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Myths of Automation, Part 2: Some Very human Consequences

IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2014年第2期29卷 82-85页

作者： Hoffman, Robert R. Hawley, John K. Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. Inst Human & Machine Cognit Pensacola FL USA Army Res Lab Human Res & Engn Directorate Ft Bliss TX USA

In a previous essay, the myths of automation were described by reference to "deadly sins." Here, a case study is presented that illustrates the myths and their consequences. Indeed, the case study takes the word "deadly" quite literally. This article relies on material from an Army Research Laboratory (ARL) review of Patriot missile fratricide incidents. It should be noted, however, that the example recounted here is not a singularity.

关键词： Training Automation Personnel Missiles Intelligent systems Cognition human-centered computing undisciplined automation Patriot missile intelligent systems

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Exploring the Role of Haptic Feedback in Enabling Implicit HCI-Based Bookmarking

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2014年第1期7卷 24-36页

作者： Pan, Matthew K. X. J. McGrenere, Joanna Croft, Elizabeth A. MacLean, Karon E. Univ British Columbia Dept Mech Engn Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Comp Sci Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada

We examine how haptic feedback could enable an implicit human-computer interaction, in the context of an audio stream listening use case where a device monitors a user's electrodermal activity for orienting responses to external interruptions. When such a response is detected, our previously developed system automatically places a bookmark in the audio stream for later resumption of listening. Here, we investigate two uses of haptic feedback to support this implicit interaction and mitigate effects of noisy (false-positive) bookmarking: (a) low-attention notification when a bookmark is placed, and (b) focused-attention display of bookmarks during resumptive navigation. Results show that haptic notification of bookmark placement, when paired with visual display of bookmark location, significant improves navigation time. Solely visual or haptic display of bookmarks elicited equivalent navigation time;however, only the inclusion of haptic display significantly increased accuracy. Participants preferred haptic notification over no notification at interruption time, and combined haptic and visual display of bookmarks to support navigation to their interrupted location at resumption time. Our contributions include an approach to handling noisy data in implicit HCI, an implementation of haptic notifications that signal implicit system behavior, and discussion of user mental models that may be active in this context.

关键词： Haptic I/O human-centered computing user/machine systems low-attention interfaces notifications browsing multimodal user interfaces

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Future Directions of humans in Big Data Research Summary of the 1st Workshop on human-centered Big Data Research 2

Future Directions of Humans in Big Data Research Summary of ...

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IEEE International Conference on Big Data

作者： Paul, Celeste Lyn Argenta, Chris Elm, William Endert, Alex Dept Def Ft George G Meade MD 20755 USA Appl Res Associates Raleigh NC USA Resilient Cognit Solut Pittsburgh PA USA Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

The goal of the 1st Workshop on human-centered Big Data Research was to explore the multi-disciplinary challenges of researching humans in Big Data environments. This paper summarizes the outcomes of the workshop and ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781479956661

关键词： Big data human-centered computing workshop

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C-OLiVE: Group Co-located Interaction in VEs for Contextual Learning

C-OLiVE: Group Co-located Interaction in VEs for Contextual ...

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IEEE Virtual Reality (VR) Conference

作者： Apostolellis, Panagiotis Bowman, Doug A. Virginia Tech Ctr Human Comp Interact Blacksburg VA 24061 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928712

In informal learning spaces employing digital content, such as museums, visitors either do not get adequate exposure to content or get information through passive instruction offered by a museum docent to the whole group. This research aims to identify which elements of co-located group collaboration, virtual environments, and serious games can be leveraged for an enhanced learning experience. Our hypothesis is that synchronous, co-located, group collaboration will afford greater learning compared to conventional approaches. We developed C-OLiVE, an interactive virtual learning environment supporting tripartite group collaboration, which we will use as a testbed to respond to our research questions. In this paper, we discuss our proposed research, which involves exploring some benefits of the involved technologies and proposing a list of design guidelines for anyone interested to exploit them in developing virtual environments for informal learning spaces.

