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Effects of Transfer Functions and Body Parts on Body-Centric Locomotion in Virtual Reality

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023年第8期29卷 3670-3684页

作者： Gao, BoYu Mai, Zijun Tu, Huawei Duh, Henry Been-Lirn Jinan Univ Guangdong Inst Smart Educ Coll Cyber Secur Informat Sci & Technol Guangzhou 510632 Peoples R China La Trobe Univ Dept Comp Sci & Informat Technol Melbourne 3086 Australia

Body-centric locomotion allows users to control both movement speed and direction with body parts (e.g., head tilt, arm swing or torso lean) to navigate in virtual reality (VR). However, there is little research to systematically investigate the effects of body parts for speed and direction control on virtual locomotion by taking in account different transfer functions(L: linear function, P: power function, and CL: piecewise function with constant and linear function). Therefore, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the combinational effects of the three factors (body parts for direction control, body parts for speed control, and transfer functions) on virtual locomotion. Results showed that (1) the head outperformed the torso for movement direction control in task completion time and environmental collisions;(2) Arm-based speed control led to shorter traveled distances than both head and knee. Head-based speed control had fewer environmental collisions than knee;(3) Body-centric locomotion with CL function was faster but less accurate than both L and P functions. Task time significantly decreased from P, L to CL functions, while traveled distance and overshoot significantly increased from P, L to CL functions. L function was rated with the highest score of USE-S, -pragmatic and -hedonic;(4) Transfer function had a significant main effect on motion sickness: the participants felt more headache and nausea when performing locomotion with CL function. Our results provide implications for body-centric locomotion design in VR applications.

关键词： Transfer functions Torso Task analysis Knee Velocity control Navigation Legged locomotion human-centered computing human computer interaction (HCI) interaction paradigms virtualreality

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Autism Assistant: A Platform for Autism Home-Based Therapeutic Intervention

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 94188-94204页

作者： Chistol, Mihaela Turcu, Cristina Danubianu, Mirela Stefan Cel Mare Univ Fac Elect Engn & Comp Sci Suceava 720229 Romania ASSIST Software SRL Suceava 720043 Romania

According to the U.S. Department of Health and human Services, Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is regarded as the gold standard for treating autism. However, it requires a significant time commitment of 20 to 40 hours per week, which can be expensive for families who may not be able to afford the treatment. ABA therapists emphasize the importance of practicing therapeutic techniques in the child's natural environment to maintain their effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need to supplement therapy in the home environment where the children spend most of their time. If a parent or caregiver assumes the role of co-therapist and practices with the child, it can result in faster skills improvement. However, many parents lack knowledge about therapeutic protocols. To address this gap, we conducted research and developed educational software for therapeutic interventions for Romanian children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a home-based setting. We followed the Double Diamond Model, emphasizing the core principle of human-centered Design (HCD) methodology, to design the software with a focus on the special needs of end-users. This involved developing proto-personas, wireframes, and interactive prototypes, exploring the latest technologies, and incorporating feedback from experienced ABA therapists. Based on these inputs, we developed the Autism Assistant platform, which includes a mobile application built with Unity and a web application developed with React and Ruby on Rails. The platform underwent evaluation using the Quantitative Evaluation Framework (QEF) based on ISO 9126, and it was considered suitable as educational software for special education.

关键词： & nbsp Autism autism spectrum disorder (ASD) human-centered design (HCD) human-centered computing assistive technologies applied behavior analysis (ABA) mobile application web sites educa-tional technology

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Evaluating the Effects of Virtual Reality Environment Learning on Subsequent Robot Teleoperation in an Unfamiliar Building

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2023年第5期29卷 2220-2229页

作者： Eisentrager, Karl Haubner, Judith Brade, Jennifer Einhauser, Wolfgang Bendixen, Alexandra Winkler, Sven Klimant, Philipp Jahn, Georg Humboldt Univ Berlin Germany Tech Univ Chemnitz Chemnitz Germany

Using a map in an unfamiliar environment requires identifying correspondences between elements of the map's allocentric representation and elements in egocentric views. Aligning the map with the environment can be challenging. Virtual reality (VR) allows learning about unfamiliar environments in a sequence of egocentric views that correspond closely to the perspectives and views that are experienced in the actual environment. We compared three methods to prepare for localization and navigation tasks performed by teleoperating a robot in an office building: studying a floor plan of the building and two forms of VR exploration. One group of participants studied a building plan, a second group explored a faithful VR reconstruction of the building from a normal-sized avatar's perspective, and a third group explored the VR from a giant-sized avatar's perspective. All methods contained marked checkpoints. The subsequent tasks were identical for all groups. The self-localization task required indication of the approximate location of the robot in the environment. The navigation task required navigation between checkpoints. Participants took less time to learn with the giant VR perspective and with the floorplan than with the normal VR perspective. Both VR learning methods significantly outperformed the floorplan in the orientation task. Navigation was performed quicker after learning in the giant perspective compared to the normal perspective and the building plan. We conclude that the normal perspective and especially the giant perspective in VR are viable options for preparing for teleoperation in unfamiliar environments when a virtual model of the environment is available.

