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P-Lite: A study of parallel coordinate plot literacy

Visual Informatics 2022年第3期6卷 81-99页

作者： Elif E.Firat Alena Denisova Max L.Wilson Robert S.Laramee School of Computer Science University of NottinghamUK Department of Computer Science University of YorkUK

Visualization literacy,the ability to interpret and comprehend visual designs,is recognized as an essential skill by the visualization *** identify and investigate barriers to comprehending parallel coordinates plots(PCPs),one of the advanced graphical representations for the display of multivariate and high-dimensional *** develop a parallel coordinates literacy test with diverse images generated using popular PCP software *** test improves PCP literacy and evaluates the user’s literacy *** introduce an interactive educational tool that assists the teaching and learning of parallel coordinates by offering a more active learning *** this pedagogical tool,we aim to advance novice users’parallel coordinates literacy *** on the hypothesis that an interactive tool that links traditional Cartesian Coordinates with PCPs interactively will enhance PCP literacy further than static slides,we compare the learning experience using traditional slides with our novel software tool and investigate the efficiency of the educational software with an online,crowdsourced ***-study results show that our pedagogical tool positively impacts a user’s PCP comprehension.

关键词： human-centered computing Visualization systems and tool Empirical studies in visualization

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Can We Build it? Yes, We Can! Development Procedure of High-Fidelity Simulation Environments for human-Agent Teams 67th

Can We Build it? Yes, We Can! Development Procedure of High-...

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67th International Annual Meeting of the human Factors and Ergonomics Society, HFES 2023

作者： Mallick, Rohit Sawant, Sarvesh Brady, Camden McNeese, Nathan Madathil, Kapil Chalil Bertrand, Jeff Department of Human-Centered Computing Clemson University CentralSC United States Department of Industrial Engineering Clemson University CentralSC United States

This paper presents a bottom-up approach to designing and developing a high-fidelity simulation environment that fosters human acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) as teammates by refining their mental models of appropriate teamwork expectations. Our process begins by first identifying an appropriate contextual situation that warrants humans teaming with AI as opposed to other team-based configurations. Those criteria are based on the delegation of roles appropriate to the established strengths of humans/AI, as well as the interdependence created between those roles to accentuate the expectations of teammate behavior. Next, qualitative interviews should be conducted with diverse subject matter experts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation and the environmental attributes through various perspectives. Once analyzed using thematic analysis, themes present themselves as design recommendations on how to create a high-fidelity simulation environment that nurtures human-agent team collaboration. © 2023 human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

关键词： High-Fidelity Simulation Building human-Agent Teaming human-AI Teaming human-centered computing Simulation Building

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Reaching Across the Communication Gap: Evaluating How Augmented Reality Shared Gestural Spaces Impact Gesture and Language Usage 53

Reaching Across the Communication Gap: Evaluating How Augmen...

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53rd IEEE ASEE Frontiers in Education International Conference, FIE 2023

作者： Hordemann, Glen Quek, Francis Powell, Larry Texas Am University Dept. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Science College StationTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350336429

Instructional discourse around physically-based material typically involves the use of gestures to focus attention in the joint visual space of the instructor and the student. Such gestures are performed in conjunction with speech, thus situating the discourse in the space of what the student is learning or doing. This kind of situated discourse is missing in distance learning. The lack of situatedness between conversants contributes to communication inefficiencies, as was recently highlighted when classes began using Zoom during COVID. For instruction that involves hands-on learning, the inability for instructors to index the student's space and vice versa is a more significant problem. The use of telepresence technologies allows this spatial gap to be bridged but can often leave a communication gap. Little evaluation has been made into how these mechanisms alter gesture and speech. This paper explores how giving the instructor situated gestural access to the student's workspace in distant learning settings alters gesture and speech, with the goal of guiding design of future systems that are mindful of how these systems work, not simply whether they work. Our research is based on a system that supports situated instructional discourse through augmented reality gesturing. The instructor is able to see the student's workspace and perform gestures that are superposed into the student's workspace. This shared gestural space is used in tandem with a traditional video chat. Two spatially-focused tasks were examined: a two-dimension problem that required varying levels of assistance, and a three-dimension problem with complete guidance by the instructor needed. We evaluated how gestures were used to augment verbal communication and the types of gestures and verbal utterances used. We found that static pointing G-hand deictic gestures were more common in the augmented reality mode than in the co-situated mode and complex spatial structuring gestures (e.g. orientation gestu

关键词： augmented reality human computer interaction (HCI) human-centered computing Interaction paradigms

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An Exploratory Study on the Low Adoption Rate of Smart Canes 16th

An Exploratory Study on the Low Adoption Rate of Smart Canes

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16th International Conference on UniversalAccess inhuman-Computer Interaction (UAHCI) Held as Part of the 24th International Conference on human-Computer Interaction (HCII)

