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Let's Work Together! Wikipedia Language Communities' Attempts to Represent Events Worldwide

INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2023年第2期35卷 69-82页

作者： Li, Ang Farzan, Rosta Lopez, Claudia Univ Pittsburgh Sch Comp & Informat Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Dept Informat Ave Espana 1680 Vaparaiso Chile

With over 300 language communities, Wikipedia offers a multilingual environment for collective reporting of events worldwide. However, most research on documenting events has focused on English Wikipedia. Our work explores the extent of global coverage of event articles in the English Wikipedia and Wikipedia communities associated with three of the most spoken languages globally: Arabic, Chinese and Spanish. We also compare the process of collaboratively writing event articles across these communities. Our results provide evidence that while there is an indication of self-focus bias, there is also strong evidence of a global representation of events across different Wikipedia communities. Moreover, we observe that while limited resources in smaller Wikipedia communities have different collaboration patterns, their efforts lead to similar levels of content quality after a week. We discuss the implications of our results for Wikipedia and the design of multi-language information production communities.

关键词： Wikipedia news events self-focus bias collaboration multi-language study Categories and subject descriptors human-centered computing Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing

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Detecting human Behavior Models From Multimodal Observation in a Smart Home

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2009年第4期6卷 588-597页

作者： Brdiczka, Oliver Langet, Matthieu Maisonnasse, Jerome Crowley, James L. Xerox Corp Palo Alto Res Ctr Comp Sci Lab Palo Alto CA 94304 USA INRIA Rhone Alpes Lab LIG Project PRIMA Rhone Alpes France

This paper addresses learning and recognition of human behavior models from multimodal observation in a smart home environment. The proposed approach is part of a framework for acquiring a high-level contextual model for human behavior in an augmented environment. A 3-D video tracking system creates and tracks entities (persons) in the scene. Further, a speech activity detector analyzes audio streams coming from head set microphones and determines for each entity, whether the entity speaks or not. An ambient sound detector detects noises in the environment. An individual role detector derives basic activity like "walking" or "interacting with table" from the extracted entity properties of the 3-D tracker. From the derived multimodal observations, different situations like "aperitif" or "presentation" are learned and detected using statistical models (HMMs). The objective of the proposed general framework is two-fold: the automatic offline analysis of human behavior recordings and the online detection of learned human behavior models. To evaluate the proposed approach, several multimodal recordings showing different situations have been conducted. The obtained results, in particular for offline analysis, are very good, showing that multimodality as well as multiperson observation generation are beneficial for situation recognition. Note to Practitioners-This paper was motivated by the problem of automatically recognizing human behavior and interactions in a smart home environment. The smart home environment is equipped with cameras and microphones that permit the observation of human activity in the scene. The objective is first to visualize the perceived human activities (e. g., for videoconferencing or surveillance of elderly people), and then to provide appropriate services based on these activities. We adopt a layered approach for human activity recognition in the environment. The layered framework is motivated by the human perception of human behavior in the sce

关键词： Context-awareness human-centered computing individual role detection multimodal human behavior modeling and detection situation modeling

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Exploring the Role of Haptic Feedback in Enabling Implicit HCI-Based Bookmarking

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2014年第1期7卷 24-36页

作者： Pan, Matthew K. X. J. McGrenere, Joanna Croft, Elizabeth A. MacLean, Karon E. Univ British Columbia Dept Mech Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

We examine how haptic feedback could enable an implicit human-computer interaction, in the context of an audio stream listening use case where a device monitors a user's electrodermal activity for orienting responses to external interruptions. When such a response is detected, our previously developed system automatically places a bookmark in the audio stream for later resumption of listening. Here, we investigate two uses of haptic feedback to support this implicit interaction and mitigate effects of noisy (false-positive) bookmarking: (a) low-attention notification when a bookmark is placed, and (b) focused-attention display of bookmarks during resumptive navigation. Results show that haptic notification of bookmark placement, when paired with visual display of bookmark location, significant improves navigation time. Solely visual or haptic display of bookmarks elicited equivalent navigation time;however, only the inclusion of haptic display significantly increased accuracy. Participants preferred haptic notification over no notification at interruption time, and combined haptic and visual display of bookmarks to support navigation to their interrupted location at resumption time. Our contributions include an approach to handling noisy data in implicit HCI, an implementation of haptic notifications that signal implicit system behavior, and discussion of user mental models that may be active in this context.

