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Integrating perceptual and cognitive modeling for adaptive and intelligent human-computer interaction

PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2002年第7期90卷 1272-1289页

作者： Duric, Z Gray, WD Heishman, R Li, FY Rosenfeld, A Schoelles, MJ Schunn, C Wechsler, H George Mason Univ Dept Comp Sci Fairfax VA 22030 USA Rensselaer Polytech Inst Dept Cognit Sci Troy NY 12180 USA Univ Maryland Ctr Automat Res College Pk MD 20742 USA George Mason Univ Dept Psychol ARCH Lab HFAC Program Fairfax VA 22030 USA Univ Pittsburgh LRDC Learning Res & Dev Ctr Dept Psychol Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA

This paper describes technology and tools for intelligent human-computer interaction (IHCI) where human cognitive, perceptual, motor and affective factors are modeled and used to adapt the H-C interface. IHCI emphasizes that human behavior encompasses both apparent human behavior and the hidden mental state behind behavioral performance. IHCI expands on the interpretation of human activities, known as W4 (what, where, when, who). While W4 only addresses the apparent perceptual aspect of human behavior the W5+ technology for IHCI described in this paper addresses also the why and how questions, whose solution requires recognizing specific cognitive states. IHCI integrates parsing and interpretation of nonverbal information with a computational cognitive model of the user which, in turn, feeds into processes that adapt the interface to enhance operator performance and provide for rational decision-making. The technology proposed is based on a general four-stage interactive framework, which moves from parsing the raw sensory-motor input, to interpreting the user's motions and emotions, to building an understanding of the user's current cognitive state. It then diagnoses various problems in the situation and adapts the interface appropriately. The interactive component of the system improves processing at each stage. Examples of perceptual, behavioral, and cognitive tools are described throughout the paper Adaptive and intelligent HCI are important for novel applications of computing, including ubiquitous and human-centered computing.

关键词： adaptation behavioral performance cognitive modeling decision-making feedback human-centered computing human-computer interaction (HCI) intelligent interfaces interpretation of human behavior nonverbal information perceptual modeling ubiquitous computing

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DNA methylation and environmental exposures in human hepatocellular carcinoma

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JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 2002年第10期94卷 755-761页

作者： Shen, LL Ahuja, N Shen, Y Habib, NA Toyota, M Rashid, A Issa, JPJ Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Leukemia Dept Houston TX 77030 USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Biostat Houston TX 77030 USA Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr Dept Pathol Houston TX 77030 USA Johns Hopkins Oncol Ctr Baltimore MD USA Hammersmith Hosp Dept Surg London W12 0HS England

Background: Hypermethylation of a CpG-rich promoter (CpG island) blocks expression of the corresponding gene. The CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), defined as a variable pattern of hypermethylation of CpG islands in tumor suppressor genes, may be associated with carcinogenesis. To determine whether CIMP is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and with exposure to environmental agents, we examined the methylation status of CpG islands in HCCs from countries with various HCC risks. Methods: We examined the methylation status of 12 CpG islands (eight for known genes) in 85 HCC tumors from various geographic locations by use of bisulfite-polymerase chain reaction methylation assays and analyzed results with univariate and multivariable methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Eight CpG islands were hypermethylated. The frequency of hypermethylation in the 85 tumors was 62% for the estrogen receptor (ER), 42 % for p 16, 18 % for cyclooxygenase-2, 21 % for the T-type calcium channel gene, 38% for MINT31, 28% for MINT1, 15 % for MINT27, and 11 % for MINT2 (the latter four CpG islands are not yet associated with genes). Methylation levels of the eight frequently methylated CpG islands were positively correlated (from R =.2 [P =.05] to R =.6 [P<.001]), supporting the presence of CIMP. p16 methylation had statistically significant geographic variation (34.4% in tumors from China and Egypt versus 12.2% in tumors from the United States and Europe, difference = 22.2%;95% confidence interval [CI] = 11.2% to 33.2%;P<.001). Similar geographic variations were observed for ER methylation and CIMP. This observation was partly related to higher methylation in tumors from patients with cirrhosis (33.6% for patients with cirrhosis versus 11.7% for those without it;difference = 21.9%;95% CI = 10.9% to 32.8%;P<.001) or hepatitis (34.2% for patients with hepatitis versus 6.2% for those without it;difference = 28%;95% CI = 18.3% to 37.6%;P<.0

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular CpG Islands DNA Methylation Environmental Exposure 癌肝细胞 CpG岛 DNA甲基化环境暴露 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Environmental Exposure Methylation CpG Islands DNA Methylation Tumours Hypermethylation human-centered computing Carcinoma

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Rationale and feasibility of chemoprovention of hepatocellular carcinoma by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors

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JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002年第4期139卷 234-243页

