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作者： Andrew D. Miller

学位级别：博士

In order to support people's everyday health and wellness goals, health practitioners and organizations are embracing a more holistic approach to medicine-supporting patients both as individuals and members of their families and communities, and meeting people where they are: at home, work, and school. This 'everyday' approach to health has been enabled by new technologies, both dedicated-devices and services designed specifically for health sensing and feedback-and multipurpose-such as smartphones and broadband- connected computers. Our physical relationship with computing has also become more intimate, and personal health devices can now track and report an unprecedented amount of information about our bodies, following their users around to an extent no doctor, coach or dietitian ever could. But we still have much to learn about how pervasive health devices can actually help promote the adoption of new health practices in daily life. Once they're 'in the wild,' such devices interact with their users, but also the physical, social and political worlds in which those users live. These external factors-such as the walkablity of a person's neighborhood or the social acceptability of exercise and fitness activities-play a significant role in peo- ple's ability to change their health behaviors and sustain that change. Specifically, social theories of behavior change suggest that peer support may be critical in changing health attitudes and behaviors. These theories-Social Support Theory, Social Cognitive Theory and Social Comparison Theory among them-offer both larger frameworks for understand- ing the social influences of health behavior change and specific mechanisms by which that behavior change could be supported through interpersonal interaction. However, we are only beginning to understand the role that pervasive health technologies can play in sup- porting and mediating social interaction to motivate people's exploration and adoption of healthy behaviors. In thi

关键词： human-centered computing Social computing Health informatics Pervasive health human computer interaction

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Positive Affective Interactions: The Role of Repeated Exposure and Copresence

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE computing 2013年第2期4卷 226-237页

作者： Shahid, Suleman Krahmer, Emiel Neerincx, Mark Swerts, Marc Tilburg Univ Tilburg Ctr Cognit & Commun NL-5000 LE Tilburg Netherlands TNO Human Factors NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands

We describe and evaluate a new interface to induce positive emotions in users: a digital, interactive adaptive mirror. We study whether the induced affect is repeatable after a fixed interval (Study 1) and how copresence influences the emotion induction (Study 2). Results show that participants systematically feel more positive after an affective mirror session, that this effect is repeatable, and stronger when a friend is copresent.

关键词： human-centered computing user interfaces evaluation/methodology positive emotions laughter and physical copresence

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UACAP: A Unified Auxiliary Channel Authentication Protocol

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE computing 2013年第4期12卷 710-721页

作者： Mayrhofer, Rene Fuss, Juergen Ion, Iulia Univ Appl Sci Upper Austria A-4232 Hagenberg Im Austria Univ Appl Sci Upper Austria Dept Secure Informat Syst A-4232 Hagenberg Im Austria Google Inc Mountain View CA 94043 USA

Authenticating spontaneous interactions between devices and users is challenging for several reasons: the wireless (and therefore invisible) nature of device communication, the heterogeneous nature of devices, and lack of appropriate user interfaces in mobile devices, and the requirement for unobtrusive user interaction. The most promising approach that has been proposed in literature involves the exploitation of the so-called auxiliary channels for authentication to bridge the gap between usability and security. This concept has spawned the independent development of various authentication methods and research prototypes, that, unfortunately, remain hard to compare and interchange and are rarely available to potential application developers. We present a novel, unified cryptographic authentication protocol framework (UACAP) to unify these approaches on using auxiliary channels and analyze its security properties. This protocol and a selection of auxiliary channels aimed at authentication of mobile devices has been implemented and released in an open-source ubiquitous authentication toolkit (OpenUAT). We also present an initial user study evaluating four of these channels.

关键词： Network architecture and design/wireless communication security and protection/authentication information systems applications/miscellaneous algorithm/protocol design and analysis ubiquitous computing mobile environments human-centered computing mobile applications

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Designing for psychological change: Individuals' reward and cost valuations in weight management

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Journal of Medical Internet Research 2014年第6期16卷 e138页

作者： Hsu, Anne Blandford, Ann School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science University of London London E1 4NS Mile End Road United Kingdom UCL Interaction Centre University College London London United Kingdom

