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Sunitinib and the benefits of a negative study

LANCET ONCOLOGY 2009年第8期10卷 743-744页

作者： Forner, Alejandro Llovet, Josep M. Bruix, Jordi Univ Barcelona Liver Unit BCLC GrpHosp ClinIDIBAPS Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest Barcelona Spain Mt Sinai Sch Med Div Liver Dis Mt Sinai Liver Canc Program New York NY USA

The efficacy of sorafenib for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has triggered major interest in molecular therapy in this setting and the search for agents or a combination of agents that exceed the benefits of sorafenib. An understanding of a new drug's mechanism of action is essential in determining whether the new agent has a unique therapeutic profile worth further testing, either alone or in combination. Additionally, proper description of patients and treatment effects in terms of response to therapy and of safety is essential. Cirrhosis underlies HCC in most patients and impairment of liver function-leading to life-threatening complications-is of major concern. It is important to note that molecular targeted agents do not induce a large number of objective tumour responses.3 Accordingly, capturing potential efficacy is based on time to tumour progression (TTP) data rather than in a reduction in tumour burden. New tools will be developed using imaging techniques to measure tumour perfusion and metabolic activity. However, until these are available, we must stick to definitions that can be used across studies.

关键词： benefits Neotragus moschatus Therapeutic procedure therapeutic aspects Treatment Outcome sunitinib sorafenib suni molecular therapy Tumours human-centered computing liver function

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human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling: Efficient Modeling of Robust Virtual human Conversations

Human-Centered Distributed Conversational Modeling: Efficien...

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9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents

作者： Rossen, Brent Lind, Scott Lok, Benjamin Univ Florida CISE Gainesville FL 32611 USA Med Coll Georgia Dept Surg Augusta GA 30912 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783642043796

Currently, applications that focus on providing conversations with virtual humans require extensive work to create robust conversational models. We present a new approach called human-centered Distributed Conversational Modeling. Using this approach, users create conversational models in a distributed manner. To do this, end-users interact with virtual humans to provide new stimuli (questions and statements), and domain-specific experts (e.g. medical/psychology educators) provide new virtual human responses. Using this process, users become the primary developers of conversational models. We tested our approach by creating an example application, Virtual People Factory. Using Virtual People Factory, a pharmacy instructor and 186 pharmacy students were able to create a robust conversational model in 15 hours. This is approximately 10% of the time typical in current approaches and results in more comprehensive coverage of the conversational space. In addition, surveys demonstrate the acceptability of this approach by both educators and students.

关键词： Virtual humans Agents and Intelligent Systems human-centered computing Distributed Knowledge Acquisition End-user Programming

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Easing the Smart Home: Translating human Hierarchies to Intelligent Environments

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10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks (IWANN 2009)

作者： Garcia-Herranz, Manuel Haya, Pablo A. Alaman, Xavier Univ Autonoma Madrid EPS AmILab E-28049 Madrid Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783642024771

Ubiquitous computing research have extended traditional environments in the so-called Intelligent Environments. All of them use their capabilities for pursuing their inhabitants's satisfaction, but the ways of getting it are most of the times unclear and frequently unshared among different users. This last problem becomes patent in shared environments in which users with different preferences live together. This article presents a solution translating human hierarchies to the Ubicomp domain, in a continuing effort for leveraging the control capabilities of the inhabitants in their on-growing capable environments. This mechanism, as a natural ubicomp extension of the coordination mechanism used daily by humans, has been implemented over a real environment: a living room equipped with ambient intelligence capabilities, and installed in two more: an intelligent classroom and an intelligent secure room.

关键词： Ubiquitous computing human-centered computing Rule-based processing Command and control

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AMBIENCE & COLLABORATION Embedded Agents in a human-centered World

AMBIENCE & COLLABORATION <i>Embedded Agents in a Human</i>-<...

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4th International Conference on Software and Data Technologies

作者： O'Grady, M. J. O'Hare, G. M. P. Tynan, R. Collier, R. W. Muldoon, C. Univ Coll Dublin CLARITY Ctr Sensor Web Technol Sch Comp Sci & Informat Dublin 4 Ireland Univ Coll Dublin Sch Comp Sci & Informat Dublin Ireland

