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Synergistic effect of oxygen-deficient Ni3V2O8@carbon nanotubes-modified separator for advanced lithium-sulfur batteries

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RARE METALS 2025年第3期44卷 1632-1648页

作者： Pan, Zheng-Dao Wang, Zhou-Lu Rao, Xing-You Liu, Xiang Zhang, Yi Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Energy Sci & Engn Nanjing 211816 Peoples R China

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have attracted widespread attention due to their high theoretical energy density. However, the dissolution of long-chain polysulfides into the electrolyte (the "shuttle effect") leads to rapid capacity decay. Therefore, finding suitable materials to mitigate the shuttle effect of polysulfides is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this study, LSBs' separator is modified with Ni3V2O8 nanoparticles@carboxylated carbon nanotubes (Ni3V2O8@CNTs) composite. There are abundant oxygen vacancies in Ni3V2O8@CNTs composite which plays a synergistic effect on shuttle effect. The Ni3V2O8 can tightly anchor soluble polysulfides through oxygen vacancies, while the CNTs not only facilitate the transport of ions and electrons but also weaken the migration of polysulfides, limiting shuttle effect. As a result, the cycling stability of LSBs using Ni3V2O8@CNTs-modified separator has been significantly improved (with a capacity decay rate of only 0.0334% after 1500 cycles at 4.0C). This study proposes a strategy to design modified separator for high-performance LSBs.

关键词： Lithium-sulfur batteries Separator Ni3V2O8 Oxygen vacancy Shuttle effect

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Modeling study of wake cavitation characteristics of DTMB propeller based on numerical computation

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART M-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR THE MARITIME ENVIRONMENT 2025年第2期239卷 340-349页

作者： Wu, Chengkun Zhu, Zhifeng Cai, Bohua Yao, Yong Anhui Univ Technol Sch Elect & Informat Engn Maxiang Rd Maanshan 243032 Anhui Peoples R China Anhui Fcar Elect Technol Co Ltd Technol Res & Dev Ctr Manansan Peoples R China

Based on the RANS method using unstructured grids, numerical simulations of cavitation on the DTMB propeller under uniform inflow conditions were conducted. Through numerical studies of pressure pulsations under different cavitation numbers, it was found that at low cavitation numbers, the pressure fluctuations become irregular with higher amplitude and increased noise. As the cavitation number increases, the pressure tends to stabilize and exhibits periodic fluctuations. Two linear regression models were constructed by the correlation analyzing between the spectral characteristics of the pressure pulsation signals and the operating conditions. The model for the rotational speed and shaft frequency amplitude of the 4381 propeller indicates that the amplitude of the second harmonic of the shaft frequency increases with the advance coefficient. The model for the skew angle and the fourth harmonic amplitude shows that an increase in the skew angle leads to a gradual increase in the amplitude of the fourth harmonic.

关键词： DTMB propeller RANS linear regression numerical computation cavitation characteristics modeling

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UTE-CrackNet: transformer-guided and edge feature extraction U-shaped road crack image segmentation

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VISUAL COMPUTER 2025年第4期41卷 2271-2283页

作者： Zhou, Huaping Deng, Bin Sun, Kelei Zhang, Shunxiang Zhang, Yongqi Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Sch Comp Sci & Engn Huainan 232001 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Affiliated Hosp 1 Huainan 232001 Peoples R China

Cracks in the road surface can cause significant harm. Road crack detection, segmentation, and immediate repair can help reduce the occurrence of risks. Some methods based on convolutional neural networks still have some problems, such as fuzzy edge information, small receptive fields, and insufficient perception ability of local information. To solve the above problems, this paper offers UTE-CrackNet, a novel road crack segmentation network that attempts to increase the generalization ability and segmentation accuracy of road crack segmentation networks. To begin, our design combines the U-shaped structure that enables the model to learn more features. Given the lack of skip connections, we designed the multi-convolution coordinate attention block to reduce semantic differences in cascaded features and the gated residual attention block to get more local features. Because most fractures have strip characteristics, we propose the transformer edge atlas spatial pyramid pooling module, which innovatively applies the transformer module and edge detection module to the network so that the network can better capture the edge information and context information of the fracture area. In addition, we use focus loss in training to solve the problem of positive and negative sample imbalances. Experiments were conducted on four publicly available road crack segmentation datasets: Rissbilder, GAPS384, CFD, and CrackTree200. The experimental results reveal that the network outperforms the standard road fracture segmentation models. The code and models are publicly available at https://***/mushan0929/UTE-crackNet.