Knowledge of the psychological constructs that underlie behavior offers valuable design opportunities for persuasive systems. We use the decision theory, which describes how behavior is underpinned by reward-cost valuations, as a framework for investigating such psychological constructs to deliver design objectives for weight management technologies. Objective: We applied a decision theory-based analysis in the domain of weight management to understand the rewards and costs that surround individuals' weight management behaviors, with the aim of uncovering design opportunities for weight management technologies. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with 15 participants who were or had been trying to lose weight. Thematic analysis was used to extract themes that covered the rewards and costs surrounding weight management behaviors. We supplemented our qualitative study with a quantitative survey of 100 respondents investigating the extent to which they agreed with statements reflecting themes from the qualitative study. Results: The primary obstacles to weight management were the rewards associated with unhealthy choices, such as the pleasures of unhealthy foods and unrestricted consumption in social situations, and the significant efforts required to change habits, plan, and exercise. Psychological constructs that supported positive weight management included feeling good after making healthy choices, being good to oneself, experiencing healthy yet still delicious foods, and receiving social support and encouraging messages (although opinions about encouraging messages was mixed). Conclusions: A rewards-costs driven enquiry revealed a wide range of psychological constructs that contribute to discouraging and supporting weight management. The constructs extracted from our qualitative study were verified by our quantitative survey, in which the majority of respondents also reported similar thoughts and feelings. This understanding of the rewards and costs surro

关键词： Behavior Design Health promotion human-centered computing Interaction design process and methods Psychology Weight loss

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Measuring Privacy and Utility in Privacy-Preserving Visualization

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COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM 2013年第8期32卷 35-47页

作者： Dasgupta, Aritra Chen, Min Kosara, Robert Univ N Carolina Charlotte NC 28223 USA Univ Oxford Oxford England

In previous work, we proposed a technique for preserving the privacy of quasi-identifiers in sensitive data when visualized using parallel coordinates. This paper builds on that work by introducing a number of metrics that can be used to assess both the level of privacy and the amount of utility that can be gained from the resulting visualizations. We also generalize our approach beyond parallel coordinates to scatter plots and other visualization techniques. Privacy preservation generally entails a trade-off between privacy and utility: the more the data are protected, the less useful the visualization. Using a visually-oriented approach, we can provide a higher amount of utility than directly applying data anonymization techniques used in data mining. To demonstrate this, we use the visual uncertainty framework for systematically defining metrics based on cluster artifacts and information theoretic principles. In a case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique as compared to standard data-based clustering in the context of privacy-preserving visualization.

关键词： privacy metrics visual uncertainty human-centered computing Visualization

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Loose ontological coupling and the Social Semantic Web

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND humanIZED computing 2013年第3期4卷 349-356页

作者： Cudre-Mauroux, Philippe Univ Fribourg eXascale Infolab CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland

Best practices for the publication of Semantic Web data currently place an unacceptably high burden on the end-user, who is supposed to locate and embrace third-party, ontological structures prior to publishing any information. This paper argues for a different publication paradigm where end-users are encouraged to publish potentially incomplete or conflicting information according to their own local context, and where heterogeneous data is consolidated a posteriori through bottom-up, decentralized processes. This approach has two key advantages: first, it greatly simplifies the publication of semantic information by allowing users to contribute purely local data, without any consideration for global schemas or third-party structures. Second, it takes advantage of expressive, semantic links to relate both schemas and instances, creating complex webs of knowledge where cultural or social differences can flourish and be confronted one another.

关键词： Social semantics human-centered computing Loosely-coupled semantics Web of data Emergent semantics

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Ontology-Based Application Integration on the User Interface Level

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IT-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2013年第4期55卷 165-168页

作者： Paulheim, Heiko Univ Mannheim Inst Informatik & Wirtschaftsinformatik B6 26 D-68159 Mannheim Germany

Application integration can be performed on three levels: the data source level, the business logic level, and the user interface level. Approaches of the latter kind include, e.g., portal and mashup solutions. Deeper integration offering rich interaction possibilities usually leads to strong dependencies between applications, and requires deep knowledge of those applications. To reduce such dependencies, ontologies have been proposed as an inter-lingua mediating between the applications. While there have been approaches for using ontologies for integration on the data source and business logic level, this dissertation is the first approach for ontology-based application integration on the user interface level. It discusses the development of suitable formal ontologies, the use of reasoning and rule-based event processing, as well as aspects such as performance and seamless cross-technological interaction.

关键词： ACM CSS Software and its engineering Integration frameworks ACM CSS computing methodologies Ontology engineering, ACM CSS Theory of computation Semantics and reasoning, ACM CSS human-centered computing User interface programming

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An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Design, Development and Deployment of Person-centered Accessible Technologies

An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Design, Development and...