作者： Milallos, Rezylle Tibdewal, Vinita Wang, Yiwen Udegbe, Andre Oh, Tae Rochester Inst Technol Rochester NY 14623 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9783031050398;9783031050381

People who are blind and visually impaired (BVI) primarily rely on white canes for everyday mobility. Smart canes were introduced to address the limitations of traditional white canes and to inform users of their surroundings more efficiently. While the smart cane's advantages are evident, these devices are not used often in the BVI community. To gain a better understanding of the low adoption rate, we spoke with orientation and mobility specialists for some background on BVI mobility, conducted a survey to gauge user awareness and initial perceptions of the smart cane, and interviewed 16 participants for an in-depth view regarding their smart cane experiences. While most of the participants' apprehension was based on initial product cost, we found that other factors like user personality, durability, battery life, experience bias, as well as the lack of awareness from the users all contribute to the low adoption rate of smart canes. As such, our findings are structured based on four main themes: (1) Impact of Participant Characteristics on Adoption, (2) Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages, (3) Product-Related Concerns, and (4) Building Trust. We contribute a user-centered investigation on the merits of the smart cane and suggestions for future design considerations based on user feedback.

关键词： Accessibility human-centered computing Individuals with disabilities and assistive technologies Internet of Things

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The Cost of Culture: An Analysis of Cash App and the Financial Inclusion of Black American Communities 22

The Cost of Culture: An Analysis of Cash App and the Financi...

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ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (DIS)

作者： Cunningham, Jay L. Nguyen, Sydney T. Kientz, Julie A. Rosner, Daniela Univ Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781450393584

Mobile banking applications have become a primary mode of sharing and managing fnancial resources. However, prior work has questioned its role in serving Black communities amid legacies of structural racial inequity. To investigate this critical topic, we conducted a 30-day diary study with 21 participants and an interview study with 15 participants, all Black American users of the mobile payment platform Cash App. We observed that addressing hurdles to fnancial inclusion requires the navigation of institutional distrust, banking barriers, and fnancial literacy disparities. Our fndings suggest that Black Americans persist and navigate contemporary fnancial systems through legacies of social and cultural capacities. We ofer grounded-truth considerations for the continued design of fn-tech that could have equitable impact among historically marginalized communities. Refecting on the tenor of fnancial services to lack empathy, we urge designers and scholars of fnancial technology to refect on their power to promote racial justice and fnancial inclusion.

关键词： fn-tech asset-based design equitable fn-tech racial justice human-centered computing

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Contextualizing User Perceptions about Biases for human-centered Explainable Artificial Intelligence 23

Contextualizing User Perceptions about Biases for Human-Cent...

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CHI conference on human Factors in computing Systems (CHI)

作者： Yuan, Chien Wen (Tina) Bi, Nanyi Lin, Ya-Fang Tseng, Yuen-Hsien Natl Taiwan Univ Taipei Taiwan Penn State Univ State Coll PA USA Natl Taiwan Normal Univ Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781450394215

Biases in Artifcial Intelligence (AI) systems or their results are one important issue that demands AI explainability. Despite the prevalence of AI applications, the general public are not necessarily equipped with the ability to understand how the black-box algorithms work and how to deal with biases. To inform designs for explainable AI (XAI), we conducted in-depth interviews with major stakeholders, both end-users (n = 24) and engineers (n = 15), to investigate how they made sense of AI applications and the associated biases according to situations of high and low stakes. We discussed users' perceptions and attributions about AI biases and their desired levels and types of explainability. We found that personal relevance and boundaries as well as the level of stake are two major dimensions for developing user trust especially during biased situations and informing XAI designs.

关键词： Artifcial Intelligence human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Explainable AI (XAI) human-centered computing Explainability Transparency AI bias

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Identifying Student Struggle by Analyzing Facial Movement During Asynchronous Video Lecture Viewing: Towards an Automated Tool to Support Instructors 23rd

Identifying Student Struggle by Analyzing Facial Movement Du...

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23rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED)

作者： Linson, Adam Xu, Yucheng English, Andrea R. Fisher, Robert B. Open Univ Sch Comp & Commun Edinburgh EH3 7QJ Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Sch Informat Edinburgh EH8 9LE Midlothian Scotland Univ Edinburgh Moray House Sch Educ & Sport Edinburgh EH8 8AQ Midlothian Scotland

