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Codelivery of sorafenib and GPC3 siRNA with PEI-modified liposomes for hepatoma therapy

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE 2017年第12期5卷 2468-2479页

作者： Sun, Weitong Wang, Yong Cai, Mingyue Lin, Liteng Chen, Xiaoyan Cao, Zhong Zhu, Kangshun Shuai, Xintao Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn PCFM Lab Minist Educ Guangzhou 510275 Guangdong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Sch Engn Dept Biomed Engn Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong Peoples R China Guangzhou Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Minimally Invas Intervent Radiol Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China Guangzhou Med Univ Affiliated Hosp 2 Dept Radiol Guangzhou Guangdong Peoples R China

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies imposing a serious threat to human health worldwide. To date, the effect of HCC chemotherapy has been limited due to drug resistance. Combination therapy of chemotherapeutic drugs and siRNA represents an emerging strategy that may improve anticancer effects by synergistic actions. The current study was aimed at achieving better HCC treatment via combination therapy, in which PEI-modified liposomes prepared by a thin-film hydration method were used to codeliver sorafenib (SF) and siRNA targeting GPC3 gene (siGPC3). Under optimized experimental conditions, SF and siGPC3 were effectively loaded into liposomes (SF-PL/ siGPC3). SF-PL/siGPC3 with selected sizes and zeta potentials effectively accumulated at tumor sites and entered HCC cells. The two codelivered therapeutic agents exerted good anticancer effects by jointly suppressing the expression of the anti-apoptotic GPC3 gene and the proliferative cyclin D1 gene in HCC. Consequently, the intravenous injection of SF-PL/siGPC3 into nude mice bearing subcutaneous human HepG2 xenografts effectively inhibited tumor growth and also increased the survival rates of animals. These results revealed the great potential of the PEI-modified liposomal nanomedicine carrying SF and siGPC3 to improve HCC treatment.

关键词： Hepatocellular Cancer human health bcl-1 Genes Combined Modality Therapy Pharmaceutical Preparations Small Interfering RNA Nude Mice sorafenib Survival Rate Liposomes GPC3 gene human-centered computing

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Positive Affective Interactions: The Role of Repeated Exposure and Copresence

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE computing 2013年第2期4卷 226-237页

作者： Shahid, Suleman Krahmer, Emiel Neerincx, Mark Swerts, Marc Tilburg Univ Tilburg Ctr Cognit & Commun NL-5000 LE Tilburg Netherlands TNO Human Factors NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands

We describe and evaluate a new interface to induce positive emotions in users: a digital, interactive adaptive mirror. We study whether the induced affect is repeatable after a fixed interval (Study 1) and how copresence influences the emotion induction (Study 2). Results show that participants systematically feel more positive after an affective mirror session, that this effect is repeatable, and stronger when a friend is copresent.

关键词： human-centered computing user interfaces evaluation/methodology positive emotions laughter and physical copresence

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What I Don't Like about You?: A Systematic Review of Impeding Aspects for the Usage of Conversational Agents

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INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2024年第5期36卷 293-312页

作者： Hennekeuser, Darius Vaziri, Daryoush Golchinfar, David Stevens, Gunnar Univ Appl Sci Bonn Rhein Sieg Dept Business Adm Grantham-Allee 20 D-53757 St Augustin Germany Univ Siegen Dept IT Secur Adolf Reichwein Str 2a D-57076 Siegen Germany

The application and use cases for conversational agents (CAs) are versatile. Smart speakers such as Alexa and Google Home are used in smart home environments, digital agents are integrated into car systems and chatbots are increasingly used in customer service processes. However, human-computer interaction researchers identify and investigate a wide-ranging variety of aspects impeding the usage of CAs by end-users. In general, impediments differ depending on use case contexts, user group characteristics and the CA's technological infrastructure. Hence, it is difficult and often ambiguous for designers and developers to generate an appropriate awareness about aspects impeding CA usage. We address this problem, by conducting a systematic review of 65 publications surveying impeding aspects of the usage of CAs.

