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Technological advances in ligninolytic enzymes for the biological valorization of lignin

GREEN CHEMISTRY 2025年第16期27卷 4016-4039页

作者： Fu, Ning Liu, Ruo-Ying Zhou, Ya Li, Bing-Zhi Yuan, Ying-Jin Liu, Zhi-Hua Tianjin Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Frontiers Sci Ctr Synthet Biol State Key Lab Synthet Biol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Frontiers Res Inst Synthet Biol Tianjin 301799 Peoples R China

Lignin is a promising renewable aromatic resource with significant potential for conversion into high-value products, making it a key component in advancing biorefinery processes and supporting the bioeconomy. However, its structural heterogeneity and macromolecular complexity pose major challenges to its biological valorization. This work focuses on advancing the bio-depolymerization of lignin into highly bioavailable derivatives for downstream bioconversion by exploring cutting-edge technologies for the screening and modification of ligninolytic enzymes. key enzymes involved in both extracellular depolymerization and intracellular transformation of lignin serve as critical targets for advancing its biological valorization. A range of state-of-the-art technologies can be employed for high-throughput screening of efficient ligninolytic enzymes or bacteria, thereby enriching the pool of available biocatalysts. Protein engineering offers a powerful approach for developing artificial enzymes with industrial production advantages. Additionally, artificial intelligence provides valuable strategies for designing and modifying ligninolytic enzymes. Overall, the interdisciplinary application of these advanced technologies is instrumental in propelling lignin biological valorization to a more sophisticated stage of green development.

关键词： Depolymerization

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In-nozzle flow characteristics of superheated ethanol mixture

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 2025年 186卷

作者： Pan, Xuhai Cao, Yi Zhu, Wei Zhu, Xueliang Wang, Xilin Hua, Min Jiang, Juncheng Nanjing Tech Univ Coll Safety Sci & Engn Nanjing 210009 Peoples R China Nanjing Vocat Univ Ind Technol Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Univ Surrey Dept Chem & Proc Engn Guildford England

Structural failure of storage tanks can result in the accidental release of superheated hazardous chemicals, causing catastrophic consequences. This study utilized a 20 L storage tank and a transparent nozzle to simulate the release process using pure water mixed with ethanol as the medium. The morphological characteristics of the two-phase flow of the flash jet, both inside and downstream of the nozzle, were analyzed using a capacitance sensor and high-speed imaging under storage temperatures (T-st = 110-150 degrees C), storage pressures (P-st = 6-16 bar), and nozzle sizes (D= 1-6 mm). The results indicate that as the ethanol volume fraction increases, the physical properties of the superheated liquid-such as density and surface tension-decline, and the viscosity increases slightly. This reduces the energy required for gas nuclei within the nozzle to overcome surface tension forces. Consequently, smaller, denser bubbles are formed, leading to more intense jet fragmentation and atomization. Moreover, increasing superheat, storage pressure or nozzle size further amplifies bubble nucleation rates, jet radial expansion rates and break-up atomization, while significantly reducing droplet diameter. Finally, this study revises the void fraction criterion for the flash vaporization mechanism: external flashing (alpha = 0), internal flashing (0 < alpha < 23) and full flashing (alpha > 23).

关键词： Superheated blended ethanol Transparent nozzle Void fraction Bubble nucleation Flashing regimes

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From patches to WSIs: A systematic review of deep Multiple Instance Learning in computational pathology

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INFORMATION FUSION 2025年 119卷

作者： Zhang, Yuchen Gao, Zeyu He, Kai Li, Chen Mao, Rui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Comp Sci & Technol 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Cambridge Dept Oncol Cambridge England Univ Cambridge CRUK Cambridge Ctr Cambridge England Natl Univ Singapore Singapore Singapore Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore Singapore

Clinical decision support systems for pathology, particularly those utilizing computational pathology (CPATH) for whole slide image (WSI) analysis, face significant challenges due to the need for high-quality annotated datasets. Given the vast amount of information contained in WSIs, creating such datasets is often prohibitively expensive and time-consuming. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as a promising alternative, enabling training that relies solely on coarse-grained supervision by the fusion of extensive localized information from large-scale wholes, thereby reducing the dependency on costly pixel-level labeling. As a result, MIL has become a pivotal technique in CPATH, driving a surge in related research, particularly over the past five years. This expanding body of work has catalyzed technological innovation, introduced transformative advancements in the field, and been further accelerated by progress in deep learning architectures, largescale pretraining strategies, and Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper provides a systematic review of recent developments in deep MIL methods, analyzing technological advancements from multiple perspectives, including encoder backbone architectures, encoder pretraining strategies, and MIL aggregation techniques. We present a comprehensive overview of progress in each domain, catalog specific application scenarios, and highlight pivotal contributions that have shaped the field. Finally, we explore emerging research directions and potential future challenges for MIL-based CPATH.

