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Transient Authentication from First-Person-View Video

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2025年第1期9卷 1-31页

作者： Nguyen, Le ngu Findling, Rainhard dieter Poikela, Maija Zuo, Si Sigg, Stephan Univ Oulu Oulu Finland Aalto Univ Aalto Finland Charite Univ Med Berlin Berlin Inst Hlth Berlin Germany

We propose PassFrame, a system which utilizes first-person-view videos to generate personalized authentication challenges based on human episodic memory of event sequences. From the recorded videos, relevant (memorable) scenes are selected to form image-based authentication challenges. These authentication challenges are compatible with a variety of screen sizes and input modalities. As the popularity of using wearable cameras in daily life is increasing, PassFrame may serve as a convenient personalized authentication mechanism to screen-based appliances and services of a camera wearer. We evaluated the system in various settings including a spatially constrained scenario with 12 participants and a deployment on smartphones with 16 participants and more than 9 hours continuous video per participant. The authentication challenge completion time ranged from 2.1 to 9.7 seconds (average: 6 sec), which could facilitate a secure yet usable configuration of three consecutive challenges for each login. We investigated different versions of the challenges to obfuscate potential privacy leakage or ethical concerns with 27 participants. We also assessed the authentication schemes in the presence of informed adversaries, such as friends, colleagues or spouses and were able to detect attacks from diverging login behaviour.

关键词： Hardware Emerging technologies Security and privacy human-centered computing Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools human and societal aspects of security and privacy

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Wind o f Change: Investigating Information Visualizations for Passengers and Residents' Perception of Automated Urban Air Mobility

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2024年第4期8卷 1-31页

作者： Meinhardt, Luca-maxim Colley, Mark Tahmid, Marjana Raedler, Max Rukzio, Enrico Ulm Univ Inst Media Informat Ulm Germany Cornell Tech New York NY USA

Automated Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is expected to improve passenger transportation but raises concerns about passenger trust and its impact on residents. We address these issues through three online studies using 360-degree videos. The study on adverse lighting and weather conditions (N=31) shows that bounding box visualizations of other air taxis positively impact passengers' perceived safety. Especially during fog, passengers' perceived safety is reduced when no additional information besides the path is shown. The second study (N=29) extends these findings to emergency scenarios (wind gusts, bird flocks, and rotor breakdown) and shows that visualizations of the alternate path increase perceived safety and trust. Finally, studying the impact of UAM on residents (N=29), we found significant concerns about visual pollution and privacy, especially in the suburbs but also in offices. Our findings provide actionable insights into UAM perception and societal acceptability for future aerial transportation design and infrastructure.

关键词： human-centered computing Empirical studies in HCI Empirical studies in visualization

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GrainSense: A Wireless Grain Moisture Sensing System Based on Wi-Fi Signals

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2024年第3期8卷 1-25页

作者： Wang, Zhu Chen, Zhen Chen, Yao Geng, Chendi Song, Wenchao Sun, Zhuo Guo, Bin Yu, Zhiwen Chen, Liming Northwestern Polytech Univ Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Dalian Univ Technol Dalian Liaoning Peoples R China

Grain moisture sensing plays a critical role in ensuring grain quality and reducing grain losses. However, existing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) grain moisture sensing systems are either expensive, inconvenient or inaccurate, which greatly limit their widespread deployment in real-world scenarios. To fill this gap, we develop a system called GrainSense which leverages COTS Wi-Fi devices to detect the grain moisture without the need for dedicated sensors. Specifically, we propose a wireless grain moisture detection model based on the refraction phenomenon of Wi-Fi signals and the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. On one hand, we correlate the grain moisture with the phase difference between two refracted Wi-Fi signals that propagate along different paths, based on which grain moisture can be deduced accordingly. On the other hand, to reduce the multi-path interference in indoor environments (e.g., the granary), we adopt Wi-Fi beamforming to enhance the refracted signal. In particular, a new signal feature (i.e., the Wi-Fi CSI beamforming ratio) is designed to eliminate the effect of sub-carrier frequency bias and cumulative phase bias. To validate the effectiveness of the developed system, we conduct extensive experiments with different types of grains in both the laboratory and the granary. Results show that the system can accurately estimate the grain moisture with an mean absolute error smaller than 5%, which meets the requirements for commercial usage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model-based work that achieves accurate grain moisture detection based on wireless sensing.

关键词： human-centered computing Ubiquitous and mobile computing systems and tools.