关键词： human computer interaction (HCI) HCI design and evaluation methods interaction design human-centered computing natural language interfaces

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Image or Information? Examining the Nature and Impact of Visualization Perceptual Classification

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第1期30卷 1030-1040页

作者： Arunkumar, Anjana Padilla, Lace Bae, Gi-Yeul Bryan, Chris Arizona State Univ Tempe AZ 85281 USA Northeastern Univ Boston MA USA

How do people internalize visualizations: as images or information? In this study, we investigate the nature of internalization for visualizations (i.e., how the mind encodes visualizations in memory) and how memory encoding affects its retrieval. This exploratory work examines the influence of various design elements on a user's perception of a chart. Specifically, which design elements lead to perceptions of visualization as an image (aims to provide visual references, evoke emotions, express creativity, and inspire philosophic thought) or as information (aims to present complex data, information, or ideas concisely and promote analytical thinking)? Understanding how design elements contribute to viewers perceiving a visualization more as an image or information will help designers decide which elements to include to achieve their communication goals. For this study, we annotated 500 visualizations and analyzed the responses of 250 online participants, who rated the visualizations on a bilinear scale as 'image' or 'information.' We then conducted an in-person study (n = 101) using a free recall task to examine how the image/information ratings and design elements impacted memory. The results revealed several interesting findings: Image-rated visualizations were perceived as more aesthetically 'appealing,' 'enjoyable,' and 'pleasing.' Information-rated visualizations were perceived as less 'difficult to understand' and more aesthetically 'likable' and 'nice,' though participants expressed higher 'positive' sentiment when viewing image-rated visualizations and felt less 'guided to a conclusion.' The presence of axes and text annotations heavily influenced the likelihood of participants rating the visualization as 'information.' We also found different patterns among participants that were older. Importantly, we show that visualizations internalized as 'images' are less effective in conveying trends and messages, though they elicit a more positive emotional judgment,

关键词： Data visualization Visualization Task analysis Economics Sports Meteorology Geology Information Visualization human-centered computing Perception & Cognition Takeaways

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Ultrasmall Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobe Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY 2017年第11期28卷 2794-2803页

作者： Chen, Yan Zhou, Quan Li, Xue Wang, Fa Heist, Kevin Kuick, Rork Owens, Scott R. Wang, Thomas D. Univ Michigan Dept Internal Med Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Biomed Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Radiol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Biostat Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Pathol Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Michigan Dept Mech Engn Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common worldwide cancer that is rising rapidly in incidence. MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging modality for HCC detection, but lack of specific contrast agents limits visualization of small tumors. EGFR is frequently overexpressed in HCC and is a promising target. Peptides have fast binding kinetics, short circulatory half-life, low imaging background, high vascular permeability, and enhanced tissue diffusion for deep tumor penetration. We demonstrate a peptide specific for EGFR labeled with an ultrasmall paramagnetic iron oxide (UPIO) nanoparticle with 3.5 nm dimensions to target HCC using T-1-weighted MRI. We modified the hydrophobic core with oleic acid and capped with PEGylated phospholipids DSPE-PEG and DSPE-PEG-Mal. The EGFR peptide is attached via thioether-mediated conjugation of a GGGSC linker to the maleimide-terminated phospholipids. On in-vivo MR images of HCC xenograft tumors, we observed peak nanoprobe uptake at 2 h post-injection followed by a rapid return to baseline by similar to 24 h. We measured significantly greater MR signal in tumor with the targeted nanoprobe versus scrambled peptide, blocked peptide, and Gadoteridol. Segmented regions on MR images support rapid renal clearance. No significant difference in animal weight, necropsy, hematology, and chemistry was found between treatment and control groups at one month post-injection. Our nanoprobe based on an EGFR specific peptide labeled with UPIO designed for high stability and biocompatibility showed rapid tumor uptake and systemic clearance to demonstrate safety and promise for clinical translation to detect early HCC.

