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ANSWERAUTH: A bimodal behavioral biometric-based user authentication scheme for smartphones

JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY AND APPLICATIONS 2019年第Feb.期44卷 89-103页

作者： Buriro, Attaullah Crispo, Bruno Conti, Mauro Univ Trento Dept Informat Engn & Comp Sci DISI Trento Italy KFUEIT Dept Informat Secur Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan KULeuven Dept Comp Sci Imec DistriNet Leuven Belgium Univ Padua Dept Math Padua Italy

In this paper, we present a behavioral biometric-based smartphone user authentication mechanism, namely, AnswerAuth, which relies on the very common users' behavior. Behavior, here, refers to the way a user slides the lock button on the screen, to unlock the phone, and brings the phone towards her ear. The authentication mechanism works with the biometric behavior based on the extracted features from the data recorded using the built-in smartphone sensors, i.e., accelerometer, gyroscope, gravity, magnetometer and touchscreen, while the user performed sliding and phone-lifting actions. We tested AnswerAuth on a dataset of 10,200 behavioral patterns collected from 85 users while they performed the unlocking actions, in sitting, standing, and walking postures, using six state-of-the-art conceptually different machine learning classifiers in two settings, i.e., with and without simultaneous feature selection and classification. Among all the chosen classifiers, Random Forest (RF) classifier proved to be the most consistent and accurate classifier on both full and reduced features and provided a True Acceptance Rate (TAR) as high as 99.35%. We prototype proof-of-the-concept Android app, based on our findings, and evaluate it in terms of security and usability. Security analysis of AnswerAuth confirms its robustness against the possible mimicry attacks. Similarly, the usability study based on Software Usability Scale (SUS)(1) questionnaire verifies the user-friendliness of the proposed scheme (SUS Score of 75.11). Experimental results prove AnswerAuth as a secure and usable authentication mechanism. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Smartphone Sensors Biometric authentication Behavioral biometrics human-centered computing

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Shake Well Before Use: Intuitive and Secure Pairing of Mobile Devices

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE computing 2009年第6期8卷 792-806页

作者： Mayrhofer, Rene Gellersen, Hans Univ Vienna A-1010 Vienna Austria Univ Lancaster Dept Comp Lancaster LA1 4WA England

A challenge in facilitating spontaneous mobile interactions is to provide pairing methods that are both intuitive and secure. Simultaneous shaking is proposed as a novel and easy-to-use mechanism for pairing of small mobile devices. The underlying principle is to use common movement as a secret that the involved devices share for mutual authentication. We present two concrete methods, ShaVe and ShaCK, in which sensing and analysis of shaking movement is combined with cryptographic protocols for secure authentication. ShaVe is based on initial key exchange followed by exchange and comparison of sensor data for verification of key authenticity. ShaCK, in contrast, is based on matching features extracted from the sensor data to construct a cryptographic key. The classification algorithms used in our approach are shown to robustly separate simultaneous shaking of two devices from other concurrent movement of a pair of devices, with a false negative rate of under 12 percent. A user study confirms that the method is intuitive and easy to use, as users can shake devices in an arbitrary pattern.

关键词： Algorithm/protocol design and analysis ubiquitous computing mobile environments authentication human-centered computing mobile applications

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WhatsNextApp: LSTM-Based Next-App Prediction With App Usage Sequences

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IEEE ACCESS 2022年 10卷 18233-18247页

作者： Katsarou, Katerina Yu, Geunhye Beierle, Felix Tech Univ Berlin Serv Ctr Networking D-10587 Berlin Germany Univ Wurzburg Inst Clin Epidemiol & Biometry D-97080 Wurzburg Germany

Next app prediction can help enhance user interface design, pre-loading of apps, and network optimizations. Prior work has explored this topic, utilizing multiple different approaches but challenges like the user cold-start problem, data sparsity, and privacy concerns related to contextual data like location histories, persist. The user cold-start problem occurs when a user has recently registered to the smartphone app system and there is not enough information about his/her preferences and his/her history of smartphone usage. In this work, we try to address the above issues. We introduce WhatsNextApp, an approach based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks using sequences of app usage logs. Our approach is inspired by Word Embeddings and treats sequences of app usage logs as sequences of words. We collect a real-life data set consisting of 975 Android users with over 22 million app usage events. We build a generic (user-independent) WhatsNextApp model and the evaluation with our data set shows that it outperforms related studies for existing users where we achieve a recall@8 (recall for the top 8 apps) of 92%. For the user cold-start problem with the 500 most frequent apps, we achieve a recall@8 of 82.7%.

