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Mixed Reality humans: Evaluating Behavior, Usability, and Acceptability

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2009年第3期15卷 369-382页

作者： Kotranza, Aaron Lok, Benjamin Deladisma, Adeline Pugh, Carla M. Lind, D. Scott Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA Med Coll Georgia Dept Surg Augusta GA 30912 USA Northwestern Univ Feinberg Sch Med Chicago IL 60611 USA

This paper presents mixed reality humans (MRHs), a new type of embodied agent enabling touch-driven communication. Affording touch between human and agent allows MRHs to simulate interpersonal scenarios in which touch plays a crucial role. Two studies provide an initial evaluation of user behavior with an MRH patient and the usability and acceptability of an MRH patient for practice and evaluation of medical students' clinical skills. In Study I (n = 8), it was observed that students treated MRHs as social actors more than students in prior interactions with virtual human patients (n = 27), and used interpersonal touch to comfort and reassure the MRH patient similarly to prior interactions with human patients (n = 76). In the within-subjects Study II (n = 11), medical students performed a clinical breast exam on each of the MRH and human patient. Participants performed equivalent exams with the MRH and human patients, demonstrating the usability of MRHs to evaluate students' physical exam skills. The acceptability of the MRH patient for practicing exam skills was high as students rated the experience as believable and educationally beneficial. Acceptability was improved from Study I to Study II due to an increase in the MRH's visual realism, demonstrating that visual realism is critical for simulation of specific interpersonal scenarios.

关键词： Intelligent agents virtual reality human-centered computing user interfaces evaluation/methodology medicine

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Mood Recognition during Online Self-Assessment Tests

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES 2009年第1期2卷 50-61页

作者： Moridis, Christos N. Economides, Anastasios A. Univ Macedonia Dept Informat Syst Thessaloniki 54006 Greece Univ Macedonia Dept Informat Syst Thessaloniki 54006 Greece

Individual emotions play a crucial role during any learning interaction. Identifying a student's emotional state and providing personalized feedback, based on integrated pedagogical models, has been considered to be one of the main limits of traditional tools of e-learning. This paper presents an empirical study that illustrates how learner mood may be predicted during online self-assessment tests. Here, a previous method of determining student mood has been refined based on the assumption that the influence on learner mood of questions already answered declines in relation to their distance from the current question. Moreover, this paper sets out to indicate that "exponential logic" may help produce more efficient models if integrated adequately with affective modeling. The results show that these assumptions may prove useful to future research.

关键词： Computer uses in education education human-centered computing human information processing personalization self-assessment Web-based interaction

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Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Meeting Milan Criteria in Child-Turcotte-Pugh Class A Patients With Cirrhosis

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TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS 2009年第5期41卷 1691-1697页

作者： Park, Y. -K. Kim, B. -W. Wang, H. -J. Kim, M. -W. Ajou Univ Sch Med Dept Surg Suwon 441749 Kyounggi Prov South Korea

This study evaluated whether hepatic resection is a reasonable strategy as an initial treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) meeting Milan criteria in patients with compensated cirrhosis. From the database of 435 consecutive patients with resection of HCC between July 1994 and May 2007, 21.3 patients were found to have Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A cirrhosis and HCC meeting Milan criteria, as shown by preoperative image studies. We examined long-term survivals and patterns of recurrence after hepatic resection among those patients. Overall survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 92%, 78%, 69%, and 52%, respectively, and 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 79%, 57%, 44%, and 19%, respectively. Pathological review indicated that 36/213 patients (16.9%) had another nodule and/or gross vascular invasion. Microvascular invasion, tumor size, and histological grade of cirrhosis were independent risk factors for recurrence. Sixty percent of recurrent cases met the Milan criteria. The six patients who underwent living donor salvage liver transplantation (OLT) for intrahepatic recurrence were alive without recurrence at a median of 24 (range = 8-31) months. These favorable data suggest that hepatic resection is a good option for small HCCs in patients with compensated cirrhosis;and salvage OLT may be reserved for patients with recurrences.