作者： Hu, KQ Loma Linda Univ Med Ctr Inst Transplantat Loma Linda CA 92354 USA Loma Linda Univ Med Ctr Div Gastroenterol Loma Linda CA 92354 USA Loma Linda Univ Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Affairs Med Ctr Loma Linda CA 92354 USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a growing health problem worldwide. The limited treatment and poor prognosis of this disease emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention, including chemoprevention. Improvement in early diagnosis of HCC and regular screen of individuals with increased risk for HCC provide the possibility of effective chemoprevention for HCC in the future. Hepato-carcinogenesis is best described as a continuity of regeneration, proliferation, unregulated hyperplasia, dysplasia, and malignant transformation. Uncontrolled proliferation of hepatocytes clearly plays a key role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been associated with tumori-genesis of colon cancer. Selective COX-2 inhibitors possess potent suppression on the growth of colon cancer. Overexpression of COX-2 has also recently been demonstrated in patients with HCC, especially in nontumorous tissue with cirrhosis and well-differentiated tumorous tissue. In vitro studies have revealed that both NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, and sulindac, an analog of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, effectively inhibit growth of human hepatoma cell lines, which is mediated by a decreased rate of cell proliferation. Although further In vivo studies are required in animal models to confirm these findings and define optimal doses for future clinical trials In human subjects, these findings provide a rationale for the use of COX-2 inhibitors as HCC chemoprevention.

关键词： Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase inhibitors cyclooxygenase 2 Chemoprevention 前列腺素内过氧化物合酶化学预防 Cell Proliferation Chemoprevention Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases Hepatocellular Cancer PTGS2 gene Cyclooxygenase 2 Early Diagnosis Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors Cancer of Colon human-centered computing

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Expanded interactions: broadening human-centered computing 98

Expanded interactions: broadening human-centered computing

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Proceedings of the third international ACM conference on Assistive technologies

作者： Richard A. Foulds Arthur W. Joyce University of Delaware 1600 Rockland Road Wilmington DE

ISBN: (纸本)9781581130201

n this paper, we describe the preliminary results of an NSF sponsored invitational workshop entitled Expanded Interaction: Broadening human-centered computing. The workshop brought together members of academia, industry and government, as well as individuals with disabilities to examine the commonalities and expansion of human-computer interaction and universal design. The underlying theme was to encourage a scientific understand of the diversity of human performance.

关键词： telecommunications universal access intermedia human-centered computing disabilities multimodal

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Analysis of the IGF axis in preneoplastic hepatic foci and hepatocellular neoplasms developing after low-number pancreatic islet transplantation into the livers of streptozotocin diabetic rats

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LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2000年第9期80卷 1399-1411页

作者： Scharf, JG Ramadori, G Dombrowski, F Univ Gottingen Dept Med Div Gastroenterol & Endocrinol D-37075 Gottingen Germany Univ Bonn Inst Pathol D-5300 Bonn Germany

Preneoplastic hepatic foci have been demonstrated in liver acini, which drain the blood from intraportally transplanted pancreatic islets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with mild persisting diabetes. In long-term studies of this animal model, hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas (HCC) developed after a sequence of characteristic preneoplastic hepatic fool. In this experimental model, the local hyperinsulinism is thought to have a causative role. Because insulin and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis are closely linked, an altered gene expression of the IGF axis components is likely. Therefore, preneoplastic hepatic foci and HCC were studied for the expression of IGF axis components. Glycogen-storing "early" preneoplastic hepatic fool were detectable several days after pancreatic islet transplantation. Northern blot analysis, in-situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical studies of these "early" lesions demonstrated increased expressions of IGF-I and IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) in altered parenchymal cells, and a decreased expression of IGFBP-1. IGF-II was not detected in these preneoplastic fool. HCC arising in this model had decreased expressions of IGF-I and IGFBP-4 but IGFBP-1 expression was not significantly altered. Some HCC showed a more than 100-fold overexpression of IGF-II, whereas other tumors were completely negative for IGF-II expression. Low IGF-I receptor expression was detected in preneoplastic foci and adjacent nonaltered liver tissue. However, HCC tissue consistently showed an increased IGF-I receptor expression, rendering these tissues susceptible to the mitogenic effects of IGF. The altered gene expression in glycogen-storing preneoplastic hepatic foci, especially the up-regulation of IGF-I and IGFBP-4 with the down-regulation of IGFBP-1, resemble the insulin-dependent regulation of these components in normal rat hepatocytes. These data agree with previous studies demonstrating a correspondence of the focal character, morpho

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Experimental Islets of Langerhans Transplantation Liver Neoplasms 糖尿病实验性胰岛移植肝肿瘤癌前状态 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 Islets of Langerhans Transplantation Hepatic Organ System Liver Somatomedins Diabetes Mellitus human-centered computing Liver Neoplasms

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Recurrent chromosome alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma detected by comparative genomic hybridization