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International Conference on Recent Trends in Information Technology (ICRTIT)

作者： Panchanathan, Sethuraman McDaniel, Troy Balasubramanian, Vineeth N. Arizona State Univ Ctr Cognit Ubiquitous Comp CUbiC Sch Comp Informat & Decis Syst Engn Tempe AZ 85287 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479910243

Over the last few years, significant strides have been made toward enhancing the naturalness and acceptance of multimedia systems through the principles of human-centered Multimedia computing (HCMC), a field of computational science where user needs, expectations, adoption and adaptation preferences guide interface and system design. While progress has greatly benefited the broader "able" population, those with disabilities are largely ignored, and must often force-fit available solutions or wait for add-on features that only partially solve usability issues. Given the diversity of disabilities, a person-centered rather than human-centered approach is needed. Previously, we proposed enriching the design philosophy of HCMC by considering perspectives from disabilities. More recently, we have proposed Person-centered Multimedia computing (PCMC) to emphasize individual user needs and co-adaptive systems. In this paper, we present an interdisciplinary approach to realizing person-centered accessible technologies. The basis of the approach is three complementary research thrusts: human-centered design, socio-personal dynamics, and socio-technological practices. These research thrusts are interconnected through three perspectives of disability research: technology, adaptation and policy. The results of several case studies will be presented to highlight how this approach has aided the development of person-centered accessible technologies from early conceptualization to commercialization.

关键词： human-centered computing person-centeredness multimedia assistive technology interdisciplinary

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SOUK: Social Observation of human Kinetics 13

SOUK: Social Observation of hUman Kinetics

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ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous computing (UbiComp)

作者： Killijian, Marc-Olivier Roy, Matthieu Tredan, Gilles Zanon, Christophe CNRS LAAS 7 Ave Colonel Roche F-31400 Toulouse France Univ Toulouse LAAS F-31400 Toulouse France

ISBN: (纸本)9781450317702

Simulating human-centered pervasive systems requires accurate assumptions on the behavior of human groups. Recent models consider this behavior as a combination of both social and spatial factors. Yet, establishing accurate traces of human groups is difficult: current techniques capture either positions, or contacts, with a limited accuracy. In this paper we introduce a new technique to capture such behaviors. The interest of this approach lies in the unprecedented accuracy at which both positions and orientations of humans, even gathered in a crowd, are captured. From the mobility to the topological connectivity, the open-source framework we developed offers a layered approach that can be tailored, allowing to compare and reason about models and traces. We introduce a new trace of 50 individuals on which the validity and accuracy of this approach is demonstrated. To showcase the interest of our software pipeline, we compare it against the random waypoint model. Our fine-grained analyzes, that take into account social interactions between users, show that the random waypoint model is not a reasonable approximation of any of the phenomena we observed.

关键词： human-centered computing human mobility modeling

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Design and Performance Analysis of Multisection Floating Sleeve Antenna using FEM for Interstitial Microwave Ablation for HCC

Design and Performance Analysis of Multisection Floating Sle...

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1st IEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on Point-of-Care (POCT) Healthcare Technologies (PHT)

作者： Maini, Surita Marwaha, Anupma St Longowal Inst Engn & Technol Longowal Sangrur India

ISBN: (纸本)9781467327671

Many advantages of microwave ablation over the other ablative therapies in the field of liver tumor ablation have driven researchers to develop innovative interstitial microwave antennas to effectively treat deep seated, nonresectable hepatic tumors. A new coaxial antenna for microwave ablation therapies has been proposed in this research paper. Two dimensional axisymmetric Finite Element Method (FEM) has been used to design and measure the results of the proposed antenna. Objective metrics for assessing the size and shape of a ablation zone and S11 for efficiency of antenna has been specified and verified for the proposed antenna. The dependence of antenna performances on possible changes in the antenna's structure has also investigated for finding the stability and highlighting the fundamental role played by the antenna's split tip. The novel antenna results depicts that with reflection coefficient -27 dB, the antenna is well matched and having capability of creating spherical ablation zones up to 2 cm in radius using 60 Watt input power at 2.45 GHz proves that it is able to produce good performance parameters.

关键词： ANTENNA Finite element method microwave thermotherapy antennae antenna performance Sleeve antennas human-centered computing Microwave antennas S11 gene Liver Neoplasms characteristic parameter ABLATION

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