马克思在《德意志意识形态》中通过对黑格尔和费尔巴哈的批判,提出了“现实的个人”这一理论概念。“现实的个人”这一概念超越了传统哲学的形而上学思维,是唯物史观的重要理论基石,是理解人类历史和社会发展规律的关键概念。本文将对马克思从“抽象的个人”转向“现实的个人”四个关键的思想发展阶段的历史逻辑进行系统梳理,并努力全面且系统地挖掘马克思在《德意志意识形态》中对于“现实的个人”是从事物质生产活动的人、是处在一定社会关系中的人、是具体的历史的人的规定性内容,进一步阐明只有将个体置于具体的物质生产活动和社会实践之中,只有清晰地认识到“现实的个人”具有的自然属性和社会属性,才能真正地揭示历史发展的根本规律。“现实的个人”思想为当代社会的全面发展提供了深刻的理论支撑。这一思想不仅为揭示人类历史发展规律奠定了理论基础,也为解决当代社会的实践问题提供了科学方法论和路径指引。In The German Ideology, Marx, through his critique of Hegel’s and Feuerbach’s philosophy, introduced the concept of the “realistic individual”. This idea transcends the limitations of traditional metaphysical thinking and serves as a fundamental theoretical cornerstone of historical materialism, providing a key framework for understanding the laws governing human history and social development. This paper systematically traces the historical logic of Marx’s transition from the “abstract individual” to the “realistic individual” by examining four critical stages of conceptual development. It also explores the specific connotations of the “realistic individual” in The German Ideology, including its role as the subject of material production, its embeddedness in particular social relations, and its distinct historical attributes. The analysis demonstrates that only by situating individuals within concrete material production activities and social practices, while recognizing the unity of their natural and social attributes, can the fundamental laws of historical development be truly unveiled. The concept of the “realistic individual” not only lays a theoretical foundation for understanding the dynamics of historical progress but also provides scientific methodologies and practical pathways for addressing contemporary societal challenges.
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