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Using an Immersive Video Environment to Assess Pedestrians' Compliance With COVID Distance Keeping Interventions

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INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2023年第5期35卷 628-636页

作者： Stenkamp, Jan Karic, Benjamin Scharf, Paula Verstegen, Judith A. Kray, Christian Univ Munster Inst Geoinformat Munster Germany Univ Utrecht Dept Human Geog & Spatial Planning Utrecht Netherlands

Physical distancing is a key measure to slow the spread of many highly infectious diseases, e.g. COVID-19. Streetscape interventions such as pedestrian signage can contribute to ensuring distances are kept, but it is unclear to what extent people comply with these in practice. This paper tackles this question using an immersive video environment to realistically simulate real-life streetscapes in the lab. In a controlled user study, we augmented panoramic video footage with pedestrian one-way street signage and recorded route decisions to assess compliance with distance keeping measures. Our results indicate that such signage affects routing decisions and can thus help pedestrians to avoid crowded situations where distance keeping is difficult. We also identified further factors affecting decisions and a correlation between intention to comply and actual compliance. The experimental method we used enabled us to effectively and safely carry out a study of a phenomenon that in the real world depends on interaction with the physical environment. This method may have applications in other areas in which simulations of physical environments are important.

关键词： empirical studies in HCI human-computer interaction (HCI) human-centered computing model development and analysis modeling and simulation computing methodologies

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LGL-BCI: A Motor-Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface with Geometric Learning

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM ON INTERACTIVE MOBILE WEARABLE AND UBIQUITOUS TECHNOLOGIES-IMWUT 2025年第1期9卷 1-28页

作者： Lu, Jianchao Tian, Yuzhe Zhang, Yang Sheng, Quan Z. Zheng, Xi Macquarie Univ Sch Comp Macquarie Pk NSW 2109 Australia Univ North Texas Dept Informat Sci Denton TX 76207 USA

Brain-computer interfaces are groundbreaking technology whereby brain signals are used to control external devices. Despite some advances in recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor-imagery tasks face challenges, such as amplitude and phase variability and complex spatial correlations, with a need for smaller models and faster inference. In this study, we develop a prototype, called the Lightweight Geometric Learning Brain-Computer Interface (LGL-BCI), which uses our customized geometric deep learning architecture for swift model inference without sacrificing accuracy. LGL-BCI contains an EEG channel selection module via a feature decomposition algorithm to reduce the dimensionality of a symmetric positive definite matrix, providing adaptiveness among the continuously changing EEG signal. Meanwhile, a built-in lossless transformation helps boost the inference speed. The performance of our solution was evaluated using two real-world EEG devices and two public EEG datasets. LGL-BCI demonstrated significant improvements, achieving an accuracy of 82.54% compared to 62.22% for the state-of-the-art approach. Furthermore, LGL-BCI uses fewer parameters (64.9Kvs. 183.7K), highlighting its computational efficiency. These findings underscore both the superior accuracy and computational efficiency of LGL-BCI, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of geometric deep learning in motor-imagery brain-computer interface applications.

关键词： human-centered computing Ubiquitous and mobile computing

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Seamless-walk: natural and comfortable virtual reality locomotion method with a high-resolution tactile sensor

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VIRTUAL REALITY 2023年第2期27卷 1431-1445页

作者： Choi, Yunho Park, Dong-Hyeok Lee, Sungha Han, Isaac Akan, Ecehan Jeon, Hyeon-Chang Luo, Yiyue Kim, SeungJun Matusik, Wojciech Rus, Daniela Kim, Kyung-Joong GIST Sch Integrated Technol 123 Chem Dan Gwa Gi Ro 61005 Gwangju South Korea MIT CSAIL 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA GIST Artificial Intelligence Grad Sch 123 Chem Dan Gwa Gi Ro 61005 Gwangju South Korea

Efficient locomotion methods have been proposed to compensate for the limited space in real-world environments, and such methods offer users more immersive and natural experiences in relatively large virtual environments. The foot-based locomotion method is one of the best options for implementing natural locomotion using foot movement as an input. However, existing foot-based locomotion methods force users to wear equipment or take a video of the user's body. These actions can cause discomfort, unnatural feelings, or privacy problems. Thus, we propose a Seamless-walk system that can seamlessly translate a real-world gait action to locomotion signals using a high-resolution tactile carpet sensor without requiring wearable equipment. The proposed method captures and analyzes high-resolution footprint information using a machine learning technique and calculates the user's movement direction and speed in a real-time manner. In addition, the modular structure of Seamless-walk enables scalable installation of a tactile sensing platform at reasonable cost. human tests (n = 80) confirmed that the proposed Seamless-walk system's technical advantage increases usability. A 3D virtual world exploration game experiment revealed that the proposed method significantly increases comfort and overall naturalness. Additionally, The proposed method has no negative effects on exploration suitability, task load, simulator sickness, or the game experience.

关键词： Virtual reality Interaction paradigms human computer interaction human-centered computing

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Stress Diffuser: A Biofeedback Agent for Stress Management in Children During Homework with Parent Involvement 24

Stress Diffuser: A Biofeedback Agent for Stress Management i...

