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Improving the hydraulic performance of aerated irrigation pipeline

PHYSICS OF FLUIDS 2025年第2期37卷

作者： Wei, Chilin Hao, Ruichao Zhu, Delan Khudayberdi, Nazarov Liu, Changxin Northwest A&F Univ Key Lab Agr Soil & Water Engn Arid & Semiarid Area Minist Educ Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwest A&F Univ Coll Water Resources & Architectural Engn Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China Northwest A&F Univ Inst Water Saving Agr Arid Areas China Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China State Agrarian Univ Fac Agrobiol Tashkent Tashkent 100140 Uzbekistan

The micro-irrigation aeration pipe network's ambiguous hydraulic characteristics are a critical factor limiting its further application in the agricultural field. To explore the variation law of hydraulic performance of a non-outlet pipe along aeration, the experiment was conducted to evaluate 24 working conditions consisting of eight kinds of aeration volume (0, 0.20, 0.42, 0.58, 0.75, 0.92, 1.08, and 1.33 m(3)/s) with three levels of pipe pressure heads (11, 17, and 22 m). On this basis, the theoretical formula of influencing factors of the head loss along the non-outlet pipe was studied using the volumetric stiffness analysis method, and the calculation method was established by combining the test data. At the same time, the hydraulic performance evaluation model of the aeration pipeline is based, and the optimal aeration irrigation condition is determined by principal component analysis. The results show that the water-gas ratio serves as a key regulating parameter in the gas-filling pipeline, and the flow coefficient can be increased by increasing the water-gas ratio, and the conveying energy of the aeration pipeline can be enhanced. The calculation model of the gas-filled pipeline's average flow, amplitude attenuation, and head loss is established. The results were satisfactory through theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The hydraulic performance of the gas-filling pipeline is better than that of other treatments when the main pressure water head was 22 m and the water-gas ratio was 1.442-3.810. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the development of aerated irrigation pipelines worldwide.

关键词： Irrigation

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Impact of Furfural Residue Combined with Desulphurized Gypsum on Saline-Alkali Soil Water-Salt and Infiltration Characteristics

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WATER 2025年第4期17卷 563-563页

作者： Shen, Jingli Cai, Jinjun Wang, Xu Fan, Liqin Wu, Xia Chen, Wenqian Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci Inst Agr Resources & Environm Yinchuan 750002 Peoples R China Natl Agr Environm Observat & Expt Stn Yinchuan Yinchuan 750002 Peoples R China Ningxia Acad Agr & Forestry Sci Inst Crop Res Yinchuan 750002 Peoples R China

The core of saline-alkali soil improvement lies in salt leaching by water and reducing alkalinity by improved materials such as acid material or desulphurized gypsum. This study conducted simulation experiments to clarify the impact of furfural residue combined with desulfurization gypsum on saline-alkali soil water-salt and infiltration characteristics in ningxia. Based on a consistent leaching water volume of 4500 m3/hm2 and a furfural residue application amount of 7.5 t/hm2, the experiment established three desulfurization gypsum application amounts of 15 t/hm2, 22.5 t/hm2, and 30 t/hm2, with a control group that received no improved materials. The effects of different application amounts of desulfurization gypsum on water and salt distributions, alkalinity, infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration volume, and wetting front of saline-alkali soil were elucidated, and the Philip infiltration model was employed to fit the variations in cumulative infiltration volume. The results indicated the following: (1) Compared to the control group, the application of furfural residue and desulfurization gypsum resulted in an average reduction of 36.7% in soil alkalinity. The enhanced hydraulic conductivity of saline-alkali soil promoted the infiltration of water into deeper soil layers. The desalination effect in the 0-60 cm soil layer was significant;however, excessive application of desulfurization gypsum could lead to the accumulation of salts in soil layers below 80 cm. (2) The downward movement depth of the wetting front, cumulative infiltration volume, and infiltration rate all demonstrated a power function relationship with the infiltration time, with a coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.97. Additionally, the infiltration rate exhibited a linear correlation with the square root of the reciprocal of infiltration time, achieving an R2 exceeding 0.99. (3) The Philip infiltration model is suitable for describing the relationship between cumulative infiltrati

关键词： moisture salinity infiltration saline-alkali soil Philip model

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Preparation, structural characterization and microencapsulation of antioxidant peptides from selenium-enriched millet

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European Food research and Technology 2025年 1-21页