关键词： Navigation Buildings Task analysis Robots Avatars Floors Virtual environments human computer interaction (HCI) human-centered computing virtual reality human factors teleoperation robot

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Older adults' user experience of virtual tourism: exploring presence and experiential value with respect to age difference

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VIRTUAL REALITY 2023年第4期27卷 2967-2987页

作者： Kim, Mary Jinyoung Kang, Younah Yonsei Univ Design Intelligence Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Underwood Int Coll Veritas C 41885 Songdogwahak Ro Seoul 406840 South Korea

Virtual tourism or VR tourism has attracted great attention for its ability to simulate real-world experiences at a much lower cost and safer than actual travel. However, previous studies have mainly targeted young people or studies on older adults did not compare different age groups with both quantitative and qualitative methods. This study analyzed empirical user experiences of VR tourism via head-mounted displays (HMDs) by age group, with particular focus on experiential values, presence, and cybersickness. It was found that older adults perceived higher experiential values and presence than younger people and experienced less cybersickness, which is in contrast to previous research suggesting that susceptibility to VR sickness may increase with age. Furthermore, many older adults considered that virtual tourism can be an alternative to actual travel. This study addresses the effectiveness and applicability of VR tourism in older demographics and its potential contribution to their welfare.

关键词： human-centered computing human-computer interaction (HCI) Interaction paradigms Virtual reality

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The Acoustically Emotion-Aware Conversational Agent With Speech Emotion Recognition and Empathetic Responses

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AFFECTIVE computing 2023年第1期14卷 17-30页

作者： Hu, Jiaxiong Huang, Yun Hu, Xiaozhu Xu, Yingqing Tsinghua Univ Acad Arts & Design Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Univ Illinois Sch Informat Sci Champaign IL 61820 USA Tsinghua Univ Dept Comp Sci & Technol Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Emotion is important for the conversational user interface. In prior research, conversational agents (CAs) employ natural language process techniques to create affective interaction based on text. However, the use of acoustic features of speech for voice-based CAs is under exploration. This work presents an acoustically emotion-aware CA that enables speech emotion recognition and stylizes responses with empathetic feedback and interjections. We conducted an experiment with 75 participants to evaluate their perceived emotional intelligence (PEI) after interacting with the CA. Our results show that the acoustical emotion-awareness increased the participants' PEI of the CA, and the empathetic responses from the CA helped alleviate some participants' negative emotions. Our work provides implications for designing future CAs with better PEI.

关键词： human-centered computing emotion in human-computer interaction influencing human emotional states intelligent agents

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The design of Tecnico GO!: catering for students' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemics

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MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS 2023年第29期82卷 46129-46151页

作者： Nisi, Valentina Prandi, Catia Ma, Shuhao Ferreira, Marta Nicolau, Hugo Esteves, Augusto Nunes, Nuno Univ Lisbon Tecn Lisbon Portugal LARSyS ITI Lisbon Portugal Univ Bologna Dept Comp Sci & Engn Bologna Italy

Transitioning to and through University is a delicate period for students' well-being. Moreover, the recent COVID-19 pandemic added a further toll through the various challenges related to studying, socializing, community-building, and safety. These challenges inspired the design of a mobile application, called Tecnico GO!, to support university students' well-being and academic performance. This paper presents the design rationale and evaluation of the app conducted during the academic year 2021-2022. Findings cluster around three themes: i) students studying needs;ii) building a sense of community;iii) gamification strategies. The discussion elaborates on the student's perceptions of well-being during pandemics. Students' perception of the app is positive, appreciative of the crowdsensing features, supporting learning goals, community building, and safety. On the other hand, the gamification features, as currently deployed, do not achieve the expected goals.

关键词： Student well-being human-centered computing Design evaluation Social distancing Gamification Crowdsensing

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Let's Work Together! Wikipedia Language Communities' Attempts to Represent Events Worldwide

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INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS 2023年第2期35卷 69-82页

作者： Li, Ang Farzan, Rosta Lopez, Claudia Univ Pittsburgh Sch Comp & Informat Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA Univ Tecn Federico Santa Maria Dept Informat Ave Espana 1680 Vaparaiso Chile

With over 300 language communities, Wikipedia offers a multilingual environment for collective reporting of events worldwide. However, most research on documenting events has focused on English Wikipedia. Our work explores the extent of global coverage of event articles in the English Wikipedia and Wikipedia communities associated with three of the most spoken languages globally: Arabic, Chinese and Spanish. We also compare the process of collaboratively writing event articles across these communities. Our results provide evidence that while there is an indication of self-focus bias, there is also strong evidence of a global representation of events across different Wikipedia communities. Moreover, we observe that while limited resources in smaller Wikipedia communities have different collaboration patterns, their efforts lead to similar levels of content quality after a week. We discuss the implications of our results for Wikipedia and the design of multi-language information production communities.