ISBN: (纸本)9789896740108

Supporting people in the pursuit of their everyday activities is a laudable objective and one which researchers in various disciplines including computing, actively seek to accomplish. The dynamic nature of the end-user community, the environments in which they operate, and the multiplicity of tasks in which they engage in, all seem to conspire against the desired objective of providing services to the end-user community in a transparent, intuitive and context-aware fashion. Indeed, this inherent complexity raises fundamental problems for software engineers as they frequently lack the tools to effectively model the various scenarios that dynamic user behaviour give rise to. This difficulty is not limited to exotic applications or services;rather, it is characteristic of situations where a number of factors must be identified, interpreted, and reconciled such that an accurate model of the prevailing situation at a given moment in time can be constructed. Only in this way, can services be delivered that take into account the prevailing human, social, environmental and technological conditions. Constructing such services calls for a software solution that exhibits, amongst others, diffusion, autonomy, cooperation and intelligence. In this paper, the potential of embedded agents for realising such solutions is explored.

关键词： Ambient Intelligence Embedded agents human-centered computing

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Liver Resection with Portal Vein Thrombectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Vascular Invasion

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ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2009年第5期16卷 1254-1254页

作者： Aldrighetti, Luca Pulitano, Carlo Catena, Marco Arru, Marcella Guzzetti, Eleonora Halliday, Jane Ferla, Gianfranco Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele San Raffaele Sci Inst Dept Surg Liver Unit Milan Italy NHS Lothian Scotland

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tends to invade the intrahepatic vasculature, especially the portal vein.1 The presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in patients with HCC is one of the most significant factors for a poor prognosis.2 (-) 5 The presence of macroscopic PVTT in patients with HCC is also a significant factor for poor prognosis, with a median survival of < 3 months without treatment.1 In surgically resected series, in patients with gross PVTT (PVTT in the portal trunk, its first-order branch, or its second-order branch), the 3-year and 5-year survival rates are reportedly 15% to 28% and 0% to 17%, respectively.2 (-) 5 The patient was a 77-year-old woman with well-compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis (stage A6 according to Child-Pugh classification) who sought care at our department for vague abdominal discomfort. Triphasic spiral computed tomographic scan confirmed HCC 6 cm in diameter in the left lobe of the liver. In addition, portal vein tumor thrombosis of the left branch that extended to the right portal vein was present. The procedure included left hepatectomy and en-bloc portal vein thrombectomy with clamping of both the common portal vein trunk and the right portal vein. The portal vein was incised at the bifurcation of the right and left portal veins, and the thrombus was extracted from the incision in the portal vein. With this procedure, we were able to examine under direct vision the exact extent of the portal vein thrombus, and we identified whether the tumor thrombus was adherent to the venous wall or was freely floating in the venous lumen. Portal clamping and length of operation were 16 and 330 minutes, respectively. Intraoperative blood loss was 550 mL. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 6, and she was free of disease at 15 months after surgery. Liver resection should be considered a valid therapeutic option for HCC with PVTT.

关键词： Thrombus ordered branch Tumor thrombus poor prognosis Hepatocellular Cancer Left Lobe of the Liver vein wall Hepatectomy Clamping human-centered computing Right hepatic portal vein Thrombectomy Portal Vein

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Anti-Hepatitis B Virus X Protein in Sera Is One of the Markers of Development of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer Mediated by HBV

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2009年第unknown期2009卷 1-6页

作者： Zhang, Hang Wu, Lian-Ying Zhang, Shuai Qiu, Li-Yan Li, Nan Zhang, Xuan Zhang, Xue-Zhi Shan, Chang-Liang Ye, Li-Hong Zhang, Xiao-Dong Nankai Univ Coll Life Sci Dept Biochem Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China Nankai Univ Coll Life Sci Inst Mol Biol Minist EducDept Canc ResKey Lab Mol Microbiol & Tianjin 300071 Peoples R China

Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the significance of circulating antibody to hepatitis B virus X antigen (anti-HBx) in sera remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the titers of anti-HBx (IgG) in the sera from 173 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 106 liver cirrhosis (LC), and 61 HCC by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our data showed that the positive rates of anti-HBx were higher in sera of LC (40.6%) and HCC (34.4%) than those of CHB (10.4%), P < .05. In all 40 patients with anti-HBx+ out of 340 patients, 39 (97.5%) were HBsAg/HBeAg/anti-HBc+ and 1 (2.5%) was anti-HBs+ (P < .01), suggesting that anti-HBx in sera is a marker of HBV replication rather than a protective antibody. Thus, our findings reveal that circulating anti-HBx in sera is one of the markers of development of LC and HCC mediated by HBV. Copyright (C) 2009 Hang Zhang et al.