作者： Liu, Yilin Li, Lin Fu, Jing College of Food Science and Engineering Ningxia University Yinchuan Ningxia750021 China

Selenium (Se)-enriched protein is the main form of Se in Se-enriched millet and has strong biological activity. In order to explore the high-value utilization of Se-enriched millet protein (SMP), this study first optimized the extraction process of SMP and determined its antioxidant activity. Alkaline protease was identified as the most suitable enzyme, and the optimal hydrolysis process was pH 10, temperature 45 ℃, time 4 h, enzyme dosage 5%. Under these conditions, the antioxidant activity of SMP hydrolysate was evaluated. The ABTS free radical scavenging rate, DPPH free radical scavenging rate and hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate reached 69.77%, 79.01% and 77.91%, respectively. The enzymatic hydrolysis solution exhibited antioxidant activity, showing a good dose-effect relationship. Then, the antioxidant activities of Se-enriched millet antioxidant peptide (SMAP) and common millet antioxidant peptide (MAP) were evaluated. The antioxidant activities of two protein peptide ultrafiltration components (SMAP I: 3 kDa © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Enzymatic hydrolysis

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An Efficiency Enhanced Semi-Quantum Private Comparison Protocol via Provenance Distinguishable W-like State

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS 2025年第4期64卷 1-10页

作者： Li, Jian Wang, Zhuo Yang, Jun Ye, Chongqiang Che, Fanting Fu, Anqi Ningxia Univ Sch Informat Engn Yinchuan 750000 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100876 Peoples R China Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun Sch Cyberspace Secur Beijing 100876 Peoples R China

Semi-quantum communication and cryptography provides a solution to meet the potential threaten caused by quantum computational power in the period of the transition from classical computation to quantum computation, so the algorithms and protocols related with Semi-quantum technology has been become a research hotpot. Though many semi-quantum private comparison protocols were proposed to deal with the privacy protection in data computation in quantum era, most of them have relatively pessimistic efficiency in communication. In our scheme, By using the method of combining two W-like states and identifying the provenance of quantum states, the efficiency of similar semi-quantum privacy comparison is effectively improved. Therefore, the efficiency of this scheme is raised to 7.134% which is doubled compared with previous protocols via this thought of introduce different provenance states. Additionally, the analysis shows that the scheme also features inside and outside security.

关键词： Secure multiparty computing Quantum communication Semi-Quantum private comparison

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Mechanism of patulin biodegradation by a reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its potential application to apple juice

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FOOD research INTERNATIONAL 2025年 206卷 116066页

作者： Yang, Chao Hu, Chen Huang, Lingxuan Peng, Bangzhu Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Huazhong Agr Univ Shenzhen Inst Nutr & Hlth Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern Agr Shenzhen BranchGenome Anal LabMinist Agr Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

Bioenzymatic degradation exhibits great potential for mycotoxins removal. So far, little is known about patulin (PAT) degrading enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, the degradation mechanism of PAT by a free methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase (FRMSR) from S. cerevisiae was investigated. The results showed that purified FRMSR had high degradability without cofactor and displayed strong substrate specificity. The optimal degradation conditions in aqueous solution were 37 degrees C and pH 7.0. Isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular docking suggested that the PAT degradation by FRMSR was related to the hydrogen bonds formed between amino acids with PAT. Site-specific mutagenesis indicated that the mutation of Asp151 had the most significant effect on the degradation rate. Furthermore, the addition of FRMSR successfully degraded 88.16 % of PAT in apple juice without affecting its soluble solids content, pH value, titrable acidity and total phenols. These findings could provide valuable insights into the development of PAT-degrading enzymes in apple products and their industrial applications.

关键词： PAT Enzyme Biodegradation Apple juice

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Identification and characterization of aldo-keto reductase responsible for patulin degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025年 478卷 143706页

作者： Yang, Chao Huang, Lingxuan Hu, Chen Yao, Jieqiong Zhou, Ting Li, Xiu-Zhen Seah, Stephen Y. K. Peng, Bangzhu Huazhong Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Technol Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Agr & Agri Food Canada Guelph Res & Dev Ctr Guelph ON N1G 5C9 Canada Univ Guelph Dept Mol & Cellular Biol Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada Huazhong Agr Univ Shenzhen Inst Nutr & Hlth Wuhan 430070 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Agr Sci Agr Genom Inst Shenzhen Genome Anal Lab Guangdong Lab Lingnan Modern AgrShenzhen BranchM Shenzhen 518000 Peoples R China