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GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER 2000年第2期29卷 110-116页

作者： Guan, XY Fang, Y Sham, JST Kwong, DLW Zhang, YQ Liang, QW Li, HM Zhou, H Trent, JM Univ Hong Kong Queen Mary Hosp Dept Clin Oncol Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Inst Canc Guangzhou Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Canc Hosp Guangzhou Peoples R China NHGRI Canc Genet Branch NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a very poor prognosis. Fifty primary HCC cases have been analyzed in the present study to explore the association between genomic alteration in primary HCC and clinical features. Several recurrent chromosomal abnormalities were identified in this study. The most frequently detected chromosomal gains involved chromosome arms Iq (33/50 cases, 66%), 8q (24/50 cases, 48%), and 20q (10/50 cases, 20%). High-copy-number amplifications involving Iq (4 cases), 8q (3 cases), and 20q (3 cases) were detected, and a minimum overlapping amplified region at 1q12-q22 was identified. The most frequently detected loss of chromosomal material involved 16q (35/50 cases, 70%), 17p (26/50 cases, 52%), 19p (21/50 cases, 42%), 4q (20/50 cases, 40%), 1p(18/50 cases, 36%), 8p(16/50 cases, 32%), and 22q (14/50 cases, 28%). The associations between genomic alterations detected in the present study and clinical features including clinical stage, tumor size, HBV infection, chronic liver disease, and liver cirrhosis were explored. Our CGH results suggest that the gain of 20q and deletion of 8p are late genetic alterations in HCC, because the incidence of these alterations was obviously increased in the advanced clinical stages. Another finding showed that loss of 8p and gain of 8q and 20q are associated with tumor size. The recurrent gain and loss of chromosomal regions identified in this study provide candidate regions that may contain oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes respectively involved in HCC development and progression. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Chromosome Abnormalities Liver Neoplasms 癌肝细胞染色体异常肝肿瘤 Chromosome Aberrations Carcinoma Tumor Suppressor Genes Oncogenes Liver Neoplasms tumor size human-centered computing cases (containers) Gain clinical stages

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Loss of cell-cell contact is induced by integrin-mediated cell-substratum adhesion in highly-motile and highly-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells

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LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 2000年第3期80卷 387-394页

作者： Genda, T Sakamoto, M Ichida, T Asakura, H Hirohashi, S Natl Canc Ctr Res Inst Div Pathol Chuo Ku Tokyo Japan Niigata Univ Fac Med Dept Internal Med 3 Niigata Japan

The cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion system plays a critical role in normal development and morphogenesis. Inactivation of this system is thought to be responsible for cancer invasion and metastasis. A human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line, KYN-2, was observed to have great potential for intrahepatic metastasis when orthotopically implanted into the liver of SCID mice. In vitro cultures of KYN-2 cells showed that they formed trabecular structures in suspension but lost tight cell-cell adhesion and became scattered when attached to a substratum such as collagen or fibronectin. In response to adhesion to the substratum, subcellular colocalization of E-cadherin and actin filaments were shown to be reduced, and a significant amount of alpha-catenin was dissociated from the E-cadherin-catenin complex in KYN-2 cells. These changes of cell-cell adhesion were blocked by inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against beta 1 and beta 5 integrins. We found that c-Src was coimmunoprecipitated with E-cadherin-catenin complex and was tyrosine-dephosphorylated and activated in the adherent cells. The tyrosine dephosphorylation of c-Src was induced by cell adhesion to the substratum and inhibited by addition of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against beta 1 and beta 5 integrins. These findings indicate that integrin-mediated cell-substratum adhesion inhibits cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, possibly through c-Src activation, and suggest that this cross-talk mediates transient inactivation of the cadherin system and plays an important role in intrahepatic metastasis of human HCC. Modulation of this interaction might provide a new approach to prevent metastasis and recurrence of HCC.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Cell Adhesion Cell Communication Integrins 癌肝细胞细胞粘附细胞交流结合素类肝肿瘤 Cell Adhesion metastasis Adhesion c-src Genes human-centered computing integrin beta5 SCID Mice Carcinoma Integrins Cell Communication

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Resection or transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: Outcomes based on indicated treatment strategy

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2000年第5期190卷 580-587页

作者： Figueras, J Jaurrieta, E Valls, C Ramos, E Serrano, T Rafecas, A Fabregat, J Torras, J Univ Barcelona Ciutat Sanitaria Univ Bellvitge Liver Transplant Unit Barcelona Spain

