layer with about 80 nm thickness as well as high-density vacancies,dislocations and grain boundaries were formed in the large deforma-tion rolled interface *** diffusion heat treatment,Mg elements diffused into grain interior and grain boundary regions of 20#steel under the effect of heat-force coupling,and the thickness of Fe-Mg transition layer increased to 150 nm,forming an Fe-based supersaturated solid *** in-terface with high-density defects constituted a non-equilibrium *** 20#steel internal energy in the non-equilibrium interface is able to overcome positive mixing heat of immiscible Fe-Mg system and provide the driving force for Mg elements *** elemental diffusion by constructing high-density defects can be a new concept to achieve metallurgical bonding at the interface of immiscible metal laminated composites.

关键词： Steel/Mg composite interface Immiscible Fe-Mg system Non-equilibrium interface diffusion mechanism

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PCC Polar Codes for Future Wireless Communications: Potential Applications and design Guidelines

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IEEE WIrELESS COMMUNICATIONS 2024年第3期31卷 414-420页

作者： Jiang, Tao Liu, Yangyang Xiao, Lixia Liu, Weidan Liu, Guanghua Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Huazhong Peoples R China

The main limitation of polar codes is that the channel polarization is insufficient in the context of short and moderate codeword length, resulting in a degradation of error correction performance. Promising solutions can be found in the recently proposed parity-check-concatenated (PCC) polar codes, which exploit the scattered parity bits to improve the error correction capability substantially. Owing to this benefit, PCC polar codes constitute an appealing paradigm of channel coding and have been deemed a critical technology of the control channel coding for 5G mobile communication. As an emerging channel coding, its potentiality has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To unleash the eminent benefits of the PCC polar codes, in this article we present a comprehensive overview, including its innovative construction of encoding, low-complexity decoding, advanced evolution variants, and potential application scenarios, as well as its future design guidelines.

关键词： Polar codes decoding Channel coding reliability Error correction codes Wireless communication Simulation

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MixFormer: End-to-End Tracking With Iterative Mixed Attention

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON PATTErN ANALYSIS ANd MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2024年第6期46卷 4129-4146页

作者： Cui, Yutao Jiang, Cheng Wu, Gangshan Wang, Limin Nanjing Univ State Key Lab Novel Software Technol Nanjing 210023 Peoples R China

Visual object tracking often employs a multi-stage pipeline of feature extraction, target information integration, and bounding box estimation. To simplify this pipeline and unify the process of feature extraction and target information integration, in this paper, we present a compact tracking framework, termed as MixFormer, built upon transformers. Our core design is to utilize the flexibility of attention operations, and we propose a Mixed Attention Module (MAM) for simultaneous feature extraction and target information integration. This synchronous modeling scheme allows us to extract target-specific discriminative features and perform extensive communication between target and search area. Based on MAM, we build our MixFormer trackers simply by stacking multiple MAMs and placing a localization head on top. Specifically, we instantiate two types of MixFormer trackers, a hierarchical tracker MixCvT, and a non-hierarchical simple tracker MixViT. For these two trackers, we investigate a series of pre-training methods and uncover the different behaviors between supervised pre-training and self-supervised pre-training in our MixFormer trackers. We also extend the masked autoencoder pre-training to our MixFormer trackers and design the new competitive TrackMAE pre-training technique. Finally, to handle multiple target templates during online tracking, we devise an asymmetric attention scheme in MAM to reduce computational cost, and propose an effective score prediction module to select high-quality templates. Our MixFormer trackers set a new state-of-the-art performance on seven tracking benchmarks, including LaSOT, TrackingNet, VOT2020, GOT-10 k, OTB100, TOTB and UAV123. In particular, our MixViT-L achieves AUC scores of 73.3% on LaSOT, 86.1% on TrackingNet and 82.8% on TOTB.