关键词： Road crack segmentation Semantic segmentation U-shaped structure Transformer Edge detection

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Experimental study on the dynamic wetting of silica nanofluids

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JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2025年第4期46卷 591-600页

作者： Zhang, Junfeng Xue, Changguo Zhou, Ziyu Tan, Yuanhang Chen, Liuyang Xie, Atian Liu, Song Wu, Shangquan Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Huainan Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Mech Behav & Design Mat Hefei Peoples R China

Nanofluids are recently discovered nanomaterials with improved thermophysical properties that can enhance the efficiency and reliability of heat transfer systems. Their relevant properties for describing heat transfer, thin film flows, droplet impingements, or microfluidics are surface tension and wettability. A thorough investigation on this topic of research is crucial to understand the root cause of the factors affecting the degree of wetting of nanofluids on solid surfaces. In the present work, silica (SiO2) nanofluids with different mass fractions and types of surfactants based on deionized water were prepared using a simple and cheap two-step method. The effect of surface tension changes on the lateral friction force of the nanofluid was studied using a solid-liquid interface lateral friction force detection system. According to the findings, an increase in the mass fraction of silica nanoparticles led to the larger surface tension of the nanofluid, resulting in a linear decrease in the lateral friction of the latter on the hydrophobic surface of PDMS. The use of ionic surfactants as dispersants caused a dramatic decrease in surface tension and static angle of SiO2 nanofluid (by 20% and 30% after adding SDS and by 40% and 50% after adding CTAB, respectively). This exerted a noticeable impact on the lateral friction force of the fluid. On the contrary, polymeric surfactants (NaPSS) had a small effect on the lateral friction of SiO(2 )nanofluid. Meanwhile, the lateral friction after stable motion differed from the maximum static friction to a small extent. [GRAPHICS]

关键词： Nanofluid lateral friction force dynamic wettability active regulation surfactant

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Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy for Commercial Vehicle Permanent Magnet Water Pump Motor Based on Improved Sparrow Algorithm

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APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2024年第21期14卷 9666页

作者： Pei, Wenjun Xiao, Ping Pan, Jiabao Li, Zhihao Lv, Aoning Anhui Polytech Univ Anhui Prov Key Lab Intelligent Car Wire Controlled Wuhu 241000 Peoples R China Anhui Polytech Univ Sch Mech & Automot Engn Wuhu 241000 Peoples R China Univ Bridgeport Sch Engn Bridgeport CT 06604 USA

In order to achieve multi-objective optimization for a permanent magnet water pump motor in heavy commercial vehicles, we propose a strategy based on response-surface methodology and the improved sparrow algorithm (CGE-SSA). Firstly, the output capacity of the pump during actual operation was tested with an experimental bench to determine the design parameters of the motor, and then its modeling was completed using Ansys Maxwell 2022r2 software. Secondly, the response-surface model was established by taking the parameters of permanent magnet width, rib width, and slot width as optimization parameters and the output torque (Ta), torque ripple (Tr), and back electromotive force (EMF) amplitude as optimization objectives. Meanwhile, three methods-namely, circular sinusoidal chaotic mapping, improved golden sinusoidal strategy, and adaptive weight coefficients-were used to improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Finally, the multi-objective optimization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor was completed using the improved sparrow algorithm. A comparative analysis of the motor's output before and after optimization showed that the torque pulsation and reverse electromotive force of the motor were significantly improved after optimization.

