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Equations to Calculate Collapse Strength for High Collapse Casing

JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2013年第4期135卷 041202-041202页

作者： Lin, Yuanhua Sun, Yongxing Shi, Taihe Deng, Kuanhai Han, Liexiang Sun, Haifang Zeng, Dezhi Zhu, Hongjun State Key Lab Oil & Gas Reservoir Geol & Exploita Chengdu 610500 Sichuan Peoples R China Drilling & Prod Engn Technol Res Inst CCDC Guanghan 618300 Sichuan Peoples R China

As wells are drilled deeper, the external pressures applied to well casing become greater. Conventional America Petroleum Institute (API) casing strength cannot meet the strength criteria of high pressure, high temperature, and high H2S (HPHTHS) gas wells which are called "3-high" gas wells. When high collapse casing (HCC) is applied in oil fields, it has obviously improved collapse properties in excess of API ratings. HCC shows a very high resistance to tension load, internal pressure, and collapse, as well as being highly resistant to sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC), and it also can be used for deep and sour gas and oil fields. For imperfections of the API 5C3 collapse formula, the joint API/ISO work group ISOTC67 SC5 WG2b have proposed the current API Bulletin 5C3, and a new collapse strength model with manufacturing imperfections, such as ovality, eccentricity, residual stress, etc., improves the casing strength calculation accuracy and increases the benefits for casing strength design, rather than just using API Bulletin 5C3. The study on the new ISO collapse model has found that it is inappropriate to predict the collapse strength of the high collapse casing. As a result, on the basis of my work group results, a new high collapse model for predicting the collapse strength of all HCC has been presented. Numerical and experimental comparisons show that the "new high collapse model" predicts higher accuracy than that of ISO, and this will make great improvements in the casing design of deep and ultradeep wells on the basis of HCC material safety, which was guaranteed.

关键词： Collapse properties Sour gas Casings Work Group Collapse strength Strength design high temperature high pressure treatment Collapse OIL FIELD human-centered computing WELLS

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The Role of Individual Difference in Judging Expressiveness of Computer-Assisted Music Performances by Experts

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED PERCEPTION 2015年第4期11卷 22-22页

作者： De Poli, Giovanni Canazza, Sergio Roda, Antonio Schubert, Emery Univ Padua Dept Informat Engn CSC I-35131 Padua Italy Univ New S Wales Sch Arts & Media Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Computational systems for generating expressive musical performances have been studied for several decades now. These models are generally evaluated by comparing their predictions with actual performances, both from a performance parameter and a subjective point of view, often focusing on very specific aspects of the model. However, little is known about how listeners evaluate the generated performances and what factors influence their judgement and appreciation. In this article, we present two studies, conducted during two dedicated workshops, to start understanding how the audience judges entire performances employing different approaches to generating musical expression. In the preliminary study, 40 participants completed a questionnaire in response to five different computer-generated and computer-assisted performances, rating preference and describing the expressiveness of the performances. In the second, "GATM" (Gruppo di Analisi e Teoria Musicale) study, 23 participants also completed the Music Cognitive Style questionnaire. Results indicated that music systemizers tend to describe musical expression in terms of the formal aspects of the music, and music empathizers tend to report expressiveness in terms of emotions and characters. However, high systemizers did not differ from high empathizers in their mean preference score across the five pieces. We also concluded that listeners tend not to focus on the basic technical aspects of playing when judging computer-assisted and computer-generated performances. Implications for the significance of individual differences in judging musical expression are discussed.