关键词： Multiple Instance Learning Computational pathology Whole slide images Self-supervised learning Multimodal fusion

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Removal of ochratoxin A from wine by adsorption-photocatalytic synergy of tubular TiO2/SiO2/g-C3N4: Mechanistic insights and degradation pathways

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025年 471卷 142758页

作者： Hu, Chen Yang, Chao Li, Bo Peng, Bangzhu Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Wuhan 430070 Hubei Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Shenzhen Inst Nutr & Hlth Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr Shenzhen BranchGenome Anal LabMinist Agr Shenzhen 518120 Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Informat Wuhan 430070 Hubei Peoples R China

Consumption of contaminated wines is a significant source of ochratoxin A (OTA) intake in humans, yet existing techniques for OTA removal are inadequate. This study constructs a TiO2/SiO2/g-C3N4 catalyst (TiSiMs-TCN) with a tubular structure, capable of efficiently removing OTA from both simulated and real wines under visible light irradiation. The results of experiments, characterizations, and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the incorporation of silica enhances the adsorption capacity for OTA, and the tubular structure improves the catalyst's photoelectric properties. The internal electric field between TiSiMs and TCN facilitates electron transfer and the generation of active species, rapidly degrading the adsorbed OTA and promoting the regeneration of active sites, thus maintaining continuous adsorption-photocatalysis synergy. The OTA degradation pathway was analyzed using the Fukui index, electrostatic potential distribution, and intermediate product identification. Toxicological experiments confirm that TiSiMs-TCN is a safe and stable material capable of effectively detoxifying OTA contamination.

关键词： Ochratoxin A Photocatalytic detoxification Adsorption-photocatalysis synergy Degradation mechanism DFT calculation

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Antenna Designs Using Kriging Assisted Taguchi Method

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Progress in Electromagnetics research C 2025年 152卷 271-277页

作者： Ma, Jianing Jia, Xingning Wang, Ruidong Ma, Liao School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Ningxia University China School of Electrical Information Engineering North Minzu University China

Taguchi method has been extensively applied in electromagnetic optimization. To further enhance the optimization efficiency of the Taguchi method, a surrogate-assisted Taguchi method employing dynamic reduced rates is proposed. The reduced rate of each design variable is proportional to its contribution percentage. Variables with higher contributions exhibit a larger reduction rate, which subsequently decreases the search step and enhances the exploitation and convergence of the Taguchi method. Kriging model serves as a substitute for the real fitness evaluation in predicting the result of each experiment, with its feasible state determined by the average relative error of its predictions. This ensures the prediction accuracy while reducing the number of real fitness evaluations. The proposed algorithm is validated by the fact that the efficiency has increased at least twofold through four benchmark function tests. In the end, this algorithm is employed to synthesize the radiation pattern of an asymmetrical dipole array with 16 elements and to optimize the front-to-back ratio of the Yagi-Uda antenna. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

关键词： Directional patterns (antenna)

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A Novel Compound Heterozygous Variant in the ABHD12 Gene Cause PHARC Syndrome in a Chinese Family: The Proband Presenting New Genotype and Phenotype

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MOLECULAR GENETICS & GENOMIC MEDICINE 2025年第2期13卷 e70055页

作者： Ma, Meijiao Ma, Jinhai Lian, Yuanyuan Wu, Xueli Wang, Wenming Rong, Weining Sheng, Xunlun Gansu Aier Ophthalmol & Optometry Hosp Lanzhou Peoples R China Lanzhou Brigtt Eye Hosp Lanzhou Lanzhou Peoples R China Ningxia Med Univ Ningxia Eye Hosp Peoples Hosp Ningxia Hui Autonomous Reg Clin Med Coll 3 Yinchuan Peoples R China