关键词： improved sparrow algorithm permanent magnet pump motor multi-objective optimization operating condition analysis

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Detection of organic dyes using Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate produced via sandpaper template-assisted lithography and liquid-liquid interface self-assembly

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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2024年第4期416卷 1047-1056页

作者： Tan, Yuanhang Zhou, Ziyu Xu, Yiting Xie, Atian Wu, Shangquan Xue, Changguo Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Huainan 232001 Anhui Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China CAS Key Lab Mech Behav & Design Mat Hefei 230026 Peoples R China

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive and reliable fingerprinting technique. However, its analytical capability is closely related to the quality of a SERS substrate used for the analysis. In particular, conventional colloidal substrates possess disadvantages in terms of controllability, stability, and reproducibility, which limit their application. In order to address these issues, a simple, cost-effective, and efficient SERS substrate based on silver nanoparticle arrays (Ag NPAs) and sandpaper-molded polydimethylsiloxane (SMP) was proposed in this work. Successfully prepared via template lithography and liquid-liquid interface self-assembly (LLISA), the substrate can be applied to the specific detection of organic dyes in the environment. The substrate exhibited good SERS performance, and the limit of detection (LOD) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) was shown to be 10-7 M under the optimal conditions (1000 grit sandpaper) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 7.76%. Moreover, the SERS signal intensity was maintained at 60% of the initial intensity after the substrate was stored for 30 days. In addition, the Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate was also employed to detect crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) with the LODs of 10-6 M and 10-7 M, respectively. In summary, the Ag NPAs/SMP SERS substrate prepared in this study has great potential for the detection of organic dyes in ecological environments.

关键词： Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Liquid-liquid interface self-assembly Sandpaper Silver nanoparticle arrays Polydimethylsiloxane Organic dyes

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A chaotic strong transition effect ring oscillator PUF with effective immunity to modeling attacks

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MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL 2025年 157卷

作者： Bian, Jingchang Du, Xingchen Lu, Yingchun Yan, Aibin Liang, Huaguo Huang, Zhengfeng Hefei Univ Technol Sch Microelect Hefei Peoples R China

Although the rapid development of information technology has brought unprecedented convenience and revolutionary changes to human lifestyles, it has also led to serious privacy and security issues. Massive amounts of sensitive information are exchanged within cyber-physical systems (CPS), and the storage and authentication processes of this information are highly susceptible to the attention of malicious attackers. Strong physical unclonable function (PUF) is a crucial hardware security primitive for identity authentication in lightweight internet of things (IoT) devices. However, most of the existing strong PUFs have failed to resist advanced modeling attacks based on machine learning. The paper proposes a chaotic strong transition effect ring oscillator (CS-TERO) PUF, which combines the nonlinearity of strong TERO and the unpredictability of chaotic design to resist modeling attacks. The strong PUF feature is achieved through configurable dual XOR gates and extended TERO chains. Chaotic operations are performed by obfuscating challenges using logical mapping functions. Experimental results demonstrate that the CS-TERO PUF successfully resists state-of-the-art modeling attacks, and the accuracy of all attacks is below 70 %. Compared to other modeling attack-resilient PUFs, our CS-TERO PUF requires fewer hardware resources, saving almost 25 % of area overhead compared to the most lightweight solutions. Additionally, the CS-TERO PUF demonstrates a reliability of 98.27 %, uniqueness of 53.65 %, and uniformity of 49.26 %, reaching an advanced strong PUF application standard. Furthermore, the randomness has also passed the internationally accredited NIST 800-22 S P test.

关键词： Hardware security Physical unclonable function Chaotic mapping Modeling attack

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Construction of S-scheme cyano-modified g-C3N4/TiO2 film with boosted charge transfer and highly hydrophilic surface for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第3期206卷 74-87页

作者： Wei Gan Ruixin Chen Li Zhang Jun Guo Miao Zhang Yuqing Lu Zhaoqi Sun Xucheng Fu College of Materials and Chemical Engineering West Anhui UniversityLu'an 237015China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China College of Materials and Chemical Engineering West Anhui UniversityLu'an 237015China School of Electronic Engineering Huainan Normal University Huainan 232038China