关键词： Haptic I/O human-centered computing user/machine systems low-attention interfaces notifications browsing multimodal user interfaces

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The design of Tecnico GO!: catering for students' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemics

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第29期82卷 46129-46151页

作者： Nisi, Valentina Prandi, Catia Ma, Shuhao Ferreira, Marta Nicolau, Hugo Esteves, Augusto Nunes, Nuno Univ Lisbon Tecn Lisbon Portugal LARSyS ITI Lisbon Portugal Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bologna Italy

Transitioning to and through University is a delicate period for students' well-being. Moreover, the recent COVID-19 pandemic added a further toll through the various challenges related to studying, socializing, community-building, and safety. These challenges inspired the design of a mobile application, called Tecnico GO!, to support university students' well-being and academic performance. This paper presents the design rationale and evaluation of the app conducted during the academic year 2021-2022. Findings cluster around three themes: i) students studying needs;ii) building a sense of community;iii) gamification strategies. The discussion elaborates on the student's perceptions of well-being during pandemics. Students' perception of the app is positive, appreciative of the crowdsensing features, supporting learning goals, community building, and safety. On the other hand, the gamification features, as currently deployed, do not achieve the expected goals.

关键词： Student well-being human-centered computing Design evaluation Social distancing Gamification Crowdsensing

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A Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Model to Study the Mechano-Biological Behavior in Periodontal Ligament Regeneration

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TISSUE ENGINEERING PART C-METHODS 2012年第2期18卷 81-89页

作者： Oortgiesen, Daniel A. W. Yu, Na Bronckers, Antonius L. J. J. Yang, Fang Walboomers, X. Frank Jansen, John A. Radboud Univ Nijmegen Med Ctr Dept Biomat NL-6525 EX Nijmegen Netherlands Univ Amsterdam Dept Oral Cell Biol Acad Ctr Dent ACTA Res Inst MOVE Amsterdam Netherlands Vrije Univ Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Periodontitis is a disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, which can eventually result in tooth loss. A three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture model was developed that may serve to grow a 3D construct that not only transplants into defective periodontal sites, but also allows to examine the effect of mechanical load in vitro. In the current in vitro study, green fluorescent protein labeled periodontal ligament (PDL) cells form rat incisors were embedded in a 3D matrix and exposed to mechanical loading alone, to a chemical stimulus (Emdogain;enamel matrix derivative [EMD]) alone, or a combination of both. Loading consisted of unilateral stretching (8%, 1 Hz) and was applied for 1, 3, or 5 days. Results showed that PDL cells were distributed and randomly oriented within the artificial PDL space in static culture. On mechanical loading, the cells showed higher cell numbers. Moreover, cells realigned perpendicular to the stretching force depending on time and position, with great analogy to natural PDL tissue. EMD application gave a significant effect on growth and upregulated bone sialoprotein (BSP) and collagen type-I (Col-I), whereas Runx-2 was downregulated. This implies that PDL. cells under loading might tend to act similar to bone-like cells (BSP and Col-I) but at the same time, react tendon like (Runx-2). The combination of chemical and mechanical stimulation seems possible, but does not show synergistic effects. In this study, a new model was successfully introduced in the field of PDL-related regenerative research. Besides validating the 3D model to mimic an authentic PDL space, it also provided a useful and well-controlled approach to study cell response to mechanical loading and other stimuli.

关键词： Biomarker HCC liver transplant Milan criteria miRNA liver transplant Mechanical loads MicroRNAs symbolic languages Biological Markers Cell culture Periodontal Ligament human-centered computing

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Work-centered support systems: A human-centered approach to intelligent system design

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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2005年第2期20卷 73-81页

作者： Scott, R Roth, EM Deutsch, SE Malchiodi, E Kazmierczak, TE Eggleston, RG Kuper, SR Whitaker, RD BBN Technol Intelligent Distributed Comp Dept Eden Prairie MN 55347 USA Roth Cognit Eng Brookline MA 02445 USA BBN Technol Human Ctr Syst Grp Cambridge MA 02138 USA BBN Syst & Technol Global Air Mobil Adv Technol Res Program Ofallon IL 62269 USA USAF Res Lab HECS Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA USAF Res Lab HECS Wright Patterson AFB OH 45433 USA Northrop Grumman Informat Technol Fairborn OH 45324 USA

The work-centered support system approach to human-centered computing focuses on analyzing and supporting the multiple facets of work. The WCSS for global weather management developed to support weather forecasting and monitoring in an airlift service organization, exemplifies this approach. A hallmark of human-centered computing (HCC) is its focus on domain practitioners and their field of practice. human-centered design depends on a deep analysis of a field\'s cognitive and collaborative demands and how people work individually, in groups, and in organizations to meet those demands. The objective is to leverage what we know about human cognitive and collaborative processes to create systems that optimize the affordances (direct perception of meanings) and effectivities (knowledge-driven actions) for humans. The WCSS paradigm offers an approach for incorporating software agent technology in a manner that helps the user keep the head in the work and reduces the possibility that software agent states or actions surprise the user.