关键词： human Factors Experimentation Cognitive styles human-centered computing music performance

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Straightforward and Highly Efficient Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery Using a Nonglycopeptide-Based Mass Spectrometry Pipeline

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019年第19期91卷 12435-12443页

作者： Cao, Wei-Qian Jiang, Bi-Yun Huang, Jiang-Ming Zhang, Lei Liu, Ming-Qi Yao, Jun Wu, Meng-Xi Zhang, Li-Juan Kong, Si-Yuan Wang, Yi Yang, Peng-Yuan Fudan Univ Peoples Hosp Shanghai 5 Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Inst Biomed Sci Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ NHC Key Lab Glycoconjugates Res Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China Fudan Univ Dept Chem Shanghai 200433 Peoples R China

Efficient detection of aberrant glycoproteins in serum is particularly important for biomarker discovery. However, direct quantitation of glycoproteins in serum remains technically challenging because of the extraordinary complexity of the serum proteome. In the current work, we proposed a straightforward and highly efficient strategy by using the nonglycopeptides releasing from the specifically enriched glycoproteins for targeted glycoprotein quantification. With this so-called nonglycopeptide-based mass spectrometry (NGP-MS) strategy, a powerful and nondiscriminatory pipeline for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) glycoprotein biomarker discovery, verification, and validation has been developed. First, a data set of 234 NGPs was strictly established for multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantification in serum. Second, the NGPs enriched from 20 HCC serum mixtures and 20 normal serum mixtures were labeled with mTRAQ reagents (Delta 0 and Delta 8, respectively) to find the differentially expressed glycoproteins in HCC. A total of 97 glycoprotein candidates were preliminarily screened and submitted for absolute quantitation with NGP-based stable-isotope-labeled (SID)-MRM in the individual samples of 38 HCC serum and 24 normal controls. Finally, 21 glycoproteins were absolutely quantified with high quality. The diagnostic sensitivity results showed that three glycoproteins, beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (APOH), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (ORM2), and complement C3 (C3), could be used for the discrimination between HCC patients and healthy people. A novel glycoprotein biomarker panel [APOH, ORM2, C3, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)] has proven to outperform AFP, the known HCC serum biomarker, alone, in this study. We believe that this strategy and the panel of glycoproteins might hold great clinical value for HCC detection in the future.

关键词： Biological Markers Glycoproteins Serum Quantitation human-centered computing

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RenalViz: Visual analysis of cohorts with chronic kidney disease

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COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK 2024年 125卷

作者： Hoehn, Markus Schwindt-Drews, Sarah Hahn, Sara Patyna, Sammy Buettner, Stefan Kohlhammer, Joern Fraunhofer Inst Comp G Res IGD Darmstadt Germany Tech Univ Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany Darmstadt Univ Appl Sci Darmstadt Germany Goethe Univ Univ Hosp Dept Internal Med 4 Nephrol Frankfurt Germany Univ Hosp Frankfurt Dept Nephrol Med Clin 4 Frankfurt Germany Klinikum Aschaffenburg Alzenau Med Clin Cardiol Pneumol Nephrol & Intens Care Med Aschaffenburg Germany

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a prominent health problem. Progressive CKD leads to impaired kidney function with decreased ability to filter the patients' blood, concluding in multiple complications, like heart disease and ultimately death from the disease. In previous work, we developed a prototype to support nephrologists in gaining an overview of their CKD patients. The prototype visualizes the patients in cohorts according to their pairwise similarity. The user can interactively modify the similarity by changing the underlying weights of the included features. The work in this paper expands upon this previous work by the enlargement of the data set and the user interface of the application. With a focus on the distinction between individual CKD classes we introduce a color scheme used throughout all visualization. Furthermore, the visualizations were adopted to display the data of several patients at once. This also involved the option to align the visualizations to sentinel points, such as the onset of a particular CKD stage, in order to quantify the progression of all selected patients in relation to this event. The prototype was developed in response to the identified potential for improvement of the earlier application. An additional user study concerning the intuitiveness and usability confirms good results for the prototype and leads to the assessment of an easy-to-use approach.

