Scientific visualization aims to devise algorithms and methods that transform massive scientific data sets into pictures and other graphic representations that facilitate comprehension and interpretation. Scientists w...
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Scientific visualization aims to devise algorithms and methods that transform massive scientific data sets into pictures and other graphic representations that facilitate comprehension and interpretation. Scientists want to study the essential dynamics of objects and their evolution;they want to describe them for controlled time periods, thus obtaining partial, and therefore simpler, mathematical solutions to the original problem. Unfortunately, even this is a daunting task because the amount of data generated is overwhelming. This article describes basic algorithms to extract coherent amorphous regions (features or objects) from two- and three-dimensional scalar and vector fields and then track them in a series of consecutive time steps. The authors use a combination of techniques from computer vision, image processing, computer graphics, and computational geometry and apply them to data sets from computational fluid dynamics. These techniques can reduce ''visual clutter'' and provide the first step to quantifying observable phenomena.
The Desk Area Network was proposed as an architecture suitable for a multimedia workstation. This paper describes how the architecture has evolved and the demonstration workstation that has been constructed.
The Desk Area Network was proposed as an architecture suitable for a multimedia workstation. This paper describes how the architecture has evolved and the demonstration workstation that has been constructed.
A new concept of an integrative graphic subroutine package is devised and this concept is realized concretely as a package ARGUS-V4. The basic idea is that any single graphic procedure is composed of three elementary ...
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A new concept of an integrative graphic subroutine package is devised and this concept is realized concretely as a package ARGUS-V4. The basic idea is that any single graphic procedure is composed of three elementary processes, i.e., registration of a graphic data set, processing of the data to match with the required graphic format and plotting of the graph. The package based upon the concept contains various subroutines clearly classified according to the above elementary processes. By using the package graphic procedures in scientific or engineering programs can be coded very easily and the programs become intelligible. As the package ARGUS-V4 is written in the standard FORTRAN 77 language and uses only basic plotting subroutines in the CALCOMP library, it can be installed with a few alterations in various computer systems.
Symmetry can be widely found in natural phenomenon. Regular polygons and polyhedra are the most basic and important symmetrical structures in 2D and 3D Euclidean space. Four-dimensional regular polytopes (4-RPs) are t...
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Symmetry can be widely found in natural phenomenon. Regular polygons and polyhedra are the most basic and important symmetrical structures in 2D and 3D Euclidean space. Four-dimensional regular polytopes (4-RPs) are the 4D analogs of regular polyhedra in three dimensions and regular polygons in two dimensions. After introducing the fundamental root systems of 4-RPs, this article presents three interesting methods to visualize 4-RPs using a fundamental region algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
The initial interaction between the CoIE1 plasmid specific transcripts RNA I and RNA II, which function as antisense regulators of plasmid replication, comprises a transient complex between complementary loops found w...
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The initial interaction between the CoIE1 plasmid specific transcripts RNA I and RNA II, which function as antisense regulators of plasmid replication, comprises a transient complex between complementary loops found within the RNA secondary structures. Multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterize complexes formed between model RNA hairpins having seven nucleotide complementary loops. Seven base pairs are formed in the loop-loop helix, with continuous helical stacking of the loop residues on the 3' side of their helical stems. A sharp bend in the loop-loop helix, documented by gel electrophoresis, narrows the major groove and allows bridging of the phosphodiester backbones across the major groove in order to close the hairpin loops at their 5'-ends. The bend is further enhanced by the binding of Rom, a ColE1 encoded protein that regulates replication.
With the development of motion capture technologies, 3D action recognition has become a popular task that finds great applicability in many areas, such as augmented reality, human-computer interaction, sports, or heal...