关键词： Target tracking Feature extraction Head Transformers Magnetic heads Location awareness Correlation Compact tracking framework mixed attention score prediction self-supervised vision transformer visual tracking

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rT-CBCH: real-Time VPN Traffic Service Identification Based on Sampled data in High-Speed Networks

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON NETWOrK ANd SErVICE MANAGEMENT 2024年第1期21卷 88-107页

作者： Wu, Hua Liu, Yujie Cheng, Guang Hu, Xiaoyan Southeast Univ Sch Cyber Sci & Engn Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Purple Mt Labs Network & Commun Secur Nanjing 211111 Peoples R China Jiangsu Prov Engn Res Ctr Secur Ubiquitous Network Nanjing 211189 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology can bypass censorship and access geographically locked services. Some harmful information may be hidden in VPN traffic and circumvent the surveillance systems, bringing a significant challenge to network security. Considering the increasing richness of service types in VPN traffic, identifying traffic service facilitates further targeting harmful VPN traffic. Therefore, VPN traffic service identification is critical in network management. The existing identification methods use complete traffic for analysis. However, massive data analysis in high-speed networks consumes enormous resources, limiting the real-time processing of traffic identification. This paper proposes a real-time VPN traffic service identification method named rT-CBCH. We construct features that are still available after sampling and design a fast traffic processing structure based on Counting Bloom Filter and Chained Hash Table (CBCH). Experimental results validate the real-time capability, stability and accuracy of our method. At the sampling ratio of 1/256, it takes only 23.63 seconds to process the mixed traffic of 900-second traffic generated on a 10 Gbps link and our collected V2ray traffic, which is increasingly common in VPN traffic. Under different sampling ratios, the identification results remain respectable, with an overall accuracy of about 90% for application service and over 99% for V2ray proxy service. Furthermore, comparisons with similar work illustrate the high accuracy and low resource consumption of rT-CBCH. Experimental results show that our method can stably implement real-time VPN traffic service identification from sampled data in high-speed networks.

关键词： real-time sampled data VPN traffic service identification high-speed network

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Causality-Based Visual Analysis of Questionnaire responses

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION ANd COMPUTEr GrAPHICS 2024年第1期30卷 638-648页

作者： Li, renzhong Cui, Weiwei Song, Tianqi Xie, Xiao ding, rui Wang, Yun Zhang, Haidong Zhou, Hong Wu, Yingcai Zhejiang Univ State Key Lab CAD & CG Zhejiang Peoples R China Microsoft Res Asia Beijing Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Dept Sports Sci Hangzhou Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Comp Sci & Software Engn Shenzhen Peoples R China

As the final stage of questionnaire analysis, causal reasoning is the key to turning responses into valuable insights and actionable items for decision-makers. during the questionnaire analysis, classical statistical methods (e.g., differences-in-differences) have been widely exploited to evaluate causality between questions. However, due to the huge search space and complex causal structure in data, causal reasoning is still extremely challenging and time-consuming, and often conducted in a trial-and-error manner. On the other hand, existing visual methods of causal reasoning face the challenge of bringing scalability and expert knowledge together and can hardly be used in the questionnaire scenario. In this work, we present a systematic solution to help analysts effectively and efficiently explore questionnaire data and derive causality. Based on the association mining algorithm, we dig question combinations with potential inner causality and help analysts interactively explore the causal sub-graph of each question combination. Furthermore, leveraging the requirements collected from the experts, we built a visualization tool and conducted a comparative study with the state-of-the-art system to show the usability and efficiency of our system.

关键词： Causal analysis Questionnaire design study

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Power regulation of Islanded PV-Battery dC Microgrid With Seamless Transition

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IEEE TrANSACTIONS ON INdUSTrY APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期60卷 1151-1159页

作者： Pan, Hao Cheng, Peng Zhao, Hufu Huo, Jian Jia, Limin Li, Qingmin North China Elect Power Univ China Inst Energy & Transportat Integrated Dev Beijing 102206 Peoples R China Beijing Negao Automat Technol Corp Ltd Beijing 102206 Peoples R China North China Elect Power Univ Sch Elect & Elect Engn Beijing 102206 Peoples R China

In this article, a power regulation for islanded PV-battery dC microgrid with seamless transition is proposed under sudden load changes. In the power regulation, there are two modes, mode 1 for normal operation and mode 2 for the case where the load power is greater than the PV output, using droop control of PV to maintain the bus voltage and constant voltage control of energy storage to maintain the bus voltage, respectively. Mode 1 ensures that the battery is in a stable charging state and avoids frequent charging/discharging of battery. Mode 2 can maximize the use of PV energy. A seamless switching strategy without communication between the two modes is also established to suppress the fluctuation of bus voltage through the cooperation of PV and energy storage units, and a suitable switching timing is selected to avoid the sudden change of power during the switching process. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed control strategy is verified by the OPAL-5700 hardware-in-loop simulation platform.