关键词： human-centered computing Visualization Interface design prototyping Visual analytics

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Building trust in remote attestation through transparency - a qualitative user study on observable attestation

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BEHAVIOUR & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2024年

作者： Linsner, Sebastian Demuth, Kilian Surminski, Sebastian Davi, Lucas Reuter, Christian Tech Univ Darmstadt PEASEC Darmstadt Germany Univ Duisburg Essen Essen Germany

Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become increasingly important within the smart home domain, making the security of the devices a critical aspect. The majority of IoT devices are black-box systems running closed and pre-installed firmware. This raises concerns about the trustworthiness of these devices, especially considering that some of them are shipped with a microphone or a camera. Remote attestation aims at validating the trustworthiness of these devices by verifying the integrity of the software. However, users cannot validate whether the attestation has actually taken place and has not been manipulated by an attacker, raising the need for HCI research on trust and understandability. We conducted a qualitative study with 35 participants, investigating trust in the attestation process and whether this trust can be improved by additional explanations in the application. We developed an application that allows users to attest a smart speaker using their smartphone over an audio channel to identify the attested device and observe the attestation process. In order to observe the differences between the applications with and without explanations, we performed A/B testing. We discovered that trust increases when additional explanations of the technical process are provided, improving the understanding of the attestation process.

关键词： Usable security remote attestation user study IoT trust security and privacy usability in security and privacy human-centered computing empirical studies in HCI

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Bio-inspired and cognitive approaches in cryptography and security applications

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CONCURRENCY AND COMPUTATION-PRACTICE & EXPERIENCE 2018年第2期30卷 e4385.1-e4385.2页

作者： Ogiela, Marek R. Ko, Hoon AGH Univ Sci & Technol 30 Mickiewicza Ave PL-30059 Krakow Poland Chosun Univ IT Res Inst 309 Pilmun Daero Gwangju 61452 South Korea

The modern solutions in Internet technologies like IoT, Cloud, and Pervasive computing, as well as new computation approaches are due to the rapid development of the critical infrastructure and also different methods, providing the secure communication between remoted peers. Recent progress in ubiquitous computing is made possible, thanks to the application of the cutting edge achievements in soft computing, cognitive information systems, and a number of other techniques like ambient intelligence, human-centered computing, bio-inspired computation, etc. Recently, such methods have had a great importance and made it possible to intelligently analyze and perform analytics research in a great amount of complex data (Big Data) as well as manage in secure manner the data transmissions over global communication networks, which also contributing to the development of pervasive and mobile computing (Edge, Fog, and Cloud computing).

关键词： Security applications Computer based information systems Ubiquitous computing data transmission Communication system security Cloud computing Cognitive Therapy human-centered computing cryptography Global communication arithmetic

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Gideon Replay: A library to replay interactions in web-applications

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SOFTWAREX 2022年 17卷

作者： Langer, Tristan Meyes, Richard Meisen, Tobias Univ Wuppertal Chair Technol & Management Digital Transformat Wuppertal Germany

Provenance research has gained attention in recent years. While this initially gave rise to many proprietary solutions, more recently some free libraries have been released that enable provenance tracking in almost any web application. In this regard, these solutions rely on the tracking of states and state changes within the application. However, essential information, e.g., whether a user hesitated at certain points when clicking, is lost or cannot be extracted from a state view. In order to address this issue, we have developed Gideon Replay: A publicly, freely available library that can be integrated into any web application with just a few lines of code to record and replay user interactions such as mouse clicks and keystrokes. Interaction replays can be controlled through a web player interface, which shows activity types and idle times as well as an attention heat map. In addition, we enable the export of all interactions for later analysis. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： human-centered computing Visualization systems and tools Analytic provenance User studies

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CLERA: A Unified Model for Joint Cognitive Load and Eye Region Analysis in the Wild

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ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-human INTERACTION 2023年第6期30卷 84-84页

作者： Ding, Li Terwilliger, Jack Parab, Aishni Wang, Meng Fridman, Lex Mehler, Bruce Reimer, Bryan Univ Massachusetts Amherst Amherst MA 01002 USA Univ Calif San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA Univ Calif Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095 USA MIT Cambridge MA 02142 USA