关键词： hepatitis B virus X protein Herpesvirus B Cancer of Liver Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B Antibodies line controller Serum human-centered computing

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in GNMT-/- mice

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TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY 2009年第2期237卷 246-246页

作者： Wagner, Conrad Luka, Zigmund Mato, Jose M. Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med Dept Biochem Nashville TN 37232 USA CIBERehd CIC bioGUNE Bizkaia Spain

The article "Glycine N-methyltransferase affects the metabolism of aflatoxin Bl and blocks its carcinogenic effect" from a group under the leadership of Dr. Arthur Chen in Taiwan is misleading (Yen, 2009). The first sentence of the abstract states that "Previously, we reported that glycine N-methyl-transferase (GNMT) knockout mice develop chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) spontaneously." This implies that these authors were the first to demonstrate this when, in fact, our group (Luka, Mato and Wagner) demonstrated this earlier.

关键词： Hepatocellular Cancer Taiwan Leadership GNMT gene knockout mouse Glycine N-Methyltransferase Aflatoxins Glycine Chronic Hepatitis human-centered computing snow goose

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Chumby: An experiment in hackable pervasive computing

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IEEE PERVASIVE computing 2008年第3期7卷 55-62页

作者： Huang, Andrew (bunnie) Chumby Industries

As computers become more pervasive, they become more personal. The ultimate pervasive computer would be as unique as the individual it serves. Unfortunately, consumer products are typically closed to protect the manuf... 详细信息

关键词： hacking human-centered computing intellectual property rights open source ubiquitous computing consumer products Ubiquitous computing Computers Intellectual Property open source Computer hacking human-centered computing

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Coagulation property of hyaluronic acid-collagen/chitosan complex film

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008年第12期19卷 3621-3629页

作者： Wu, Yangzhe Hu, Yi Cai, Jiye Ma, Shuyuan Wang, Xiaoping Jinan Univ Dept Chem Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China Jinan Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China

Biomacromolecule has been widely used as biomedical material. Because different biomacromolecules possess different properties, how to exhibit the respective advantages of different components on one type of biomaterial becomes the hot spot in the field of biomaterial studying. This work reported a type of complex film that consisted of hyaluronic acid (HA), type I collagen (Col-I), and chitosan (CS) (HA-Col-I/CS, HCC). Then, a series of experiments were performed, such as inverted microscopic observation, atomic force microscopic (AFM) imaging, flow cytometry (FCM) measurement, MTT assay, and MIC assay. In the present work, we observed the growing condition of 3T3 fibroblasts on the surface of the HCC complex film, visualized the morphological changes of platelets during the coagulation process, and discovered microparticles on the platelet membrane. Moreover, we confirmed the microparticles are the platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) using the FCM. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HCC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) 8099 was 0.025 mg/ml, against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 was 0.1 mg/ml. The results together indicated that the HCC film possessed promising coagulation property, cell compatibility and anti-bacteria property, and the potential in future clinical application such as wound healing and bandage.

关键词： microparticles Biocompatible Materials MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES Films Escherichia coli human-centered computing Blood Platelets

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Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and current treatment options

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SEMINARS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2008年第2期38卷 S13-S18页

作者： Raoul, Jena-Luc Ctr Reg Lutte Contre Canc F-35042 Rennes France

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer and the most severe complication of chronic liver disease. The annual number of new cases worldwide is approximately 550,000, representing more than 5% of human cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The stages of the malignancy as well as the severity of the underlying liver disease are essential factors in planning the therapeutic approach. Curative treatment options are represented mainly by surgery (ie, resection or transplantation), but most patients are not candidates for a curative option, and only palliative treatment could be given to these patients. Among palliative treatments, only chemoembolization has been proven to be effective, but other options are currently being investigated. Major risk factors for HCC are well known and are dependent on the geographic area. In Europe, the United States, and Japan, the main risk factors are liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B and C virus, alcohol, and tobacco;in contrast, in Africa and Asia, these factors are hepatitis B and C virus, tobacco use, and aflatoxin exposure. Cirrhosis from any cause is a predisposing factor for HCC and could be considered as a premalignant condition. The present concept of carcinogenesis in HCC is a multistage process. This article describes the natural history of HCC and discusses the various treatment options available at present.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Chemoembolization Therapeutic Cocarcinogenesis 癌肝细胞化学栓塞治疗性辅致癌作用肝炎病毒性人碘放射性同位素 chemoembolization Natural history Hepatocellular Cancer Cocarcinogenesis Terminal Care Risk Factors Hepatitis B human-centered computing Primary Malignant Neoplasm of Liver Carcinoma Predisposing Factors

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