关键词： Microgrids Voltage control Switches Batteries Control systems reliability Temperature Energy storage islanded microgrid maximum power point solar photovoltaic

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Synthesis of granulated Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) via two antisolvent methods for lithium adsorption from gas-produced water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 34-46页

作者： Jun Qiu Lu-ri Bao Wei Guo Ying Yang Shu-Ying Sun National Engineering Research Center for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China

Gas-produced water is an accompanying wastewater in the natural gas extraction process,and it is a potential liquid lithium resource that contains a considerable amount of *** study investigated the feasibility of using manganese-based ion sieves to adsorb and extract lithium from gas-produced *** we focused on the applicability of two different granulation methods,extrusion and droplet,in gas-produced water *** types of H_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) particles were prepared by the extrusion method(EHMO)and the droplet method(dHMO).The porosity of dHMO was much higher than that of EHMO,and the adsorption performance of dHMO increased with the decrease of binder *** prepared with a binder concentration of 0.14 g·ml^(-1)exhibited the best adsorption performance in gas-produced water,and the Li^(+)adsorption capacity could reach 25.14 mg·g^(-1).In gas-produced water,the adsorption equilibrium of dHMO only took 9 h,and the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic *** pore diffusion model(PdM)could well describe its adsorption ***,dHMO showed a great selectivity to Li^(+),and the selectivity order of dHMO in gas-produced water was Li^(+)>Ba^(2+)>>Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Sr^(2+)>>Na^(+)>>K^(+).After 20 cycles,the Li^(+)adsorption capacity was still higher than 17.30 mg·g^(-1),and the rate of manganese dissolution was less than 1%.

关键词： Gas-produced water Granulation Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4)

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A WOA-BP neural network microstructure evolution prediction model of TC11 titanium alloy and application in hollow shaft during cross wedge rolling with mandrel

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ArCHIVES OF CIVIL ANd MECHANICAL ENGINEErING 2024年第2期24卷 96-96页

作者： Yin, Jian Yang, Cuiping Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Mech Engn 30 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Beijing Lab Met Mat & Proc Modern Transportat 30 Xueyuan Rd Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The mechanical properties of TC11 titanium alloy parts are closely related to their microstructure, and a study of the microstructure evolution during cross wedge rolling (CWr) can be beneficial for mechanical property regulation. In this paper, a WOA-BP neural network prediction model was developed and utilized to investigate the microstructure evolution of the TC11 titanium alloy hollow shaft during CWr with mandrel. Firstly, the effect of process parameters on the alpha phase grain size of TC11 titanium alloy was investigated through hot compression tests at temperatures ranging from 850 to 950 celcius, and the grain size under different conditions was obtained. Accordingly, a WOA-BP microstructure prediction model was established utilizing the whale optimization algorithm. Then, the microstructure prediction model was embedded into the software Simufact through the secondary development techniques to forecast the alpha phase grain size in the hot compression experiment and the CWr hollow shaft experiment. Finally, the CWr TC11 alloy hollow shaft experiments were conducted. The maximum error between the experiment and the predicted results is 11.07%, which means the model can accurately predict the alpha phase grain size of TC11 alloy. The results indicated that the established model can effectively predict the alpha phase grain size during CWr. Additionally, the model was used to predict the alpha phase grain size of TC11 alloy hollow shaft at different stages of CWr with mandrel.

关键词： TC11 titanium alloy Cross wedge rolling WOA-BP neural network prediction model Hollow shaft Microstructure evolution

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