Patulin (PAT) is a hazardous mycotoxin that contaminates fruits and their products, causing significant economic losses. An aldo-keto reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScAKR) was expressed in Escherichia coli in this study. The purified ScAKR converted PAT to E-ascladiol with NADPH as a cofactor. The ScAKR exhibited a strong degradation activity on PAT and the optimal degradation conditions were pH 7 and 37 degrees C. Molecular docking and site-specific mutagenesis indicated that the amino acids in ScAKR interacting with PAT aldehyde affected the degradation effect, and the mutation of Trp298 showed the most significant effect on the degradation rate. Furthermore, ScAKR also showed a strong degradation effect on 3-keto-deoxynivalenol, a metabolite of another mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON). The findings offer new insights on the detoxification mechanism of PAT by S. cerevisiae and for the development and application of bioenzymes with broad-spectrum mycotoxin degradation properties.

关键词： Patulin Biodegradation Aldo-keto reductase Molecular docking

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Mechanistic study of ultrasound synergy with soybean 11S globulin to improve myofibrillar protein gel properties in low-salt lamb: molecular conformation and water migration

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FOOD research INTERNATIONAL 2025年 211卷 116446页

作者： Bai, Rong Xi, Jing Han, huiyu Aidana, Rakhimova Madina, Aitmagambetova Jiang, Shengqi Ye, Xiang Yang, Chunjie Wang, Siying Ding, Wu Northwest A&F Univ Coll Food Sci & Engn Yangling 712100 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The quality deterioration of low-salt meat products poses a significant technical challenge in the development of innovative meat products. This study, investigated the impact of co-sonication with soybean 11S globulin on the conformation and gel properties of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) derived from low-salt lamb. The findings revealed that ultrasound treatment for 30 min combined with 4 % soybean 11S globulin markedly improved the solubility, surface hydrophobicity, reactive sulfhydryl group content, and energy storage modulus (G') of low-salt MPs, while substantially reducing the particle size and turbidity. Ultrasound treatment induced protein depolymerization, accompanied by a structural transition from alpha-helix to beta-sheet. Furthermore, disulfide bonding and hydrophobic interactions enhanced the cross-linking and aggregation of MP with 11S globulin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis confirmed the formation of new protein aggregates (63 kDa) and macromolecules through the interaction between 11S globulin and MP. This cross-linking mechanism promoted the formation of a more compact gel network, significantly enhancing the mechanical strength and waterholding capacity of the protein gel. In conclusion, the synergistic application of ultrasound and soybean 11S globulin significantly improved the gelation properties of low-salt MP, offering a promising technological solution for the production of high-quality, low-salt meat products.

关键词： Myofibrillar protein Soybean 11S globulin Ultrasound treatment Conformational change Gelation properties

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development characteristics and quantitative analysis of cracks in root-soil complex during different growth periods under dry-wet cycles

BIOGEOTECHNICS

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BIOGEOTECHNICS 2025年第1期3卷

作者： Mao, Zhengjun Ma, Xu Geng, Mimi Wang, Munan Gao, Guangsheng Tian, Yanshan Xian Univ Sci & Technol Coll Geol & Environm Xian 710054 Peoples R China Ningxia Normal Univ Coll Math & Comp Sci Guyuan 756000 Peoples R China Ningxia Normal Univ Coll Innovat & Entrepreneurship Guyuan 756000 Peoples R China

Repeated wet swelling and dry shrinkage of soil leads to the gradual occurrence of cracks and the formation of a complex fracture network. In order to study the development characteristics and quantitative analysis of cracks in root-soil complex in different growth periods under dry-wet cycles, the alfalfa root-loess complex was investigated during different growth periods under different dry-wet cycles, and a dry-wet cycle experiment was conducted. The crack rate, relative area, average width, total length, and the cracks fractal dimension in the rootsoil complex were extracted;the crack development characteristics of plain soil were analyzed under the PGDWC (dry-wet cycle caused by plant water management during plant growth period), as well as the crack development characteristics of root-soil complex under PG-DWC and EC-DWC (the dry-wet cycles caused by extreme natural conditions such as continuous rain);the effects of plant roots and dry-wet cycles on soil cracks were discussed. The results showed that the average crack width, crack rate, relative crack area, and total crack length of the alfalfa root-loess complex were higher than those of the plain soil during PG-DWC. The result indicated that compared with plain soil during PG-DWC, the presence of plant roots in alfalfa root-soil complex in the same growth period promoted the cracks development to some extent. The alfalfa root-soil complex crack parameters during different growth periods were relatively stable during PG-DWC (0 dry-wet cycle). During ECDWC (1, 3, and 5 dry-wet cycles), the alfalfa root-loess complex crack parameters increased with the number of dry-wet cycles during different growth periods. Unlike PG-DWC, the EC-DWC accelerated crack development, and the degree of crack development increased with the number of dry-wet cycles. The existence of plant roots promoted crack development and expansion in the root-soil complex to a certain extent, and the dry-wet cycle certainly promoted crack develo