Developing highly efficient and recyclable photocatalysts has been regarded as an attractive strategy to solve antibiotic ***,we designed and fabricated Cy-C3N4/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction film with boosted charge transfer and a highly hydrophilic *** as-prepared heterojunction ex-hibited outstanding removal efficiency on tetracyclines and fluoroquinolone antibiotics(more than 80％within 90 min).The removal rate of 300-Cy-C3N4/TiO2 on norfloxacin(NOR)was 2.12,and 1.59 times higher than that of pristine TiO2,C3N4/TiO2,*** excellent photocatalytic performance of 300-Cy-C3N4/TiO2 was attributed to the highly hydrophilic surface and effective transfer and separation of ***,the NOR degradation pathways were proposed based on the results of density func-tional theory(DFT),and liquid chromatography-mass *** toxicity assessment indicated the toxicity of intermediates can be remarkably *** DFT calculation and selective photo-deposition experiment demonstrated that an internal electric field was formed at the heterojunction interface,and the charge carriers migrated between Cy-C3N4 and TiO2 following an S-scheme transfer *** research not only provides a promising method for tracking charge distribution on thin-film heterojunc-tion photocatalysts but also helps us to design high-efficiency,and recyclable heterojunctions to solve antibiotic contaminants.

关键词： Cyano group Carbon nitride Norfloxacin DFT calculation S-scheme heterojunction

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Understanding and research progress on the initial coulombic efficiency of silicon-based anodes in lithium-ion batteries

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JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2024年 973卷

作者： Cheng, Long Wang, Zhoulu Wang, Tiantian Wu, Yutong Liu, Xiang Zhang, Yi Nanjing Tech Univ Sch Energy Sci & Engn Nanjing 211816 Jiangsu Provinc Peoples R China

Developing high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries is crucial to meet the increasingly demanding energy storage requirements. The initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) is directly related to the loading of the cathode in the full cell and is a key parameter for improving the energy density of the battery. Silicon-based anode materials, due to their high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, are considered advanced alternatives to graphite anodes. However, major challenges such as short cycle life and low Coulombic efficiency significantly hinder their practical application. This paper analyzes the reasons for the low ICE of silicon-based anodes and summarizes the recent progress in effective strategies to enhance ICE, including electrode material design, optimization of binders and electrolytes, and prelithiation. Finally, we highlight the challenges and issues associated with methods to enhance ICE, aiming to further improve ICE and develop batteries with higher energy density.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Si Anode initial Coulombic efficiency

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Fixed-time adaptive sliding mode-based active rollover prevention control of automated guided vehicles via improved super-twisting observer

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING 2025年第4期239卷 714-728页

作者： Liu, Tiankuo Kong, Huifang Zhang, Xiaoxue Fang, Yao Zhang, Qian Hefei Univ Technol Sch Elect Engn & Automat Tunxi Rd Hefei 230009 Anhui Peoples R China

As an important component of automated guided vehicle (AGV) active safety systems, the active rollover prevention (ARP) control has been widely studied. In this paper, a fixed-time adaptive sliding mode (FTASM) control strategy based on nested adaptive law (NAL) and improved super-twisting observer (ISTO) is developed for the AGV. Firstly, the lateral and roll motion dynamics of AGV are established, and the ARP problem is transformed into the yaw stability control with constraints. Subsequently, a faster fixed-time stable system-based FTASM composite controller is proposed to guarantee a fixed and faster convergence time of the yaw rate tracking error, such that the rollover stability will reach a region of permissible risk. The adoption of NAL enables the adaptive controller to automatically search the minimum switching gain satisfying the reaching condition of sliding mode, thus the conservative assumption constraint of the disturbance upper bound is released. In addition, an ISTO is developed to estimate the unknown disturbance to further improve the control robustness and attenuate the control chattering. The closed-loop stability analysis is rigorously given by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the performance of the proposed control strategy is validated by hardware-in-loop simulations with Adams and Matlab software and an actual steer-by-wire plant.

关键词： Fixed-time convergence adaptive sliding mode super twisting observer active rollover prevention

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