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23rd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (IDC) - Inclusive Happiness

作者： Li, Jing Wang, Pinhao Barakova, Emilia Hu, Jun Dai, Guang Eindhoven Univ Technol Eindhoven Netherlands Zhejiang Univ Hangzhou Zhejiang Peoples R China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400704420

Parent involvement in children's homework has emerged as an important component of their education. However, this involvement can generate tension between parents and children, particularly when coupled with a heavy workload, potentially exacerbating stress levels in children. Some children desire to express and share their stress with their parents. However, limited emotional regulation abilities and a lack of stress awareness often hinder effective stress management and communication by children. To address this, we designed a stress biofeedback system named Stress Diffuser, comprising a wearable biosensor with interactive embodied devices, that display the child's stress during homework sessions. The system intends to manage children's stress by enhancing awareness among both the child and the parent, and influencing their educational strategies and the way of interaction. We conducted experiments with eight families, including primary school children aged eight to eleven and their parents. The results of our quantitative and qualitative analysis indicated that all participants enhanced their stress awareness while using Stress Diffuser during homework. Most parents adjusted their supervisory strategies and interaction styles in response to their children's stress data. The study sheds light on children's needs for a designed agent to communicate their stress and regulate their emotions. Furthermore, the study explores the use of interactive biofeedback technology in homework settings with parent involvement. It reveals a favorable influence on facilitating stress management in children and on enhancing the quality of supervision and interaction between children and parents.

关键词： human-centered computing Information Visualization human-computer Interaction

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Inward VR: Toward a Qualitative Method for Investigating Interoceptive Awareness in VR

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023年第5期29卷 2557-2566页

作者： Haley, Alexander C. Thorpe, Don Pelletier, Alex Yarosh, Svetlana Keefe, Daniel F. Univ Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

lmmersive virtual reality (VR) technologies can produce powerful illusions of being in another place or inhabiting another body, and theories of presence and embodiment provide valuable guidance to designers of VR applications that use these illusions to "take us elsewhere." However, an increasingly common design goal for VR experiences is to develop a deeper awareness of the internal landscape of one's own body (i.e., interoceptive awareness);here, design guidelines and evaluative techniques are less clear. To address this, we present a methodology, including a reusable codebook, for adapting the five dimensions of the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) conceptual framework to explore interoceptive awareness in VR experiences via qualitative interviews. We report results from a first exploratory study (n=21) applying this method to understand the interoceptive experiences of users in a VR environment. The environment includes a guided body scan exercise with a motion-tracked avatar visible in a virtual mirror and an interactive visualization of a biometric signal detected via a heartbeat sensor. The results provide new insights on how this example VR experience might be refined to better support interoceptive awareness and how the methodology might continue to be refined for understanding other "inward-facing" VR experiences.

关键词： Biological control systems Pain Visualization Mirrors Behavioral sciences Heart beat Avatars human-centered computing human computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Virtual reality

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Inspired by animal species: biomimicry in participatory research

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IT-INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2024年第2-3期66卷 56-63页

作者： Broscheit, Jessica TH Brandenburg Magdeburger Str 50 D-14770 Brandenburg Germany

Inspired by the rich tapestry of nature, biomimicry encourages designers, engineers, and researchers to draw inspiration from the natural world to create technological solutions. However, little is known about the usage of biomimicry in participatory research involving local people without technical expertise. In this paper, we present two case studies to explore how performative biomimicry is when applied in a participatory research process with local people of different ages. To this end, we conducted two different case studies and asked our participants to analyze the characteristics of different animal species to design an interactive prototype that addresses a specific task. Both case studies demonstrated promising potential for biomimicry, as the participants drew inspiration from animal species to develop functional prototypes and narratives that resonate on an emotional level. Finally, we discuss the benefits of integrating biomimicry in participatory research and how this method could be used to promote social change and transformation in the society, for example, in STEM education, digital literacy, and environmental awareness.

关键词： human-centered computing empirical studies in HCI human-computer interaction biomimicry participatory research

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Technology futures: Towards understanding how to design awe-inspiring futures

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF human-COMPUTER STUDIES 2023年 170卷

作者： Mueller, Florian Petersen, Marianne Graves Li, Zhuying Monash Univ Dept Human Ctr Comp Exert Games Lab Melbourne Australia Univ Aarhus Aarhus Denmark Southeast Univ SEU Sch Comp Sci & Engn Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

Future technology can inspire "awe", the deep feeling of astonishment that can include fear, resulting in often "awe-some" but sometimes also "aw(e)-ful" experiences. We are interested in exploring the potential of future technology beyond any immediate obvious application domain and hence draw from prior work and our own design research (through three case studies) to propose the "technology futures" approach that uses awe as a driver for exploring future technology's potential. Guided by awe's need for sense-making, the approach suggests that experiencing future technology in alternative, playful ways and through a first-hand approach can allow for shared reflections, leading to a more informed view of future technology's potential. Our "technology futures" approach has three stages (envisioning, concretizing, and futuring) towards awe-inspiring futures. We illustrate these stages using three case studies: jogging with a quadcopter, ingestible play, and shape-changing furniture. Furthermore, we use these case studies to articulate a set of strategies to help those who want to engage with the technology futures approach. Ultimately, with our work, we aim to enhance our understanding of how HCI can engage with designing awe-inspiring futures to support reflections around possible futures.

关键词： human-centered computing Interaction design Design research Future technologies

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