关键词： Dry-wet cycle Root-soil complex Crack Loess Alfalfa Growth period

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Antioxidant potential of peptides from poultry hemoglobin via probiotic-assisted hydrolysis: Deciphering mechanisms at the cellular level and through molecular dynamics simulations

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FOOD research INTERNATIONAL 2025年 204卷 115953页

作者： Cui, Wei Xie, Yong Zhang, Yinghui Su, Xinlian Cui, Tianqi Chen, Xingguang Wang, Zhaoming Xu, Feiran Zhou, hui Xu, Baocai Hefei Univ Technol Key Lab Anim Food Green Mfg & Resource Min Anhui P Hefei 230009 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Sch Food & Biol Engn 420 Feicui Rd Hefei 230601 Anhui Peoples R China China Agr Univ Coll Food Sci & Nutr Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Achieving the therapeutic goal of treating diseases by effectively controlling the excessive accumulation of intracellular free radicals is still very challenging, which motivates researchers to develop efficient novel antioxidant peptides from sustainable resources continuously. This study first pioneered a probiotic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis of hemoglobin, which obtained 149 peptides. Two antioxidant peptides were rapidly screened using advanced molecular dynamics simulation techniques, revealing their molecular interaction mechanisms with Keap1. It was found that GLWGKV occupied six binding sites for Keap1 to form hydrogen bonds with Nrf2, whereas LIVYPW occupied two binding sites, and the binding free energy of GLWGKV to Keap1 was lower binding more stable. Cellular experiments confirmed that GLWGKV up-regulated the expression of related proteins and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby attenuating H2O2-induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells. This research increases the economic added value of animal blood and demonstrates its great potential for development in functional foods.

关键词： Hemoglobin peptides Antioxidant Molecular dynamics simulations Keap1/Nrf2 pathway Caco-2 cell

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Electrocatalytic removal of Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) in water: "Buttering on both Sides"

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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY 2025年 368卷

作者： Yang, Boxuan Zeng, Yuxin Guo, Tao Lin, Yuanzhong Yin, Lifeng Hua, Qingsong Beijing Normal Univ Sch Environm State Key Lab Water Environm Simulat Beijing 100875 Peoples R China Beijing Normal Univ Coll Nucl Sci & Technol Key Lab Beam Technol Minist Educ Beijing 100875 Peoples R China

Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA), an emerging persistent pollutant, has been prevalently utilized as an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Analogous to PFOA, HFPO - DA presents remarkable resistance against degradation by conventional technologies. In this study, we prepared Ce doped PbO2 anode (Ce-PbO2) and paired it with cathode to form redox system for the degradation of HFPO-DA in water. The results showed that the degradation rate of HFPO-DA over Ce-PbO2 was as high as 1.67 x 10- 2 min- 1, much higher than that of Boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD, 6.84 x 10-3 min- 1). The Ce-PbO2 anode also has the theoretical lifetime as high as 82.7 years. Free radical quenching experiments indicated that both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reductive radicals contributed to the degradation of HFPO-DA. These degradation reactions start from a direct electron transfer, followed by electroreduction and a series of free radical reactions including decarboxylation, ether bond cleavage, and the "4A" processes (generation of Alkyl radicals, Alcohols, Acyl fluorides, and Acids in sequence) until it is decomposed into small molecules. Meanwhile, new intermediates (CF3CF2CF2OCF3CH center dot) generated by cathodic H center dot are dominating the reductive reaction during the electrochemical process. This "buttering bread on both sides" redox mechanism deepens the understanding of the degradation process of HFPO-DA and provides an efficient treatment strategy.

关键词： HFPO-DA Electrooxidation Electroreduction Ce doped PbO2 Redox radicals

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