关键词： Peptides Magnetic Resonance Hepatocellular Cancer Tumours ferric oxide Growth Factor Receptors NANOPROBE human-centered computing ErbB Receptors

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Efficient and Accurate Semi-Automatic Neuron Tracing with Extended Reality

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第11期30卷 7299-7309页

作者： Chen, Jie Yuan, Zexin Xi, Jiaqi Gao, Ziqin Li, Ying Zhu, Xiaoqiang Shi, Yun Stone Guan, Frank Wang, Yimin Guangdong Inst Intelligent Sci & Technol Guangzhou Peoples R China Shanghai Univ Shanghai Peoples R China Singapore Inst Technol Singapore Singapore

Neuron tracing, alternately referred to as neuron reconstruction, is the procedure for extracting the digital representation of the three-dimensional neuronal morphology from stacks of microscopic images. Achieving accurate neuron tracing is critical for profiling the neuroanatomical structure at single-cell level and analyzing the neuronal circuits and projections at whole-brain scale. However, the process often demands substantial human involvement and represents a nontrivial task. Conventional solutions towards neuron tracing often contend with challenges such as non-intuitive user interactions, suboptimal data generation throughput, and ambiguous visualization. In this paper, we introduce a novel method that leverages the power of extended reality (XR) for intuitive and progressive semi-automatic neuron tracing in real time. In our method, we have defined a set of interactors for controllable and efficient interactions for neuron tracing in an immersive environment. We have also developed a GPU-accelerated automatic tracing algorithm that can generate updated neuron reconstruction in real time. In addition, we have built a visualizer for fast and improved visual experience, particularly when working with both volumetric images and 3D objects. Our method has been successfully implemented with one virtual reality (VR) headset and one augmented reality (AR) headset with satisfying results achieved. We also conducted two user studies and proved the effectiveness of the interactors and the efficiency of our method in comparison with other approaches for neuron tracing.

关键词： Neurons Image reconstruction Accuracy Manuals Visualization Extended reality Three-dimensional displays Extended Reality Neuron Tracing human-centered computing Eye Tracking

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Collaborative Sense-Making in Genomic Research: The Role of Visualisation

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2022年第12期28卷 4477-4489页

作者： Rittenbruch, Markus Vella, Kellie Brereton, Margot Hogan, James M. Johnson, Daniel Heinrich, Julian O'Donoghue, Sean Queensland Univ Technol Brisbane Qld 4000 Australia Bayer Crop Sci D-400607 Leverkusen Germany Garvan Inst Med Res Sydney NSW 2000 Australia

Genomic research emerges from collaborative work within and across different scientific disciplines. A diverse range of visualisation techniques has been employed to aid this research, yet relatively little is known as to how these techniques facilitate collaboration. We conducted a case study of collaborative research within a biomedical institute to learn more about the role visualisation plays in genomic mapping. Interviews were conducted with molecular biologists (N = 5) and bioinformaticians (N = 6). We found that genomic research comprises a variety of distinct disciplines engaged in complex analytic tasks that each resist simplification, and their complexity influences how visualisations were used. Visualisation use was impacted by group-specific interactions and temporal work patterns. Visualisations were also crucial to the scientific workflow, used for both question formation and confirmation of hypotheses, and acted as an anchor for the communication of ideas and discussion. In the latter case, two approaches were taken: providing collaborators with either interactive or static imagery representing a viewpoint. The use of generic software for simplified visualisations, and quick production and curation was also noted. We discuss these findings with reference to group-specific interactions and present recommendations for improving collaborative practices through visual analytics.

