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An improved empirical green function method to extract microseismic signals

Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第1期10卷 42-48页

作者： Dayong Yu Pan Wang School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing University

In mining, reservoir impoundment and hydraulic fracturing exploitation, the induced microseismic clusters may present complex waveforms at receivers since the individual events generally arrive very close. And the routine methods for arrival picking are insufficiently efficient due to these strong influences. Here, we modified the empirical green function method and applied it to extract the green functions and the radiation coefficients of microseismic events with the largest energy in ***-channel records were used to estimate an "average" source spectrum and then the "average" source wavelet was removed from the records by deconvolution. We applied this method to the real data,and the result indicated clear improvement in extracting the dominant event of the clusters.

关键词： Microseismic signals empirical green function Source spectra

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On the Relationship Between Coupling and Refactoring: An empirical Viewpoint 13

On the Relationship Between Coupling and Refactoring: An Emp...

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13th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM)

作者： Counsell, Steve Arzoky, Mahir Destefanis, Giuseppe Taibi, Davide Brunel Univ Dept Comp Sci London England Tampere Univ Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9781728129686

[Background] Refactoring has matured over the past twenty years to become part of a developer's toolkit. However, many fundamental research questions still remain largely unexplored. [Aim] The goal of this paper is to investigate the highest and lowest quartile of refactoring-based data using two coupling metrics - the Coupling between Objects metric and the more recent Conceptual Coupling between Classes metric to answer this question. Can refactoring trends and patterns be identified based on the level of class coupling? [Method] In this paper, we analyze over six thousand refactoring operations drawn from releases of three open-source systems to address one such question. [Results] Results showed no meaningful difference in the types of refactoring applied across either lower or upper quartile of coupling for both metrics;refactorings usually associated with coupling removal were actually more numerous in the lower quartile in some cases. A lack of inheritance-related refactorings across all systems was also noted. [Conclusions] The emerging message (and a perplexing one) is that developers seem to be largely indifferent to classes with high coupling when it comes to refactoring types - they treat classes with relatively low coupling in almost the same way.

关键词： Refactoring coupling metrics empirical

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A Historically Based Review of empirical Work on Color and Psychological Functioning: Content, Methods, and Recommendations for Future Research

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REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019年第2期23卷 177-200页

作者： Elliot, Andrew J. Univ Rochester 601 Elmwood Ave Rochester NY 14627 USA

empirical work on color and psychological functioning has a long history, dating back to the 19th century. This early research focused on five different areas: Arousal, physical strength, preference, time perception, and attention. In the present paper, I overview the relations observed in this early research, and detail methodological weaknesses therein. I then trace subsequent 20th and 21st century developments in these research areas, in terms of both content and methods. Finally, I extend the review to cover the full breadth of research in this domain of inquiry, and provide guidelines for interpreting existing work and conducting future work. Thus, this historically based review tells us much about research on color and psychological functioning, including where it started, where it has been, where it is, and where it can go.

关键词： color empirical history psychology review

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Investigating the Data Science Skill Gap: An empirical Analysis 10

Investigating the Data Science Skill Gap: An Empirical Analy...

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10th IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)

作者： Mikalef, Patrick Krogstie, John Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol Dept Comp Sci Trondheim Norway

ISBN: (纸本)9781538695067

With big data analytics constantly growing in importance for contemporary organizations so does the need for skilled professionals. Perhaps the most critical item noted in the age of data is the lack of people with the required skill-set to turn raw data into actionable insight. Building on this pressuring issue, the objective of this paper is to survey the status quo of technical and business-related data analytics skills in a range of different industries and identify the most important skills that will be needed in the next few years. To do so, this study builds on a sample of 202 survey responses from key executives from Norwegian firms. Our analysis reveals the level of skill-fulfilment in for technically and business-oriented employees in a number of key industries. In addition, we use survey data from an additional sample of 27 executives and interviews with 6 managers and provide a ranking of the perceived importance of data analytics-related skills according to respondents in three categories, technical skills, business and project management skills, and soft skills. Our study concludes with findings regarding the skill-gap that exists in the domain of data science as well as suggestions on how to fulfil these needs, indicating specific subject-areas that are of heightened importance.