Non-intrusive, real-time analysis of the dynamics of the eye region allows us to monitor humans' visual attention allocation and estimate their mental state during the performance of real-world tasks, which can potentially benefit a wide range of human-computer interaction (HCI) applications. While commercial eye-tracking devices have been frequently employed, the difficulty of customizing these devices places unnecessary constraints on the exploration of more efficient, end-to-end models of eye dynamics. In this work, we propose CLERA, a unified model for Cognitive Load and Eye Region Analysis, which achieves precise keypoint detection and spatiotemporal tracking in a joint-learning framework. Our method demonstrates significant efficiency and outperforms prior work on tasks including cognitive load estimation, eye landmark detection, and blink estimation. We also introduce a large-scale dataset of 30 k human faces with joint pupil, eye-openness, and landmark annotation, which aims at supporting future HCI research on human factors and eye-related analysis.

关键词： human-centered computing cognitive load estimation pupil detection driver monitoring systems computer vision machine learning

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The Enactive Torch: A New Tool for the Science of Perception

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON HAPTICS 2012年第4期5卷 365-375页

作者： Froese, Tom McGann, Marek Bigge, William Spiers, Adam Seth, Anil K. Univ Tokyo Ikegami Lab Dept Gen Syst Studies Meguro Ku Tokyo 1538902 Japan Univ Sussex Sackler Ctr Consciousness Sci Brighton BN1 9RH E Sussex England Univ Limerick Dept Psychol Mary Immaculate Coll Limerick Ireland Univ Sussex Dept Informat Stratford Upon Avon CV37 9JG Warwick England Univ W England Bristol Robot Lab Bristol BS6 1QY Avon England Univ Sussex Sackler Ctr Consciousness Sci Dept Informat Brighton BN1 9QJ E Sussex England

The cognitive sciences are increasingly coming to terms with the embodied, embedded, extended, and experiential aspects of the mind. Exemplifying this shift, the enactive approach points to an essential role of goal-directed bodily activity in the generation of meaningful perceptual experience, i.e., sense-making. Here, building on recent insights into the transformative effects of practical tool-use, we make use of the enactive approach in order to provide a definition of an enactive interface in terms of augmented sense-making. We introduce such a custom-built interface, the Enactive Torch, and present a study of its experiential effects. The results demonstrate that the user experience is not adequately captured by any standardly assumed perceptual modality;rather, it is a new feeling that is mediated by the design of the device and shaped by the overall situation of the task. Taken together these findings show that there is much to be gained by synergies between engineering and the cognitive sciences in the creation of new experience-centered technology. We suggest that the guiding principle should be the design of interfaces that serve as a transparent medium for augmenting our natural skills of interaction with the world, instead of requiring conscious attention to the interface as an opaque object in the world.

关键词： Deployment usage experience Haptic I/O human-centered computing user-centered design

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Using Graphs to Perform Effective Sensor-Based human Activity Recognition in Smart Homes

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SENSORS 2024年第12期24卷 3944页

作者： Srivatsa, P. Ploetz, Thomas Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA

There has been a resurgence of applications focused on human activity recognition (HAR) in smart homes, especially in the field of ambient intelligence and assisted-living technologies. However, such applications present numerous significant challenges to any automated analysis system operating in the real world, such as variability, sparsity, and noise in sensor measurements. Although state-of-the-art HAR systems have made considerable strides in addressing some of these challenges, they suffer from a practical limitation: they require successful pre-segmentation of continuous sensor data streams prior to automated recognition, i.e., they assume that an oracle is present during deployment, and that it is capable of identifying time windows of interest across discrete sensor events. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel graph-guided neural network approach that performs activity recognition by learning explicit co-firing relationships between sensors. We accomplish this by learning a more expressive graph structure representing the sensor network in a smart home in a data-driven manner. Our approach maps discrete input sensor measurements to a feature space through the application of attention mechanisms and hierarchical pooling of node embeddings. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach by conducting several experiments on CASAS datasets, showing that the resulting graph-guided neural network outperforms the state-of-the-art method for HAR in smart homes across multiple datasets and by large margins. These results are promising because they push HAR for smart homes closer to real-world applications.

关键词： human-centered computing ubiquitous and mobile computing machine learning smart-home human activity recognition pattern recognition

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