关键词： Collaboration Bioinformatics Data visualization Genomics Visual analytics Tools Browsers Computer-supported cooperative work human-centered computing human-computer interaction scientific visualisation

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Older adults' user experience of virtual tourism: exploring presence and experiential value with respect to age difference

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VIRTUAL REALITY 2023年第4期27卷 2967-2987页

作者： Kim, Mary Jinyoung Kang, Younah Yonsei Univ Design Intelligence Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Underwood Int Coll Veritas C 41885 Songdogwahak Ro Seoul 406840 South Korea

Virtual tourism or VR tourism has attracted great attention for its ability to simulate real-world experiences at a much lower cost and safer than actual travel. However, previous studies have mainly targeted young people or studies on older adults did not compare different age groups with both quantitative and qualitative methods. This study analyzed empirical user experiences of VR tourism via head-mounted displays (HMDs) by age group, with particular focus on experiential values, presence, and cybersickness. It was found that older adults perceived higher experiential values and presence than younger people and experienced less cybersickness, which is in contrast to previous research suggesting that susceptibility to VR sickness may increase with age. Furthermore, many older adults considered that virtual tourism can be an alternative to actual travel. This study addresses the effectiveness and applicability of VR tourism in older demographics and its potential contribution to their welfare.

关键词： human-centered computing human-computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Virtual reality

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human-centered intelligent training for emergency responders

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AI MAGAZINE 2022年第1期43卷 83-92页

作者： Mehta, Ranjana K. Moats, Jason Karthikeyan, Rohith Gabbard, Joseph L. Srinivasan, Divya Du, Eric Jing Leonessa, Alexander Burks, Garret Stephenson, Andrew Fernandes, Ron Texas A&M Univ 4020 ETB College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Engn Extens Serv College Stn TX USA Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Clemson Univ Clemson SC 29631 USA Univ Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Knowledge Based Syst Inc Bristol Avon England

Emergency response (ER) workers perform extremely demanding physical and cognitive tasks that can result in serious injuries and loss of life. human augmentation technologies have the potential to enhance physical and cognitive work-capacities, thereby dramatically transforming the landscape of ER work, reducing injury risk, improving ER, as well as helping attract and retain skilled ER workers. This opportunity has been significantly hindered by the lack of high-quality training for ER workers that effectively integrates innovative and intelligent augmentation solutions. Hence, new ER learning environments are needed that are adaptive, affordable, accessible, and continually available for reskilling the ER workforce as technological capabilities continue to improve. This article presents the research considerations in the design and integration of use-inspired exoskeletons and augmented reality technologies in ER processes and the identification of unique cognitive and motor learning needs of each of these technologies in context-independent and ER-relevant scenarios. We propose a human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) enabled training framework for these technologies in ER. Finally, how these human-centered training requirements for nascent technologies are integrated in an intelligent tutoring system that delivers across tiered access levels, covering the range of virtual, to mixed, to physical reality environments, is discussed.

关键词： Exoskeleton Emergency service Augmented reality human-centered computing

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Heart rate variability as a predictive biomarker of thermal comfort

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND humanIZED computing 2018年第5期9卷 1465-1477页

作者： Nkurikiyeyezu, Kizito N. Suzuki, Yuta Lopez, Guillaume F. Aoyama Gakuin Univ Grad Sch Sci & Engn Chuo Ku 1-10-5 Fuchinobe Sagamihara Kanagawa Japan

Thermal comfort is an assessment of one's satisfaction with the surroundings;yet, most mechanisms that are used to provide thermal comfort are based on approaches that preclude physiological, psychological and personal psychophysics that are precursors to thermal comfort. This leads to many people feeling either cold or hot in an environment that was supposed to be thermally comfortable to most users. To address this problem, this paper proposes to use heart rate variability (HRV) as an alternative indicator of thermal comfort status. Since HRV is linked to homeostasis, we conjectured that people's thermal comfort could be more accurately estimated based on their heart rate variability (HRV). To test our hypothesis, we analyzed statistical, spectral, and nonlinear HRV indices of 17 human subjects doing light office work in a cold, a neutral, and a hot environment. The resulting HRV indices were used as inputs to machine learning classification algorithms. We observed that HRV is distinctively different depending on the thermal environment and that it is possible to reliably predict each subject's thermal state (cold, neutral, and hot) with up to a 93.7% accuracy. The result of this study suggests that it could be possible to design automatic real-time thermal comfort controllers based on people's HRV.

关键词： Heart rate variability Thermal comfort Life engineering Personalized comfort human-centered computing

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