关键词： Hepatocellular Cancer Hepatic Organ System ectomy human-centered computing Optical Line Terminal Relapse class A Patients

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Detecting human Behavior Models From Multimodal Observation in a Smart Home

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2009年第4期6卷 588-597页

作者： Brdiczka, Oliver Langet, Matthieu Maisonnasse, Jerome Crowley, James L. Xerox Corp Palo Alto Res Ctr Comp Sci Lab Palo Alto CA 94304 USA INRIA Rhone Alpes Lab LIG Project PRIMA Rhone Alpes France

This paper addresses learning and recognition of human behavior models from multimodal observation in a smart home environment. The proposed approach is part of a framework for acquiring a high-level contextual model for human behavior in an augmented environment. A 3-D video tracking system creates and tracks entities (persons) in the scene. Further, a speech activity detector analyzes audio streams coming from head set microphones and determines for each entity, whether the entity speaks or not. An ambient sound detector detects noises in the environment. An individual role detector derives basic activity like "walking" or "interacting with table" from the extracted entity properties of the 3-D tracker. From the derived multimodal observations, different situations like "aperitif" or "presentation" are learned and detected using statistical models (HMMs). The objective of the proposed general framework is two-fold: the automatic offline analysis of human behavior recordings and the online detection of learned human behavior models. To evaluate the proposed approach, several multimodal recordings showing different situations have been conducted. The obtained results, in particular for offline analysis, are very good, showing that multimodality as well as multiperson observation generation are beneficial for situation recognition. Note to Practitioners-This paper was motivated by the problem of automatically recognizing human behavior and interactions in a smart home environment. The smart home environment is equipped with cameras and microphones that permit the observation of human activity in the scene. The objective is first to visualize the perceived human activities (e. g., for videoconferencing or surveillance of elderly people), and then to provide appropriate services based on these activities. We adopt a layered approach for human activity recognition in the environment. The layered framework is motivated by the human perception of human behavior in the sce

关键词： Context-awareness human-centered computing individual role detection multimodal human behavior modeling and detection situation modeling

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Multimodal interfaces: Challenges and perspectives

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JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND SMART ENVIRONMENTS 2009年第1期1卷 23-30页

作者： Sebe, Nicu Univ Amsterdam NL-1012 WX Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Trento Trento Italy

The development of interfaces has been a technology-driven process. However, the newly developed multimodal interfaces are using recognition-based technologies that must interpret human-speech, gesture, gaze, movement patterns, and other behavioral cues. As a result, the interface design requires a human-centered approach. In this paper we review the major approaches to multimodal human Computer Interaction, giving an overview of the user and task modeling, and of the multimodal fusion. We highlight the challenges, open issues, and the future trends in multimodal interfaces research.

关键词： Multimodal interfaces human-centered computing adaptability fusion interface design

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human-centered computing in health information systems Part 1: Analysis and design

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS 2005年第1期38卷 1-3页

作者： Zhang, JJ Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Sch Hlth Informat Sci Houston TX USA

Available online 7 January 2005.

关键词： human-centered computing human–computer interaction Health information system Patient safety User interface

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Aberrant DNA methylation profile of hepatocellular carcinoma and surgically resected margin

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CANCER SCIENCE 2009年第6期100卷 996-1004页

作者： Lou, Cheng Du, Zhi Yang, Bin Gao, YingTang Wang, YiJun Fang, ShuChang Tianjin Med Univ Cent Hosp 3 Dept Hepatobiliary Surg Tianjin 300170 Peoples R China Tianjin Key Lab Artificial Cell Tianjin 300170 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Coll Life Sci Dept Genet Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China

Field cancerization currently described the theory of tumorigenesis and, until now, has been described in almost all organ systems except in liver. For this reason, we explore the presence of field cancerization in liver and its underlying clinical implication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In our study, methylation profile of HCC and surgically resected margin (SRM) were established by methylation-specific PCR. Liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis and normal liver were treated in the same way as the background control. The correlation analysis among the methylation profile of HCC, SRM and clinicopathological data of HCC patients was made respectively. Our results showed that methylation abnormities related to HCC, but not background disease existed in histologically negative SRM. Monoclonal and polyclonal models may coexist in field cancerization in liver. Patients with RIZ1 methylation in SRM had a shorter disease free survival. The local recurrence trend of early and later recurrence in HCC is potentially related to a second field tumor. From these results, we can suggest that field cancerization exists in liver. The study of field cancerization in liver plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Second field tumor derived form field cancerization may have important implications in HCC prognosis assessment that is worthy of further study. (Cancer Sci 2009;100: 996-1004).

关键词： Tumor margin status Liver Body Systems standard reference materials Hepatocellular Cancer liver normal Correlation analysis Aberrant DNA Methylation DNA Methylation human-centered computing Methylation

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Once More, Into the Soup

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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2009年第5期24卷 9-13页

作者： Stappers, Pieter Jan Hoffman, Robert R. Delft Univ Technol NL-2600 AA Delft Netherlands

In one of the earlier essays in this department, we discussed a number of acronyms all having to do with system design, and all having the form \"x-centered design.\" The purpose of that essay was to demonstrate a broad framework within which to understand human-centered computing (HCC), and also to show the various convergences and divergences of the communities of practice that have introduced their own x-centered-design designations. Among them are learner-centered design, client-centered design, designer-centered design, decision-centered design, and work-oriented design.