关键词： big data analytics data scientist empirical business analytics employees

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empirical-based out-of-plane URM infill wall model accounting for the interaction with in-plane demand

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EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING & STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS 2018年第3期47卷 802-827页

作者： Ricci, Paolo Di Domenico, Mariano Verderame, Gerardo M. Univ Naples Federico II Dept Struct Engn & Architecture Naples Italy

The role of masonry infills in the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings has been widely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contribution in the in-plane (IP) direction, while fewer studies have been carried out on their response and modeling in the out-of-plane (OOP) direction. In this paper, the state of the art in code and literature provisions regarding infills' OOP capacity and seismic demand is presented, together with a review of the experimental tests that have been carried out to investigate infills' OOP behavior and the effects of IP-OOP interaction. This review aims to collect an experimental database that is used to evaluate the effectiveness of literature and code provisions and to propose a semiempirical approach both for predicting infills' OOP strength, stiffness, and displacement capacity and for modeling the effects of IP displacement demand on OOP behavior and vice versa. Then, the state of the art on modeling of infills' OOP behavior and IP-OOP interaction is presented together with a new macro model based on the proposed formulations and conceived to represent the IP and OOP behavior by taking into account the mutual interaction effects. Finally, the proposed model is used for an example application on two case-study buildings, showing the effects of taking into account or neglecting the IP-OOP interaction phenomena.

关键词： database empirical in-plane out-of-plane interaction macro model out-of-plane URM infill wall

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empirical optimization of risk thresholds for dengue: an approach towards entomological management of Aedes mosquitoes based on larval indices in the Kandy District of Sri Lanka

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PARASITES & VECTORS 2018年第1期11卷 1-12页

作者： Udayanga, Lahiru Gunathilaka, Nayana Iqbal, Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Najim, Mohamed Mujithaba Mohamed Pahalagedara, Kusumawathie Abeyewickreme, Wimaladharma Univ Kelaniya Fac Med Mol Med Unit Ragama Sri Lanka Wayamba Univ Sri Lanka Fac Agr & Plantat Management Dept Biosyst Engn Makadura Sri Lanka Univ Kelaniya Fac Med Dept Parasitol Ragama Sri Lanka Natl Inst Fundamental Studies Kandy Sri Lanka Univ Kelaniya Fac Med Dept Zool & Environm Management Kelaniya Sri Lanka Reg Off Anti Malaria Campaign Kandy Sri Lanka Sir John Kotelawala Def Univ Fac Med Dept Parasitol Rathmalana Sri Lanka

Background: Larval indices such as Premise Index (PI), Breteau Index (BI) and Container Index (CI) are widely used to interpret the density of dengue vectors in surveillance programmes. These indices may be useful for forecasting disease outbreaks in an area. However, use of the values of these indices as alarm signals is rarely considered in control programmes. Therefore, the current study aims to propose threshold values for vector indices based on an empirical modeling approach for the Kandy District of Sri Lanka. Methods: Monthly vector indices, viz PI, BI and CI, for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, of four selected dengue high risk Medical Officer of Health (MOH) areas in the Kandy District from January 2010 to August 2017, were used in the study. Gumbel frequency analysis was used to calculate the exceedance probability of quantitative values for each individual larval index within the relevant MOH area, individually and to set up the threshold values for the entomological management of dengue vectors. Results: Among the study MOH areas, Akurana indicated a relatively high density of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, while Gangawata Korale MOH area had the lowest Based on Ae. aegypti, threshold values were defined for Kandy as low risk (Bl(agp) > 1.77), risk (Bl(agp) > 3.23), moderate risk (Bl(agp) > 4.47) and high risk (Bl(agp) > 6.23). In addition, PI > 6.75 was defined as low risk, while PI > 9.43 and Pl>12.82 were defined as moderate and high risk, respectively as an average. Conclusions: Threshold values recommended for Ae. aegypti (primary vector for dengue) along with cut-off values for PI (for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus), could be suggested as indicators for decision making in vector control efforts. This may also facilitate the rational use of financial allocations, technical and human resources for vector control approaches in Sri Lanka in a fruitful manner.

关键词： Dengue empirical Larval indices Risk thresholds Sri Lanka

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empirical rules-based view abstraction for distributed model driven development

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2018年第2期17卷 192-207页

作者： Duan, Yucong Li, Jiaxuan Duan, Qiang Luo, Lixin Huang, Liang Hainan Univ Coll Informat Sci & Technol Haikou 570228 Hainan Peoples R China Penn State Univ Abington PA USA

empirical rules are among the most widely employed approaches for processing view abstraction for UML, which can support model simplification, consistency checking, and complexity reduction. However, empirical rules face challenges such as completeness validation, consistency among rules, and composition priority arrangement. The challenge of composition is enlarged in the environment of distributed model-driven development for web service-based systems, where redundant information/data is emphasised. The same redundant information can be expressed in different forms that comprise different topological structures representing the same part of the system. Such variation will result in choosing different compositions of rules executed in different orders, which will increase the severity of the current non-determinism from the empirical probability of some rules. We investigate the effect of redundancy on rule application through designing a simulated distributed storage for an example model. We construct finite-state automaton to unify empirical rules while relieving the side effects caused by redundancy.