关键词： Informal learning collaborative virtual environments game-based learning Applied computing Interactive learning environments Applied computing Collaborative learning human-centered computing Empirical studies in HCI

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Constrained Holistic Cornering Control

Constrained Holistic Cornering Control

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American Control Conference

作者： Kasinathan, Dhanaraja Khajepour, Amir Chen, Shih-Ken Litkouhi, Bakhtiar Univ Waterloo Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781479932740

The objective of the Holistic Corner Control (HCC) is to keep the vehicle on a target path by minimizing the error between the actual and target center of gravity (CC) forces and moment. A real time optimization procedure has been proposed in order to calculate the necessary tire force adjustments to minimize the error and to give the driver a normal driving feel even though the road conditions differ from what is perceived. In this paper, we extend the HCC methodology by adding constraints to the optimization problem. Some important applications are (1) differential braking on all wheels (AWD), applicable to both electrically driven wheels or conventional cars;and (2) hybrid torque vectoring on front wheels (FWD) and differential braking on the rear wheels. Performance of the constrained IICC is compared against the HCC optimization using both simulation and experimental results.

关键词： Force Optimization Tires Torque Vectors Vehicles Wheels Automotive Control applications Optimization algorithms automotive engineering Wheels Optimization algorithms Force vehicle tyres Torque human-centered computing

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Publish-Subscribe Smartphone Sensing Platform for the Acute Phase of a Disaster: A Framework for Emergency Management Support

Publish-Subscribe Smartphone Sensing Platform for the Acute ...

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12th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive computing and Communication (PERCOM)

作者： Radianti, Jaziar Gonzalez, Jose J. Granmo, Ole-Christoffer Univ Agder CIEM N-4898 Grimstad Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781479927364

The advanced sensors embedded in modern smartphones opens up for novel research opportunities, as for instance manifested in the field of mobile phone sensing. Most notable is perhaps research activities within human activity recognition and context-aware applications. Along a similar vein, the SmartRescue project targets monitoring of both hazard developments as well as tracking of people in a disaster, taking advantage of smartphone sensing, processing and communication capabilities. The goal is to help crisis managers and the public in early hazard detection, hazard prediction, and in the forming of risk minimizing evacuation plans when disaster strikes. In this paper we propose a novel smartphone based communication framework for disaster specific machine learning techniques that intelligently process sensor readings into useful information for the crisis responders. Core to the framework is a robust content-based publish-subscribe mechanism that allows flexible sharing of sensor data and computation results. The proposed communication platform has been tested at the proof of concept level, with several detailed features providing promising results. We also provide the initial results from the development of this platform and discuss how to enhance the platform to become a disaster monitoring system for practical use.

关键词： publish-subscribe emergency management mobile sensing human-centered computing decision support sensors hazard tracking human tracking pervasive computing

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TouchMover 2.0-3D Touchscreen with Force Feedback and Haptic Texture

TouchMover 2.0-3D Touchscreen with Force Feedback and Haptic...

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IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS)

作者： Sinclair, Mike Pahud, Michel Benko, Hrvoje Microsoft Res Redmond WA 98052 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479931316

This paper presents the design and development of a novel visio-haptic device that co-locates 3D stereo visualization, direct touch, texture and touch force sensing with a robotically actuated display. Our actuated immersive 3D display, called TouchMover 2.0, is capable of providing 1D movement (up to 36cm), haptic screen force feedback (up to 230N) in a single dimension perpendicular to the screen plane, and has an additional capability to render haptic texture cues via vibrotactile actuators attached to the touchscreen. We describe the details of our design and improvements. We showcase how TouchMover 2.0 allows the user to: touch and feel the 3D contour and 2D texture of a topographic map, to interact with 3D objects by pushing them on the screen with realistic force feedback and intuitively explore and feel pseudo tissue texture within volumetric data from medical imagery (e.g., MRI brain scan).