Background: Surgical resection has been the treatment of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the resection rate remains low in cirrhotic patients and recurrence is common. Unfavorable results compared with benign disease and the shortage of organ donors have led to a restricted indication for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for HCC. Study Design: The aim of this study was to analyze the results of our surgical approach to HCC in patients with cirrhosis. The first treatment strategy indicated in these patients was OLT. From January 1990 to May 1999, 85 patients underwent OLT and the remaining 35 had surgical resection. Results: One-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 84%, 74%, and 60% versus 83%, 57%, and 51%, respectively, in the OLT and resection groups (p = 0.34). Hepatic tumor recurrence was much less frequent in the OLT group than in the resection group. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 83%, 72%, and 60% versus 70%, 44%, and 31%, respectively (p = 0.027). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, macroscopic vascular invasion was the only factor independently associated with death or recurrence after OLT (p = 0.006). After partial liver resection, the tumors significantly associated with mortality and recurrence in the multivariate analysis were solitary or multiple tumors greater than 2 cm with microscopic vascular invasion (pathologic pT3) (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our results confirm that in cirrhotic patients, OLT may provide better outcomes than liver resection in carefully selected HCC and that longterm survival is similar to the results of OLT in cirrhotic patients without tumors. (J Am Coil Surg 2000;190: 580-587. (C) 2000 by the American College of Surgeons).

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Hepatectomy Liver Cirrhosis Liver Neoplasms 癌肝细胞肝切除术肝硬化肝肿瘤肝移植 Liver Cirrhosis Organ Donors Survival Rate Carcinoma Hepatocellular Cancer Hepatectomy Liver Neoplasms Relapse human-centered computing Optical Line Terminal Transplantation ectomy

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Mesohepatectomy for centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma: An appraisal of a rare procedure

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 1999年第5期188卷 508-515页

作者： Wu, CC Ho, WL Chen, JT Tang, CS Yeh, DC Liu, TJ P'eng, FK Taichung Vet Gen Hosp Chung Shan Med Coll Dept Surg Taichung Taiwan Taichung Vet Gen Hosp Chung Shan Med Coll Dept Pathol Taichung Taiwan Natl Yang Ming Univ Sch Med Dept Surg Taipei 112 Taiwan

Background: For centrally located hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), extended major hepatectomy is usually recommended, but the risk of postoperative liver failure is high when liver function is not sound. Mesohepatectomy (en bloc resection of Goldsmith and Woodburne's left medial and right anterior segments or Couinaud's segments IV, V, and VIII) is a rare procedure, so its role in treating HCC is unclear. Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed 364 patients who underwent a curative resection for HCC. Among them, 15 patients were treated by mesohepatectomy, Their nontumorous liver revealed cirrhosis in 11 and chronic hepatitis in 4. The mean tumor diameter was 12.8 cm. In 10 of the 15 patients, HCC also invaded adjacent organs. The operative results of another 25 patients with different disease extent who underwent extended major hepatectomy were compared. Results: The hepatic inflow occlusion time for mesohepatectomy was longer than for extended hepatectomy (p = 0.01). The mean operative blood loss, amount of blood transfusion, operating time, and postoperative hospital stay in the mesohepatectomy group were 2,450 mL, 1,100 mL, 7.9 hours, and 14.9 days, respectively. In the extended-hepatectomy group, the: values were 1,863 mL, 768 mL, 5.8 hours, and 16.8 days, respectively (all p > 0.05 compared with mesohepatectomy). No patient died after mesohepatectomy;but after extended hepatectomy there was one death from liver failure. The Union Internationale contre le cancer (UICC) TNM stages of patients who underwent mesohepatectomy were as follows: stage II in 1, stage III in 4, and stage IVA in 10. All patients who underwent extended hepatectomy presented with stage IVA disease. The 6-year disease-free and actuarial survival rates after mesohepatectomy were 21% and 30%, respectively The 6-year disease-free survival rate after extended hepatectomy was 9% (p = 0.11 compared with mesohepatectomy). Conclusion: Although mesohepatectomy is time-consuming, it is justified for

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Hepatectomy Liver Neoplasms 癌肝细胞肝切除术肝肿瘤 Acute Liver Failure Survival Rate Goldsmith Hepatectomy Liver Neoplasms human-centered computing Carcinoma

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Cutaneous metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma resembling pyogenic granuloma

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CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY 1999年第2期24卷 78-80页

作者： Kubota, Y Koga, T Nakayama, J Fukuoka Univ Sch Med Dept Dermatol Fukuoka 8140180 Japan

A case of skin metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is reported that resembled pyogenic granuloma. An easily bleeding, cutaneous nodule on the chin of a 62-year-old Japanese male was resected under the diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma. Histology, however, indicated HCC. Cutaneous metastases from HCC are very rare, but the possibility must be considered for unusual nodules resembling pyogenic granuloma.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Granuloma Pyogenic Liver Neoplasms Skin Neoplasms 癌肝细胞肉芽肿脓性肝肿瘤皮肤肿瘤 Skin Nodule Hodgkin Disease Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Skin Skin Neoplasms Pyogenic Granuloma Granuloma Liver Neoplasms human-centered computing Carcinoma Chin

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