关键词： Markov processes Data models Predictive models Computational modeling Training data Prediction algorithms Licenses human-centered computing smartphone machine learning algorithms LSTM

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A User-Independent and Sensor-Tolerant Wearable Activity Classifier

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COMPUTER 2015年第10期48卷 64-+页

作者： Blake, Madison Younes, Rabih Dennis, Jacob Martin, Thomas L. Jones, Mark Heron Syst Lexington Pk MD USA Virginia Tech Comp Engn Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Virginia Tech Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn Blacksburg VA USA

An activity classifier based on an abstract model of the human body is suitable for use in an e-textile monitoring system without the need to retrain the recognition model to accommodate different users, sensor types,... 详细信息

关键词： pattern classification pose estimation sensors textiles wearable computers abstract model e-textile monitoring system human body recognition model user-independent sensor-tolerant wearable activity classifier Biological system modeling Biomedical monitoring Clothing Data models Monitoring Quaternions Training HCI activity classification activity monitoring e-textiles human-centered computing human-computer interaction medical computing pattern recognition sensors wearable computers wearable computing

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Combination Suicide Gene Delivery with an Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Encoding Inducible Caspase-9 and a Chemical Inducer of Dimerization Is Effective in a Xenotransplantation Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY 2019年第6期30卷 1754-1762页

作者： Khan, Nusrat Bammidi, Sridhar Chattopadhyay, Sourav Jayandharan, Giridhara R. Indian Inst Technol Dept Biol Sci & Bioengn Kanpur 20816 Uttar Pradesh India

Current treatment approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a narrow therapeutic index and alternate modes of treatment are thus required. We have utilized a gene delivery vector containing inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9) gene, which is a synthetic analogue based on the mammalian caspase 9 and fused to a human FK506 binding protein that allows its conditional dimerization to a synthetic, small molecule [chemical inducer of dimerization, AP20187] and results in target cell apoptosis. In our studies, we have tested these synthetic vectors based on an adeno-associated virus platform for their potential anti-tumorigenic effect in human HCC cells in vitro and in a HCC tumor model developed in nude mice. Our data demonstrates that the iCasp9-AP20187 bioconjugate is able to trigger terminal effectors of cellular apoptosis and presents a viable approach for the potential treatment of HCC.

关键词： vector coding Gene transfer Nude Mice Adeno-Associated Virus Heterologous Transplantation composite vector Caspase 9 Viral Vector suicide gene Hepatocellular Cancer Genetic Therapy CASP9 gene dimerization Target cells human-centered computing

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Cuddly User Interfaces

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COMPUTER 2016年第7期49卷 14-19页

作者： Sugiura, Yuta Igarashi, Takeo Inami, Masahiko Keio Univ Fac Sci & Technol Tokyo 108 Japan Univ Tokyo Grad Sch Informat Sci & Technol Tokyo 1138654 Japan

Cuddly User Interfaces employ soft objects as interfaces between people and smart systems. They can contribute to the realization of ubiquitous computing because soft objects are familiar to us and induce a low psycho... 详细信息

关键词： User interfaces Computer interfaces Monitoring Robots Optical fiber sensors Ubiquitous computing human-computer interaction robotics Cuddly User Interfaces Cuddly UIs user interfaces human-computer interaction human-centered computing ubiquitous computing FuwaFuwa Graffiti Fur PINOKY

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Seamless-walk: natural and comfortable virtual reality locomotion method with a high-resolution tactile sensor

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VIRTUAL REALITY 2023年第2期27卷 1431-1445页

作者： Choi, Yunho Park, Dong-Hyeok Lee, Sungha Han, Isaac Akan, Ecehan Jeon, Hyeon-Chang Luo, Yiyue Kim, SeungJun Matusik, Wojciech Rus, Daniela Kim, Kyung-Joong GIST Sch Integrated Technol 123 Chem Dan Gwa Gi Ro 61005 Gwangju South Korea MIT CSAIL 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA GIST Artificial Intelligence Grad Sch 123 Chem Dan Gwa Gi Ro 61005 Gwangju South Korea

Efficient locomotion methods have been proposed to compensate for the limited space in real-world environments, and such methods offer users more immersive and natural experiences in relatively large virtual environments. The foot-based locomotion method is one of the best options for implementing natural locomotion using foot movement as an input. However, existing foot-based locomotion methods force users to wear equipment or take a video of the user's body. These actions can cause discomfort, unnatural feelings, or privacy problems. Thus, we propose a Seamless-walk system that can seamlessly translate a real-world gait action to locomotion signals using a high-resolution tactile carpet sensor without requiring wearable equipment. The proposed method captures and analyzes high-resolution footprint information using a machine learning technique and calculates the user's movement direction and speed in a real-time manner. In addition, the modular structure of Seamless-walk enables scalable installation of a tactile sensing platform at reasonable cost. human tests (n = 80) confirmed that the proposed Seamless-walk system's technical advantage increases usability. A 3D virtual world exploration game experiment revealed that the proposed method significantly increases comfort and overall naturalness. Additionally, The proposed method has no negative effects on exploration suitability, task load, simulator sickness, or the game experience.