关键词： cognition decision support systems geophysics computing human factors software agents user centred design user interfaces weather forecasting airlift service organization global weather management human cognitive process human-centered computing intellig

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Multimodal interfaces: Challenges and perspectives

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND SMART ENVIRONMENTS 2009年第1期1卷 23-30页

作者： Sebe, Nicu Univ Amsterdam NL-1012 WX Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Trento Trento Italy

The development of interfaces has been a technology-driven process. However, the newly developed multimodal interfaces are using recognition-based technologies that must interpret human-speech, gesture, gaze, movement patterns, and other behavioral cues. As a result, the interface design requires a human-centered approach. In this paper we review the major approaches to multimodal human Computer Interaction, giving an overview of the user and task modeling, and of the multimodal fusion. We highlight the challenges, open issues, and the future trends in multimodal interfaces research.

关键词： Multimodal interfaces human-centered computing adaptability fusion interface design

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Exploring the Design Space of BioFabric Visualization for Multivariate Network Analysis

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COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM 2024年第3期43卷 e15079-e15079页

作者： Fuchs, J. Dennig, F. L. Heinle, M. -V. Keim, D. A. Di Bartolomeo, S. Univ Konstanz Constance Germany

The visual analysis of multivariate network data is a common yet difficult task in many domains. The major challenge is to visualize the network's topology and additional attributes for entities and their connections. Although node-link diagrams and adjacency matrices are widespread, they have inherent limitations. Node-link diagrams struggle to scale effectively, while adjacency matrices can fail to represent network topologies clearly. In this paper, we delve into the design space of BioFabric, which aligns entities along rows and relationships along columns, providing a way to encapsulate multiple attributes for both. We explore how we can leverage the unique opportunities offered by BioFabric's design space to visualize multivariate network data - focusing on three main categories: juxtaposed visualizations, embedded on-node and on-edge encoding, and transformed node and edge encoding. We complement our exploration with a quantitative assessment comparing BioFabric to adjacency matrices. We postulate that the expansive design possibilities introduced in BioFabric network visualization have the potential for the visualization of multivariate data, and we advocate for further evaluation of the associated design space. Our supplemental material is available on ***.

关键词： human-centered computing Empirical studies in visualization Graph drawings

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A Review of EEG-Based User Authentication: Trends and Future Research Directions

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 22917-22934页

作者： Fidas, Christos A. Lyras, Dimitrios Univ Patras Dept Elect & Comp Engn Patras 26504 Greece

Recently, the use of Electroencephalography (EEG) in scientific research on User Authentication (UA) has led to cutting-edge experiments that seek to identify and authenticate individuals based on their brain activity in particular usage scenarios. Utilizing EEG signals, derived from brain activity, might provide innovative solutions to contemporary security issues in traditional knowledge-based user authentication, including the threat of shoulder surfing. In this review paper, we analyze 108 different EEG-based user authentication experiments based on the following perspectives: a) the user experimental setup, with an emphasis on the applied EEG- protocols;b) the artificial intelligence techniques employed and finally c) the security and privacy preservation aspects. The reviewed papers cover a broad time frame from 1998 to 2022 and include various experimental protocols and algorithms used for classifying EEG signals. Additionally, the majority of the referenced works report findings from multiple experiments that incorporate distinct approaches and configurations. This leads to a discussion on best practices for EEG-based User Authentication and conclusions suggesting future research directions that consists, among others, of considering homomorphically encrypted biometric templates for information leakage prevention through federated learning approaches in decentralized architectures. We anticipate that the present literature review will provide a roadmap for future research by considering efficiently and effective EEG-based User Authentication methods while at the same time preserving privacy.

关键词： Authentication Electroencephalography Security Protocols Biometrics (access control) Passwords Privacy User authentication electroencephalography artificial intelligence security and privacy usability in security and privacy human-centered computing interaction techniques

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Tutorials in eLearning-How Presentation Affects Outcomes

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EMERGING TOPICS IN computing 2017年第1期5卷 20-31页

作者： Copeland, Leana D. Gedeon, Tom D. Australian Natl Univ Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

The presentation of learning materials affects how we learn. In this paper, we use eye tracking to investigate how different sequences of text and test questions affect performance outcomes, eye movements, and reading behavior for first (L1) English language and second (L2) English language readers. We show that different presentation sequences induce different performance outcomes, eye movements, and reading behavior. The sequence can affect how a participant reads the text as well as their perceptions of how well they understood what they read. For instance, if questions and text are not shown together, this improves participants' ability to accurately perceive their comprehension and promotes thorough reading. Alternatively, showing questions before the text promotes skimming behavior. Importantly, the presentation sequence affects both L1 and L2 readers in the same way. We observe that L2 reader take longer to read text but have the same comprehension levels as L1 readers;this difference comes primarily from longer fixation durations. The results from this paper can be used to design learning materials in eLearning environments to influence how students interact with the learning environment as well as how they learn. The purpose of this investigation is to make informative decisions about designing adaptive eLearning environments.

关键词： human-centered computing Web-based interaction education computer uses in education

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