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Multimodal human-computer interaction: A survey

COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING 2007年第1-2期108卷 116-134页

作者： Jaimes, Alejandro Sebe, Nicu Univ Amsterdam NL-1012 WX Amsterdam Netherlands

In this paper, we review the major approaches to multimodal human-computer interaction, giving an overview of the field from a computer vision perspective. In particular, we focus on body, gesture, gaze, and affective interaction (facial expression recognition and emotion in audio). We discuss user and task modeling, and multimodal fusion, highlighting challenges, open issues, and emerging applications for multimodal human-computer interaction (MMHCI) research. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： multimodal human-computer interaction gesture recognition affective computing human-centered computing

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Long-term lamivudine therapy reduces the risk of long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B infection even in patients without advanced disease

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ANTIVIRAL THERAPY 2007年第8期12卷 1295-1303页

作者： Yuen, Man-Fung Seto, Wai-Kay Chow, Danny Hoi-Fan Tsui, Kit Wong, Danny Ka-Ho Ngai, Vincent Wing-Shun Wong, Benjamin Chun-Yu Fung, James Yuen, John Chi-Hang Lai, Ching-Lung Univ Hong Kong Dept Med Queen Mary Hosp Hong Kong Hong Kong Peoples R China

Background: Long-term effects of lamivudine treatment on chronic hepatitis B patients without advanced disease remain unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects of long-term lamivudine treatment and lamivudine-resistant virus (YMDD) on the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in asymptomatic patients without advanced disease. Methods: One hundred and forty-two hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients (median age: 33.9 years) on long-term lamivudine (median treatment duration: 89.9 months) and 124 HBeAg-positive controls (median age: 33.4 years) were prospectively followed up. Patients were monitored for the development of cirrhosis and HCC, liver biochemistry, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, HBeAg seroconversion and hepatitis flares. YMDD mutations (YMDD-MT) were determined annually. Results: Lamivudine-treated patients had a significantly lower cumulative rate of development of cirrhosis and/or HCC compared with controls (P=0.005). YMDD-MT occurred in 76.3% of patients after 8 years of lamivudine treatment. When compared with controls and patients with YMDD-MT, patients without YMDD-MT had the greatest reduction of HBV DNA and bilirubin levels, slowest decline of albumin level, highest rate of HBeAg seroconversion and lowest risk of hepatitis flare. Patients with YMDD-MT still had a lower risk for developing cirrhosis and/or HCC (P=0.024) and a greater HBV DNA reduction (P=0.001) in comparison with controls. Patients with YMDD-MT and controls had a similar chance of hepatitis flares and hepatic decompensation. Conclusions: Long-term lamivudine treatment was associated with a reduced chance of developing cirrhosis and HCC in patients without advanced disease. Although YMDD-MT reduced the benefits from lamivudine therapy, the outcome of these patients was still better than untreated patients.

关键词： Adult Carcinoma Hepatocellular Disease Progression Drug Resistance Viral 成年人癌肝细胞疾病恶化肝炎乙型慢性拉米夫定肝硬化肝肿瘤 Lamivudine Lower risk Chronic Hepatitis B Disease Progression Adults albumin level Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis human-centered computing Hepatitis B e Antigens Carcinoma Patients

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Correlation between enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma on real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound and tumour cellular differentiation on histopathology

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2007年第953期80卷 321-330页

作者： Liu, G-J Xu, H-X Lu, M-D Xie, X-Y Xu, Z-F Zheng, Y-L Liang, J-Y Sun Yat Sen Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Hepatobiliary Surg Guangzhou 510080 Peoples R China Sun Yat Sen Univ Affiliated Hosp 1 Dept Med Ultrason Guangzhou Peoples R China

The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCQ on contrast-enhancedultrasound (CEUS) and tumour cellular differentiation on histopathology. 189 HCC lesions in 189 patients were retrospectively evaluated with CEUS and histopathological examination. CEILIS was performed with SonoVue and contrast pulse sequencing. Histopathological diagnoses were made according to the Edmonson grading system. Significant differences were shown between the time that the HCC became hypoenhancing or remained echogenic in late phase and tumour cellular differentiation (p=0.006;p=0.036), but not with the time of commencement of hyperenhancing or commencement of isclenhancing in arterial phase and portal phase (p=0.164, p 0.1113;p-0.186, p-0.070). The timing of HCC becoming hypoenhancing on CEUS is correlated with tumour cellular differentiation;well differentiated turnours wash out more slowly than poorly differentiated ones.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Liver Neoplasms 癌肝细胞肝肿瘤 Hepatocellular Cancer histopathology tumor differentiation Tumours Individualized Instruction contrast agent BR1 Liver Neoplasms human-centered computing Carcinoma