关键词： UML model transformation view abstraction finite-state automaton rule-based system probability empirical

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empirical estimation of intravoxel structure with persistent angular structure and Q-ball models of diffusion weighted MRI

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL IMAGING 2018年第1期5卷 014005页

作者： Nath, Vishwesh Schilling, Kurt G. Parvathaneni, Prasanna Blaber, Justin Hainline, Allison E. Ding, Zhaohua Anderson, Adam Landman, Bennett A. Vanderbilt Univ Elect Engn & Comp Sci 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA Vanderbilt Univ Inst Imaging Sci 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Biostat 221 Kirkland Hall Nashville TN 37235 USA

The diffusion tensor model is nonspecific in regions where micrometer structural patterns are inconsistent at the millimeter scale (i.e., brain regions with pathways that cross, bend, branch, fan, etc.). Numerous models have been proposed to represent crossing fibers and complex intravoxel structure from in vivo diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (e.g., high angular resolution diffusion imaging-HARDI). Here, we present an empirical comparison of two HARDI approaches-persistent angular structure MRI (PAS-MRI) and Q-ball-using a newly acquired reproducibility dataset. Briefly, a single subject was scanned 11 times with 96 diffusion weighted directions and 10 reference volumes for each of two b values (1000 and 3000 s/mm(2) for a total of 2144 volumes). empirical reproducibility of intravoxel fiber fractions (number/strength of peaks), angular orientation, and fractional anisotropy was compared with metrics from a traditional tensor analysis approach, focusing on b values of 1000 and 3000 s/mm(2). PAS-MRI is shown to be more reproducible than Q-ball and offers advantages at low b values. However, there are substantial and biologically meaningful differences between the intravoxel structures estimated both in terms of analysis method as well as by b value. The two methods suggest a fundamentally different microarchitecture of the human brain;therefore, it is premature to perform meta-analysis or combine results across HARDI studies using a different analysis model or acquisition sequences. (c) 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： Q-ball persistent angular structure MRI reproducibility intravoxel structure angular error high angular resolution diffusion imaging empirical in vivo

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An empirical approach for nonlinear modelling and deformation capacity assessment of RC columns with plain bars

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ENGINEERING STRUCTURES 2018年 176卷 539-554页

作者： Verderame, Gerardo M. Ricci, Paolo Univ Naples Federico II Dept Struct Engn & Architecture Via Claudio 21 I-80125 Naples Italy

This study proposes an empirical-based approach for the nonlinear modelling and deformation capacity assessment of flexure-controlled Reinforced Concrete (RC) columns with plain bars, providing an estimate of the expected post-elastic response backbone through formulations based on regression of experimental data. To this end, a database of tests on RC columns with plain bars is collected from literature. The specimens have different axial load, material properties, geometry, and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratio. Force-displacement data are collected and processed for each specimen. The backbone of the experimental base moment-chord rotation response is evaluated for each test, and characteristic points corresponding to yielding, maximum, "ultimate", and zero resistance conditions are identified. Potential predictors are investigated and empirical predictive equations are proposed for these points, based on a statistical analysis of data. Predictions of the proposed model are compared with literature and code provisions.

关键词： Reinforced concrete columns Plain bars empirical Nonlinear modelling Deformation capacity

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Driving behaviour at motorway ramps and weaving segments based on empirical trajectory data

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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2018年 92卷 426-441页

作者： van Beinum, Aries Farah, Haneen Wegman, Fred Hoogendoorn, Serge Delft Univ Technol Dept Transport & Planning Fac Civil Engn & Geosci Stevinweg 1POB 5048 NL-2600 GA Delft Netherlands

In the vicinity of ramps, drivers make route choices, change lanes and in most cases also adjust their speeds. This can trigger anticipatory behaviour by the surrounding vehicles, which are also reflected in lane changes and/or changes in speed. This phenomenon is called turbulence and is widely recognised by the scientific literature and various design guidelines. However the knowledge about the characteristics of turbulence is limited. This study investigates the microscopic characteristics of driving behaviour around 14 different on-ramps (3), off-ramps (3) and weaving segments (8) in The Netherlands, based on unique empirical trajectory data collected from a video camera mounted underneath a hovering helicopter. The data analysis reveals that lane changes caused by merging and diverging vehicles create most turbulence, that an increase in the amount of traffic results in a higher level of turbulence and that an increase in the available length for merging and diverging results in a lower level of turbulence. The results of this study are useful for improving the road design guidelines and for modelling driving behaviour more realistically.

关键词： Turbulence Microscopic empirical On-ramp Off-ramp Weaving

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