Background PHARC syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ABHD12 gene, is characterized by demyelinating polyneuropathy, hearing loss, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and early-onset cataracts. If patients are first diagnosed in the ophthalmology department, they are easily misdiagnosed as having RP or Usher syndrome. This study aimed to identify the genetic etiology and determine the clinical diagnosis of a Chinese family with suspected PHARC syndrome. Method Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations and systemic evaluations were conducted to confirm the phenotype. The genotype was identified through Whole Exome Sequencing (WES), and the current literature was reviewed understand better manifestations of PHARC syndrome related to pathogenic variants. Results The principal symptoms of the proband comprised profound sensorineural hearing loss since childhood, severe visual impairment, congenital cataracts, cone-rod dystrophy, and ataxia. WES revealed that the proband carried a compound heterozygous variant in the ABHD12 gene: M1, a known nonsense variation c.477G > A (***159Ter);and M2, a novel copy number variant with a deletion of approximately 18.10 Kbp in chromosome 20p11.21 (seq[GRCh38]del(20) (p11.21)chr20:g. 25302218_25320318del), covering exons 4-12 of the ABHD12 gene. The literature review indicated that there were 65 patients with PHARC from 30 different families. All clinical information of the described patients with PHARC syndrome and all known mutations associated with the disease to date were compiled. Conclusion This study expands the spectrum of pathogenic variants and phenotype for PHARC syndrome and suggests genetic testing is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of PHARC syndrome.

关键词： ABHD12 Chinese new genotype-phenotype PHARC

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Pisha Sandstone Application Methods Determined the Processes of Nitrogen Leaching in Sandy Soil

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LAND DEGRADATION & development 2025年第0期

作者： Li, Gaoliang Shang, Zhenkun Ren, Yunzhuo Zhen, Qing Zheng, Jiyong Gao, Jianen Northwest A&F Univ Coll Nat Resources & Environm Yangling Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwest A&F Univ State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming Loess Pl Yangling Shaanxi Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Soil & Water Conservat Yangling Shaanxi Peoples R China Minist Water Resource Yangling Shaanxi Peoples R China

Nitrogen (N) leaching loss in sandy soil reduces the effectiveness of N fertilizer and increases the risk of polluting groundwater. Pisha sandstone could be used to maintain the water and nutrients in sandy soil due to the presence of montmorillonite, but the impacts of application methods (patterns and levels) on N leaching loss remain unclear. Leaching experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of Pisha sandstone application patterns and levels on N leaching loss. Soil columns were constructed, including four application patterns (U, upper layer in soil column;M, middle layer;L, lower layer;Mix, mixing with sandy soil) and three application levels (10%, 30%, 50%, mass ratio). Results indicated that not all treatments showed a decrease in N leaching from sandy soil, and the application patterns had a higher effect than application levels. Compared with the sandy soil, the Mix application pattern presented the best impact in reducing N leaching (18.8%-28.3%) and could reduce more leaching N by increasing application levels. The L pattern effectively reduced N leaching loss (3.5%-20.2%) and water drainage loss (12%-33.8%). A cautious attitude should be adopted in selecting U and M patterns due to the risk of increasing N leaching loss. The reasonable use of Pisha sandstone was helpful in reducing N leaching loss from sandy soil. More fieldwork is needed to extend our findings in the future.

关键词： application method coarse-textured soil layered structure soil amendment soil column experiment

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Analysis of Urban Flooding Driving Factors Based on Water Tracer Method and Optimal Parameters-Based Geographical Detector

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK SCIENCE 2025年第2期16卷 276-290页

作者： Xu, Kui Tian, Yizhuang Bin, Lingling Xu, Hongshi Xue, Xiao Lian, Jijian Tianjin Univ State Key Lab Hydraul Engn Intelligent Construct & Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China Tianjin Normal Univ Fac Geog Tianjin 300387 Peoples R China Zhengzhou Univ Yellow River Lab Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Coll Intelligence & Comp Tianjin 300350 Peoples R China

Urban flooding is caused by multiple factors, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of society. Understanding the driving factors of urban flooding is pivotal to alleviating flood disasters. Although the effects of various factors on urban flooding have been extensively evaluated, few studies consider both interregional flood connection and interactions between driving factors. In this study, driving factors of urban flooding were analyzed based on the water tracer method and the optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD). An urban flood simulation model coupled with the water tracer method was constructed to simulate flooding. Furthermore, interregional flood volume connection was analyzed based on simulation results. Subsequently, driving force of urban flooding factors and interactions between them were quantified using the OPGD model. Taking Haidian Island in Hainan Province, China as an example, the coupled model simulation results show that sub-catchment H6 is the region experiencing the most severe flooding and sub-catchment H9 contributes the most to overall flooding in the study area. The results of subsequent driving effect analysis show that elevation is the factor with the maximum single-factor driving force (0.772) and elevation boolean AND percentage of building area is the pair of factors with the maximum two-factor driving force (0.968). In addition, the interactions between driving factors have bivariable or nonlinear enhancement effects. The interactions between two factors strengthen the influence of each factor on urban flooding. This study contributes to understanding the cause of urban flooding and provides a reference for urban flood risk mitigation.