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human total cost of ownership: The penny foolish principle at work

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IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2007年第2期22卷 88-92页

作者： Zachary, Wayne Neville, Kelly Fowlkes, Jennifer Hoffman, Robert R. CHI Systems Institute for Human and Machine Cognition

human-centered computing is about creating technologies that are intelligent in the usual sense of intelligent systems. But we also mean intelligent in the sense that they are usable versus user-hostile; useful because they"re designed on the basis of results from cognitive task analysis, so that they actually help people do things that need to be done; and understandable, in that the human can learn what the machine is doing and why. Allocating costs specifically to human-centering and cognitive systems engineering aspects of technology R&D will mitigate human-machine interaction issues and decrease training and maintenance costs, thus benefitting the service or system owner over the technology"s life time. If we follow HCC"s lead in defining the real costs of software systems, the procurement of technology and intelligent systems can become dollar wise

关键词： Cognition Computer industry Costs humans Industrial training Intelligent systems Loans and mortgages Machine intelligence Procurement R&D cost Weather forecasting cognitive systems engineering cognitive task analysis human computer interaction human cost allocation human factors human total cost of ownership human total cost of ownership human-centered computing human-centered technology human-machine interaction information technology procurement intelligent system procurement knowledge based systems procurement task analysis technology R&D total cost of ownership user centred design

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Longterm favorable results of limited hepatic resections for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: 20 years of experience

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2007年第1期205卷 19-26页

作者： Yamashita, Yo-ichi Taketomi, Akinobu Itoh, Shinji Kitagawa, Dai Kayashima, Hiroto Harimoto, Norifumi Tsujita, Eiji Kuroda, Yosuke Maehara, Yoshihiko Kyushu Univ Dept Surg & Sci Grad Sch Med Sci Higashi Ku Fukuoka 8128582 Japan

Background: Recently, anatomic resection has been, in theory, considered preferable for eradicating portal venous tumor extension and intrahepatic metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have reported the effectiveness of limited hepatic resection for cirrhotic patients with HCC. Study Design: A retrospective study was carried out in 321 patients who underwent curative hepatic resection (anatomic resection, n=201;limited resection, n=120) as the initial treatment for solitary HCC<5 cm in our institution in the period 1985 to 2004 (median followup period 5.1 years). Results: Anatomic resection did not influence overall and recurrence-free survival rates after hepatic resection. In the liver damage A group (n=215), both 5-year overall and recurrence-free Survival rates in the anatomic resection group were considerably better than those in the limited resection group (87% versus 76%, p=0.02, and 63% versus 35%, p<0.01, respectively). In the liver damage B group (n=106), both 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates in the anatomic resection group were substantially worse than those in the limited resection group (48% versus 72%, p<0.01, and 28% versus 43%, p=0.01, respectively). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that anatomic resection was a notably poor factor in promoting recurrence-free survival in patients with liver damage B. Conclusions: Anatomic resection should be recommended for noncirrhotic patients (liver damage A) with HCC. Longterm results of limited hepatic resection proved its validity for cirrhotic patients (liver damage 13) with HCC.

关键词： Excision anatomic Hepatic Liver 肝 Hepatic Organ System ectomy hepatic damage Survival Rate Liver human-centered computing

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Analysis of the complete hepatitis B virus genome in patients with genotype C chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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CANCER SCIENCE 2007年第12期98卷 1921-1929页

作者： Zhang, Kai Yu Imazeki, Fumio Fukai, Kenichi Arai, Makoto Kanda, Tatsuo Mikata, Rintaro Yokosuka, Osamu Chiba Univ Grad Sch Med Dept Med & Clin Oncol Chiba 2608670 Japan

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C and the basic core promoter (BCP) mutations were reported to be associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study the full sequences of HBV genomes were analyzed in order to find the other predictors of HCC development. We determined the full sequences of HBV genomes in 24 genotype C carriers who developed HCC (HCC group) at the beginning of follow-up and at the time of HCC diagnosis, and 20 patients who did not develop HCC (non-HCC group) served as a control. The number of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions in most regions was higher in the HCC group than in the non-HCC group, and the following substitutions and deletions were found more frequently in the HCC group than in the non-HCC group: G1317A and T1341C/A/G in the X promoter region were detected in 13 and six of the HCC cases, four and none of the non-HCC cases, respectively;and pre-S2 deletion was detected in eight HCC and none of the non-HCC cases. Compared with the wild type X promoter, the mutant type X promoters, M1 (G1317A), M2 (T1341C), and M4 (T1341G) showed increases in activity of 2.3, 3.8, and 1.4 times, respectively, in HepG2 cells. Substitutions and deletion of nucleotides of the HBV genome, especially the pre-S2 deletion and G1317A and T1341C/A/G mutations may be useful markers for predicting the development of HCC.