关键词： 3D touchscreen haptics texture vibrotactile human-centered computing human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction devices Haptic devices

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NASA Telexploration Project Demo

NASA Telexploration Project Demo

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IEEE Virtual Reality (VR) Conference

作者： Norris, Jeff Davidoff, Scott NASA Jet Prop Lab Pasadena CA 91109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479928712

NASA's Telexploration Project seeks to make us better explorers by building immersive environments that feel like we are really there. The Mission Operations Innovation Office and its Operations Laboratory at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) founded the Telexploration Project, and is researching how immersive visualization and natural human-robot interaction can enable mission scientists, engineers, and the general public to interact with NASA spacecraft and alien environments in a more effective way. These efforts have been accelerated through partnerships with many different companies, especially in the video game industry. These demos will exhibit some of the progress made at NASA and its commercial partnerships by allowing attendees to experience Mars data acquired from NASA spacecraft in a head mounted display using several rendering and interaction techniques.

关键词： virtual reality space exploration robotics human-centered computing Virtual reality human-centered computing Scientific visualization

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Virtual shopping agents Persona effects for older users

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JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN INTERACTIVE MARKETING 2014年第2期8卷 144-162页

作者： Chattaraman, Veena Kwon, Wi-Suk Gilbert, Juan E. Li, Yishuang Auburn Univ Dept Consumer & Design Sci Auburn AL 36849 USA Clemson Univ Sch Comp Human Cent Comp Div Clemson SC USA

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the visual presence of a virtual agent on a retail Web site reveals positive outcomes for older users with respect to enhancing perceived interactivity, social support, trust and patronage intentions and alleviating user anxiety. Design/methodology/approach - A between-subjects laboratory experiment was conducted with 50 older users, which included an interaction experience of 30 minutes followed by a paper-based questionnaire. The visual presence of the agent was manipulated in a mock retail Web site through the presence or absence of a virtual agent image, while maintaining the same agent functionality. Findings - The contrasts of senior users' shopping experiences between two agent-mediated Web sites (with or without agent image) support the direct "persona" effects of a virtual agent's visual presence on enhancing perceived interactivity, social support, trust and patronage intentions in the retail Web site, while alleviating user anxiety. Further, anxiety alleviation is fully explained by increased perceptions of interactivity. Perceived social support fully mediates trust in the benevolence of the online retailer. Trust ability emerges as a salient factor mediating the relationship between agent persona and patronage intentions. Originality/value - This work is the first to identify the value of human visual embodiment for older users' online shopping experiences, which has implications for other low-experience/expertise users of a medium.

关键词： Online retailing Interactivity Consumer behavior Internet human-centered computing Older Internet users Virtual agents

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DESIGNING THE SAKAI OPEN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: A DISTRIBUTED COGNITION ACCOUNT OF THE DESIGN OF A LARGE SCALE SOFTWARE SYSTEM, VOLUME 1

DESIGNING THE SAKAI OPEN ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: A DISTRIBUTED...

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作者： Klara Benda

学位级别：博士

Social accounts of technological change make the flexibility and openness of interpretations the starting point of an argument against technological determinism. They suggest that technological change unfolds in the semantic domain, but they focus on the social processes around the interpretations of new technologies, and do not address the conceptual processes of change in interpretations. The dissertation presents an empirically grounded case study of the design process of an open-source online software platform based on the framework of distributed cognition to argue that the cognitive perspective is needed for understanding innovation in software, because it allows us to describe the reflexive and expansive contribution of conceptual processes to new software and the significance of professional epistemic practices in framing the direction of innovation. The framework of distributed cognition brings the social and cognitive perspectives together on account of its understanding of conceptual processes as distributed over time, among people, and between humans and artifacts. The dissertation argues that an evolving open-source software landscape became translated into the open- ended local design space of a new software project in a process of infrastructural implosion, and the design space prompted participants to outline and pursue epistemic strategies of sense-making and learning about the contexts of use. The result was a process of conceptual modeling, which resulted in a conceptually novel user interface. Prototyping professional practices of user-centered design lent directionality to this conceptual process in terms of a focus on individual activities with the user interface. Social approaches to software design under the broad umbrella of human-centered computing have been seeking to inform the design on the basis of empirical contributions about a social context. The analysis has shown that empirical engagement with the contexts of use followed from conc

关键词： Distributed cognition human-centered computing Software design Social construction of technologies

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