关键词： user centred design client-centered design decision-centered design designer-centered design learner-centered design system design work-oriented design x-centered design human-centered computing co-creation contextual design design metadesign participatory design user-centered design

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Differential Roles of Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor- and Insulin Receptor-mediated Signaling in the Phenotypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

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NEOPLASIA 2009年第9期11卷 835-U177页

作者： Chen, Ya-Wen Boyartchuk, Victor Lewis, Brian C. Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Program Gene Funct & Express Worcester MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Program Mol Med Worcester MA 01605 USA Univ Massachusetts Sch Med Ctr Canc Worcester MA 01605 USA

Intrahepatic and extrahepatic metastases are common findings in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) expression is frequently induced in HCC, and serum IGF2 levels correlate with the presence of extrahepatic metastases. Yet, the role of IGF-induced signaling in the dissemination of HCC remains unclear. We have previously observed elevated IGF2 levels in tumors with metastatic potential in an HCC mouse model. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of IGF2, or its receptor IGF1R, impairs the migration and invasion activities of murine HCC cells. Furthermore, inhibition of IGF1R also impairs the ability of HCC cells to colonize the lungs after introduction into the circulation through the tail vein but does not impair subcutaneous tumor growth. Collectively, these findings suggest that IGF1R-mediated signaling plays a causative role in tumor dissemination but is not required for tumor growth per se. Although previous studies indicate that IGF ligands can signal through IGF1R/insulin receptor (IR) heterodimers, and IR-A homodimers, we demonstrate that the IR is not required for invasion and metastasis by HCC cells. Finally, we identify matrix metalloproteinase 2 as a mediator of the invasive phenotype downstream of IGF1R-induced signaling. Thus, our studies demonstrate the importance of IGF2-induced signaling in the dissemination of HCC cells.

关键词： Phenotype Hepatocellular Cancer carcinoma cell metastasis Dissemination insulin-like growth factor II Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 tumor growth Growth Factor Receptors Caudal Vein Somatomedins human-centered computing

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Diet-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in genetically predisposed mice

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human MOLECULAR GENETICS 2009年第16期18卷 2975-2988页

作者： Hill-Baskin, Annie E. Markiewski, Maciej M. Buchner, David A. Shao, Haifeng DeSantis, David Hsiao, Gene Subramaniam, Shankar Berger, Nathan A. Croniger, Colleen Lambris, John D. Nadeau, Joseph H. Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Genet Sch Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Univ Penn Dept Pathol & Lab Med Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Nutr Sch Med Cleveland OH 44106 USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Bioengn San Diego CA 93093 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Sch Med Case Ctr Transdisciplinary Res Energet & Canc Cleveland OH 44106 USA Case Western Reserve Univ Sch Med Case Comprehens Canc Ctr Cleveland OH 44106 USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, with similar to 70% of cases resulting from hepatitis B and C viral infections, aflatoxin exposure, chronic alcohol use or genetic liver diseases. The remaining similar to 30% of cases are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and related metabolic diseases, although a direct link between these pathologies and HCCs has not been established. We tested the long-term effects of high-fat and low-fat diets on males of two inbred strains of mice and discovered that C57BL/6J but not A/J males were susceptible to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC on a high-fat but not low-fat diet. This strain-diet interaction represents an important model for genetically controlled, diet-induced HCC. Susceptible mice showed morphological characteristics of NASH (steatosis, hepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis), dysplasia and HCC. mRNA profiles of HCCs versus tumor-free liver showed involvement of two signaling networks, one centered on Myc and the other on NF kappa B, similar to signaling described for the two major classes of HCC in humans. miRNA profiles revealed dramatically increased expression of a cluster of miRNAs on the X chromosome without amplification of the chromosomal segment. A switch from high-fat to low-fat diet reversed these outcomes, with switched C57BL/6J males being lean rather than obese and without evidence for NASH or HCCs at the end of the study. A similar diet modification may have important implications for prevention of HCCs in humans.

关键词： MicroRNAs Inbred Strain of Mice X Chromosome Metabolic Diseases Fat-Restricted Diet High-Fat Diet Obesity Dietary Modification human-centered computing

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