ISBN: (纸本)9783031116445;9783031116438

The widespread shift in higher education (HE) from in-person instruction to pre-recorded video lectures means that many instructors have lost access to real-time student feedback for the duration of any given lecture (a 'sea of faces' that express struggle, comprehension, etc.). We hypothesized that this feedback could be partially restored by analyzing student facial movement data gathered during recorded lecture viewing and visualizing it on a common lecture timeline. Our approach builds on computer vision research on engagement and affect in facial expression, and education research on student struggle. Here, we focus on individual student struggle (the effortful attempt to grasp new concepts and ideas) and its group-level visualization as student feedback to support human instructors. Research suggests that instructor supported student struggle can help students develop conceptual understanding, while unsupported struggle can lead to disengagement. Studies of online learning in higher education found that when students struggle with recorded video lecture content, questions and confusion often remain unreported and thus unsupported by instructors. In a pilot study, we sought to identify group-level student struggle by analyzing individual student facial movement during asynchronous video lecture viewing and mapping cohort data to annotated lecture segments (e.g. when a new concept is introduced). We gathered real-time webcam data of 10 student participants and their self-paced intermittent click feedback on personal struggle state, along with retrospective self-reports. We analyzed participant video with computer vision techniques to identify facial movement and correlated the data with independent human observer inferences about struggle-related states. We plotted all participants' data (computer vision analysis, self-report, observer annotation) along the lecture timeline. The visualization exposed group-level struggle patterns in relation to lecture content,

关键词： Video analysis Data visualization Facial expression Student struggle Reflective teaching human-centered computing

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From Historical Documents To Social Network Visualization: Potential Pitfalls and Network Modeling 7

From Historical Documents To Social Network Visualization: P...

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IEEE 7th Workshop on Visualization for the Digital humanities (VIS4DH)

作者： Pister, Alexis Dufournaud, Nicole Cristofoli, Pascal Prieur, Christophe Fekete, Jean-Daniel Univ Paris Saclay CNRS Inria Inst Polytech Paris Gif Sur Yvette France Univ Gustave Eiffel Champs Sur Marne France EHESS Paris France Univ Gustave Eiffel Inst Polytech Paris Champs Sur Marne France Univ Paris Saclay INRIA CNRS Gif Sur Yvette France

ISBN: (数字)9781665476683

ISBN: (纸本)9781665476683

We describe the workflow followed by historians when conducting a Historical Social Network Analysis (HSNA) with five steps: textual sources acquisition, digitization, annotation, network creation, and analysis/visualization. While most analysis and visualization tools only support the last step, we argue that addressing the 2-3 last steps would boost the humanists' analytical capabilities. We explain why the network modeling process is particularly challenging and can lead to distortions of the sources, biases, and traceability problems. We list three main properties that we believe the constructed network should satisfy: alignment with reality/documents (not only with concepts), traceability (from documents to analysis/visualization and back), and simplicity (understandable by most and not more complex than needed). We claim that the model of bipartite dynamic multivariate network with roles allows an effective annotation/encoding of historical sources while satisfying these properties. We provide real-world examples of how this model has been used to answer socio-historical questions using visual analytics tools.

关键词： Applied computing Arts and humanities human-centered computing Visualization Visualization application domains Visual analytics

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Touching The Droid: Understanding and Improving Touch Precision With Mobile Devices in Virtual Reality 21

Touching The Droid: Understanding and Improving Touch Precis...

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21st IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Zhu, Fengyuan Lyu, Zhuoyue Sousa, Mauricio Grossman, Tovi Univ Toronto Dept Comp Sci Toronto ON Canada

ISBN: (数字)9781665453257

ISBN: (纸本)9781665453257

Touch interaction with physical smartphones and tablets in Virtual Reality offers interesting opportunities for cross-device input. Unfortunately, any imprecision in the alignment of the visual representation of either the hand or device can impact the precision of touch and the realism of the experience. We first study a user's ability to rely solely on preoperative feedback to perform touch interaction in VR, where no rendering of the hand is provided. Results indicate that touch in VR is possible without a visual representation of the hand, but accuracy is influenced by how the device is held and the distance traveled to the target. We then introduce a dynamic calibration algorithm to minimize the offset between the physical hand and its virtual representation. In a second study, we show that this algorithm can increase touch accuracy by 43%, and minimize depth-based "screen penetration" or "floating touch" errors.

关键词： human-centered computing human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction Paradigms Virtual Reality

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CV-Mora Based Lip Sync Facial Animations for Japanese Speech

CV-Mora Based Lip Sync Facial Animations for Japanese Speech

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IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (IEEE VR)

作者： Kato, Ryoto Kikuchi, Yusuke Yem, Vibol Ikei, Yasushi Tokyo Metropolitan Univ Tokyo Japan Univ Tokyo Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484022

To generate authentic real-time facial animations using face mesh data, which corresponds to fifty-six consonant and vowel (CV) types of morae that form the basis of Japanese speech, we propose a new method. Our method produces facial expressions by the weighted addition of fifty-three face meshes based on the real-time mapping of voice streaming to registered morae. In the user study, results showed that facial expressions produced during Japanese speech were more natural using our method than those using popular methods to generate real-time English-based Oculus lip sync and volume intensity-based facial animations.

关键词： computing methodologies Computer graphics Animation Procedural animation human-centered computing human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Virtual reality

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