关键词： Carbon ion Hepatitis B virus measurement Genotype development aspects 基因型 Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype Hepatocellular Cancer Genome Hepatitis B virus human-centered computing Nucleotides

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Patient with hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list for liver transplantation: Abdominal seeding due to prior surgery: A case report

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TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS 2007年第5期39卷 1688-1690页

作者： Aydin, U. Yazici, P. Sozbilen, M. Kece, C. Tamsel, S. Kilic, M. Ege Univ Sch Med Organ Transplant & Res Ctr Izmir Turkey Dept Radiol Izmir Turkey

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary malignant hepatic tumor that accounts for over 80% of primary liver tumors. Hepatic resection is a well-accepted therapy for HCC, but 70% to 100% of patients, depending on patient selection, baseline tumor characteristics, and follow-up duration, develop cancer recurrence after resective surgery. Orthotropic liver transplantation is considered more appropriate in cases with HCC related to cirrhosis. Both procedures may result in recurrence. In some cases, diagnosis of recurrent HCC is difficult because of unexpected localization of the tumor. For these patients, aggressive diagnostic tests might be useful for appropriate therapy. We report a case of a 48-year-old man undergoing resection for HCC, who experienced early recurrence of HCC in the pelvic region.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Vaccines humans Liver Neoplasms 癌肝细胞肝炎乙型肝炎疫苗肝肿瘤肝移植肿瘤转移手术后并发症 Hepatitis B Vaccines Patients Carcinoma recurrent cancer Liver Neoplasms Waiting Lists Pelvic Region H/O: surgery Hepatocellular Cancer human-centered computing Case Reports patient history of liver transplantation Liver Transplantation Hepatitis B

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A language for human action

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COMPUTER 2007年第5期40卷 42-+页

作者： Guerra-Filho, Gutemberg Aloimonos, Yiannis Univ Maryland Dept Comp Sci College Pk MD 20742 USA Univ Maryland Inst Adv Comp Studies Comp Vis Lab College Pk MD 20742 USA

An empirically demonstrated human activity language provides sensory-motor-g rounded representations for understanding human actions. A linguistic framework allows the analysis and synthesis of these actions.

关键词： human computer interaction human factors natural languages userinterfaces anthropocentric system artificial agent cognitive model human action human activitylanguage human sensory-motor skill human-centered computing human-machine interaction linguisti

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Comparing interpersonal interactions with a virtual human to those with a real human

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2007年第3期13卷 443-457页

作者： Raij, Andrew B. Johnsen, Kyle Dickerson, Robert F. Lok, Benjamin C. Cohen, Marc S. Duerson, Margaret Pauly, Rebecca Rainer Stevens, Amy O. Wagner, Peggy Lind, D. Scott Univ Florida Dept Comp Sci & Engn Gainesville FL 32611 USA Univ Virginia Dept Comp Sci Charlottesville VA 22904 USA Univ Florida Coll Med VA Med Ctr Gainesville FL 32610 USA NFSG VA Hlth Syst Gainesville FL 32610 USA Med Coll Georgia Sch Med Augusta GA 30912 USA Med Coll Georgia Dept Surg Augusta GA 30912 USA

This paper provides key insights into the construction and evaluation of interpersonal simulators-systems that enable interpersonal interaction with virtual humans. Using an interpersonal simulator, two studies were conducted that compare interactions with a virtual human to interactions with a similar real human. The specific interpersonal scenario employed was that of a medical interview. Medical students interacted with either a virtual human simulating appendicitis or a real human pretending to have the same symptoms. In Study I (n = 24), medical students elicited the same information from the virtual and real human, indicating that the content of the virtual and real interactions were similar. However, participants appeared less engaged and insincere with the virtual human. These behavioral differences likely stemmed from the virtual human's limited expressive behavior. Study II (n = 58) explored participant behavior using new measures. Nonverbal behavior appeared to communicate lower interest and a poorer attitude toward the virtual human. Some subjective measures of participant behavior yielded contradictory results, highlighting the need for objective, physically-based measures in future studies.

关键词： intelligent agents virtual reality human-centered computing user interfaces interaction styles evaluation/methodology computer graphics medicine

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Comparing interpersonal interactions with a virtual human to those with a real human

Comparing interpersonal interactions with a virtual human to...

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IEEE Virtual Reality 2006 Conference

关键词： intelligent agents virtual reality human-centered computing user interfaces interaction styles evaluation/methodology computer graphics medicine

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