关键词： Virtual reality Interaction paradigms human computer interaction human-centered computing

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An Evaluation of View Rotation Techniques for Seated Navigation in Virtual Reality

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2024年第7期30卷 4257-4270页

作者： Benda, Brett Sargunam, Shyam Prathish Nourani, Mahsan Ragan, Eric D. Univ Florida Dept Comp & Informat Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA Autodesk San Rafael CA 94903 USA

Head tracking is commonly used in VR applications to allow users to naturally view 3D content using physical head movement, but many applications also support turning with hand-held controllers. Controller and joystick controls are convenient for practical settings where full 360-degree physical rotation is not possible, such as when the user is sitting at a desk. Though controller-based rotation provides the benefit of convenience, previous research has demonstrated that virtual or joystick-controlled view rotation to have drawbacks of sickness and disorientation compared to physical turning. To combat such issues, researchers have considered various techniques such as speed adjustments or reduced field of view, but data is limited on how different variations for joystick rotation influences sickness and orientation perception. Our studies include different variations of techniques such as joystick rotation, resetting, and field-of-view reduction. We investigate trade-offs among different techniques in terms of sickness and the ability to maintain spatial orientation. In two controlled experiments, participants traveled through a sequence of rooms and were tested on spatial orientation, and we also collected subjective measures of sickness and preference. Our findings indicate a preference by users towards directly-manipulated joystick-based rotations compared to user-initiated resetting and minimal effects of technique on spatial awareness.

关键词： Legged locomotion Turning Tracking Teleportation Virtual environments Navigation Three-dimensional displays human-centered computing human-computer interaction virtual reality

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Coagulation property of hyaluronic acid-collagen/chitosan complex film

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2008年第12期19卷 3621-3629页

作者： Wu, Yangzhe Hu, Yi Cai, Jiye Ma, Shuyuan Wang, Xiaoping Jinan Univ Dept Chem Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China Jinan Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Guangzhou 510632 Guangdong Peoples R China

Biomacromolecule has been widely used as biomedical material. Because different biomacromolecules possess different properties, how to exhibit the respective advantages of different components on one type of biomaterial becomes the hot spot in the field of biomaterial studying. This work reported a type of complex film that consisted of hyaluronic acid (HA), type I collagen (Col-I), and chitosan (CS) (HA-Col-I/CS, HCC). Then, a series of experiments were performed, such as inverted microscopic observation, atomic force microscopic (AFM) imaging, flow cytometry (FCM) measurement, MTT assay, and MIC assay. In the present work, we observed the growing condition of 3T3 fibroblasts on the surface of the HCC complex film, visualized the morphological changes of platelets during the coagulation process, and discovered microparticles on the platelet membrane. Moreover, we confirmed the microparticles are the platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) using the FCM. In addition, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HCC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) 8099 was 0.025 mg/ml, against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 6538 was 0.1 mg/ml. The results together indicated that the HCC film possessed promising coagulation property, cell compatibility and anti-bacteria property, and the potential in future clinical application such as wound healing and bandage.

关键词： microparticles Biocompatible Materials MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES Films Escherichia coli human-centered computing Blood Platelets

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Glyphboard: Visual Exploration of High-Dimensional Data Combining Glyphs with Dimensionality Reduction

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2020年第4期26卷 1661-1671页

作者： Kammer, Dietrich Keck, Mandy Gruender, Thomas Maasch, Alexander Thom, Thomas Kleinsteuber, Martin Groh, Rainer Univ Appl Sci Dresden Dresden Germany Tech Univ Dresden Dresden Germany Chemmedia AG Chemnitz Germany Deecoob Technol GmbH Dresden Germany Mercateo Serv GmbH & Co KG Anhalt Germany

Rigorous data science is interdisciplinary at its core. In order to make sense of high-dimensional data, data scientists need to enter into a dialogue with domain experts. We present Glyphboard, a visualization tool that aims to support this dialogue. Glyphboard is a zoomable user interface that combines well-known methods such as dimensionality reduction and glyph-based visualizations in a novel, seamless, and integrated tool. While the dimensionality reduction affords a quick overview over the data, glyph-based visualizations are able to show the most relevant dimensions in the data set at one glance. We contribute an open-source prototype of Glyphboard, a general exchange format for high-dimensional data, and a case study with nine data scientists and domain experts from four exemplary domains in order to evaluate how the different visualization and interaction features of Glyphboard are used.

关键词： human-centered computing Visualization systems and tools Empirical studies in interaction design Data analytics

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