关键词： Driving factors Hainan Optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) Urban flooding Urban flood simulation model Water tracer method

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Correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and left atrial function in non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from CMR-FT imaging

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2025年第5期41卷 869-878页

作者： Zheng, Yan Ma, Liyuan Wu, Qian Zhang, Huairong Li, Yuan Li, Rui Zhu, Li Ningxia Med Univ Gen Hosp Dept Radiol Yichuan 750004 Peoples R China Ningxia Med Univ Clin Med Coll 1 Yinchuan 750004 Peoples R China

Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (NOHCM) is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, which progressively impair left atrial (LA) function. This study evaluated the impact of LV hypertrophy and fibrosis on LA dysfunction using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and feature-tracking (FT) strain analysis in 99 NOHCM patients, who were stratified into four groups based on the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE): no fibrosis (LGE < 7%), mild fibrosis (7% <= LGE < 15%), moderate fibrosis (15% <= LGE < 30%), and severe fibrosis (LGE >= 30%). LA functional parameters, including reservoir strain (epsilon s), conduit strain (epsilon e), and pump strain (epsilon a), showed significant reductions with increasing LGE burden (P < 0.05), with functional decline detectable even in mild fibrosis cases despite preserved LV ejection fraction. LV morphological and functional indices, such as global peak wall thickness (GPWT), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), and LGE percentage, negatively correlated with LA strain metrics (r = -0.2 to -0.7, P < 0.05). Strain analysis demonstrated high reproducibility (ICC > 0.75). These findings highlight the clinical significance of CMR-FT as a sensitive and reliable tool for early detection of LA dysfunction in NOHCM patients, even before significant LV structural changes occur. The ability of CMR-FT to identify subtle changes in LA mechanics could provide valuable insights for risk stratification and guide early intervention strategies, ultimately improving clinical outcomes in this patient population.

关键词： Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) Left atrial function Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) Myocardial fibrosis

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The clay-sized Cr/Zn ratios as a lithology-constraint weathering fingerprint

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GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE 2025年 251卷

作者： Zhang, Xianming Ye, Fei Zhao, Wanfu Meng, Xianqiang Jiang, Yongjun Zhao, Wancang Southwest Univ Chongqing Key Lab Karst Environm Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Southwest Univ Sch Geog Sci Chongqing 400715 Peoples R China Minist Ecol & Environm China Nanjing Inst Environm Sci Nanjing 210042 Peoples R China Ningxia Inst Land Resources Survey & Monitor Yinchuan 750002 Ningxia Hui Aut Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol State Key Lab Lake Sci & Environm Nanjing 210008 Peoples R China

Chemical weathering of differential lithologies is the primary factor causing redistribution of the elements chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in Earth's surface. Clay-sized fractions (< 2 mu m, CSFs) as the ubiquitous weathering products play a critical role in hosting Cr and Zn. However, currently inadequate knowledge of CSFs from sedimentary rocks to soils might hamper a clear understanding regarding Cr and Zn enrichment process in the derived soils across these regions, accordingly limiting the further deciphering of Cr/Zn ratios' geochemical signals. Here we analyzed the Cr and Zn among CSFs of carbonate rocks, clastic rocks and derived saprolites. The results illustrated the Cr and Zn abundance (48.6-181.8 mg kg(-1) and 98.2-219 mg kg(-1)) in CSFs of sedimentary rocks, revealing that over 70 % Cr was constrained by phyllosilicates, while Zn dispersed among the mineral phases. These results confirmed the CSFs as the Zn and Cr-rich reservoirs in parent materials. In comparison, major Cr in CSFs remained stable during weathering, while up to 4.1-fold enrichment of Zn was observed among all clay-sized mineral phases in the saprolites derived from carbonate rocks, suggesting the Zn enrichment is linked to both the minerals-inheritance from parent rocks and secondary accumulation in CSFs. Furthermore, the comparison of Cr/Zn ratios of CSF indicated a substantial decline during the weathering of carbonate rocks (from 1.02 to 0.44), implying the Cr/Zn ratios of CSFs have potential to be a fingerprint sensitive to weathering of carbonate rocks.

关键词： Weathering Carbonate rocks Clay mineral Chromium Zinc Sequential extraction procedure

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