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With the development of motion capture technologies, 3D action recognition has become a popular task that finds great applicability in many areas, such as augmented reality, human-computer interaction, sports, or healthcare. On the other hand, the acquisition of 3D human skeleton data is an expensive and time-consuming process, mainly due to the high costs of capturing technologies and the absence of suitable actors. We overcome these issues by focusing on the 2D skeleton modality that can be easily extracted from ordinary videos. The objective of this work is to demonstrate a high descriptive power of such a 2D skeleton modality by achieving accuracy on the task of daily action recognition competitive to 3D skeleton data. More importantly, we thoroughly analyze the factors that significantly influence the 2D recognition accuracy, such as the sensitivity towards data normalization, scaling, quantization, and 3D-to-2D distortions in skeleton orientations and sizes, which are caused by the loss of depth dimension and fixed-angle camera view. We also provide valuable insights on how to mitigate these problems to increase recognition accuracy significantly. The experimental evaluation is conducted on three datasets different in nature. The ability to learn different types of actions better using either 2D or 3D skeletons is also reported. Throughout experiments, a generic light-weight LSTM network is used, whose architecture can be easily tuned to achieve the desired trade-off between its accuracy and efficiency. We show that the proposed approach achieves not only the state-of-the-art results in 2D skeleton action recognition but is also highly competitive to the best-performing methods classifying 3D skeleton sequences or the visual content extracted from ordinary videos.
Many graph-drawing methods apply node-clustering techniques based on edge density to find tightly connected subgraphs and then hierarchically visualize the clustered graphs. The proposed graph visualization technique ...
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Many graph-drawing methods apply node-clustering techniques based on edge density to find tightly connected subgraphs and then hierarchically visualize the clustered graphs. The proposed graph visualization technique for attribute-embedded graphs separately visualizes the key nodes by accounting for a combination of connections and attributes.
Data visualization and analytics research has great potential to empower people to improve their lives. Aiming to design a visualization system to help nonexperts gain and communicate their personal data insights, the...
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Data visualization and analytics research has great potential to empower people to improve their lives. Aiming to design a visualization system to help nonexperts gain and communicate their personal data insights, the authors examined the insights people draw from their personal data and how they communicate them.
Fundamental chemical transformations for biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and nitrogen are catalyzed by sulfite and nitrite reductases. The crystallographic structure of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein ...
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Fundamental chemical transformations for biogeochemical cycling of sulfur and nitrogen are catalyzed by sulfite and nitrite reductases. The crystallographic structure of Escherichia coli sulfite reductase hemoprotein (SiRHP), which catalyzes the concerted six-electron reductions of sulfite to sulfide and nitrite to ammonia, was solved with multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) of the native siroheme and Fe4S4 cluster cofactors, multiple isomorphous replacement, and selenomethionine sequence markers. Twofold symmetry within the 84-kilodalton polypeptide generates a distinctive three-domain alpha/beta fold that controls cofactor assembly and reactivity. Homology regions conserved between the symmetry-related halves of SiRHP and among other sulfite and nitrite reductases revealed key residues for stability and function, and identified a sulfite or nitrite reductase repeat (SNiRR) common to a redox-enzyme superfamily. The saddle-shaped siroheme shares a cysteine thiolate ligand with the Fe4S4 cluster and ligates an unexpected phosphate anion. In the substrate complex, sulfite displaces phosphate and binds to siroheme iron through sulfur. An extensive hydrogen-bonding network of positive side chains, water molecules, and siroheme carboxylates activates S-O bonds for reductive cleavage.
The merging of ever-burgeoning computing facilities and a variety of useful input and sensing devices is revolutionizing the paradigm of ubiquitous computing. Digital content creation applications previously dominant ...
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The merging of ever-burgeoning computing facilities and a variety of useful input and sensing devices is revolutionizing the paradigm of ubiquitous computing. Digital content creation applications previously dominant only on desktop computers are rapidly emerging on mobile computing platforms in response to the ongoing additions of inbuilt sensors on mobile devices. Specifically, mobile content creation has become more viable as a result of improvements in raw and graphical processing speeds, storage capacity, interaction techniques, and networking speeds. However, many fundamental challenges remain to be investigated to provide a more natural experience to both casual and professional content creators. This article introduces mobile content creation and then provides an overview of the current state of the art in the use of inbuilt sensors and input devices in a typical content production activity. Major challenges and future directions of using mobile devices with inbuilt sensors for digital content creation are presented as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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