关键词： Wikipedia news events self-focus bias collaboration multi-language study Categories and subject descriptors human-centered computing Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing

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HTN-Based Tutors: A New Intelligent Tutoring Framework Based on Hierarchical Task Networks 11

HTN-Based Tutors: A New Intelligent Tutoring Framework Based...

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11h ACM Conference on Learning@Scale (L@S)

作者： Siddiqui, Momin N. Gupta, Adit Reddig, Jennifer M. MacLellan, Christopher J. Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA 30332 USA Drexel Univ Philadelphia PA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706332

Intelligent tutors have shown success in delivering a personalized and adaptive learning experience. However, there exist challenges regarding the granularity of knowledge in existing frameworks and the resulting instructions they can provide. To address these issues, we propose HTN-based tutors, a new intelligent tutoring framework that represents expert models using Hierarchical Task Networks (HTNs). Like other tutoring frameworks, it allows flexible encoding of different problem-solving strategies while providing the additional benefit of a hierarchical knowledge organization. We leverage the latter to create tutors that can adapt the granularity of their scaffolding. This organization also aligns well with the compositional nature of skills.

关键词： human-centered computing Intelligent tutoring systems Artificial Intelligence Hierarchical Task Network Scaffolding

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A Review of EEG-Based User Authentication: Trends and Future Research Directions

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IEEE ACCESS 2023年 11卷 22917-22934页

作者： Fidas, Christos A. Lyras, Dimitrios Univ Patras Dept Elect & Comp Engn Patras 26504 Greece

Recently, the use of Electroencephalography (EEG) in scientific research on User Authentication (UA) has led to cutting-edge experiments that seek to identify and authenticate individuals based on their brain activity in particular usage scenarios. Utilizing EEG signals, derived from brain activity, might provide innovative solutions to contemporary security issues in traditional knowledge-based user authentication, including the threat of shoulder surfing. In this review paper, we analyze 108 different EEG-based user authentication experiments based on the following perspectives: a) the user experimental setup, with an emphasis on the applied EEG- protocols;b) the artificial intelligence techniques employed and finally c) the security and privacy preservation aspects. The reviewed papers cover a broad time frame from 1998 to 2022 and include various experimental protocols and algorithms used for classifying EEG signals. Additionally, the majority of the referenced works report findings from multiple experiments that incorporate distinct approaches and configurations. This leads to a discussion on best practices for EEG-based User Authentication and conclusions suggesting future research directions that consists, among others, of considering homomorphically encrypted biometric templates for information leakage prevention through federated learning approaches in decentralized architectures. We anticipate that the present literature review will provide a roadmap for future research by considering efficiently and effective EEG-based User Authentication methods while at the same time preserving privacy.

关键词： Authentication Electroencephalography Security Protocols Biometrics (access control) Passwords Privacy User authentication electroencephalography artificial intelligence security and privacy usability in security and privacy human-centered computing interaction techniques

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Towards Educator-Driven Tutor Authoring: Generative AI Approaches for Creating Intelligent Tutor Interfaces 11

Towards Educator-Driven Tutor Authoring: Generative AI Appro...

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11h ACM Conference on Learning@Scale (L@S)

作者： Calo, Tommaso MacLellan, Christopher Politecn Torino Turin Italy Georgia Inst Technol Atlanta GA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798400706332

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have shown great potential in delivering personalized and adaptive education, but their widespread adoption has been hindered by the need for specialized programming and design skills. Existing approaches overcome the programming limitations with no-code authoring through drag and drop, however they assume that educators possess the necessary skills to design effective and engaging tutor interfaces. To address this assumption we introduce generative AI capabilities to assist educators in creating tutor interfaces that meet their needs while adhering to design principles. Our approach leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and prompt engineering to generate tutor layout and contents based on high-level requirements provided by educators as inputs. However, to allow them to actively participate in the design process, rather than relying entirely on AI-generated solutions, we allow generation both at the entire interface level and at the individual component level. The former provides educators with a complete interface that can be refined using direct manipulation, while the latter offers the ability to create specific elements to be added to the tutor interface. A small-scale comparison shows the potential of our approach to enhance the efficiency of tutor interface design. Moving forward, we raise critical questions for assisting educators with generative AI capabilities to create personalized, effective, and engaging tutors, ultimately enhancing their adoption.

关键词： human-centered computing Intelligent tutoring systems UI/UX Intelligent-User-Interfaces

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