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Establishment of an animal-bacterial association: Recruiting symbiotic vibrios from the environment

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2000年第18期97卷 10231-10235页

作者： Nyholm, SV Stabb, EV Ruby, EG McFall-Ngai, MJ Univ Hawaii Pacific Biomed Res Ctr Kewalo Marine Lab Honolulu HI 96813 USA Univ Hawaii Manoa Dept Zool Honolulu HI 96822 USA

While most animal-bacterial symbioses are reestablished each successive generation, the mechanisms by which the host and its potential microbial partners ensure tissue colonization remain largely undescribed. We used the model association between the squid Euprymna scolopes and Vibrio fischeri to examine this process. This light organ symbiosis is initiated when V. fischeri cells present in the surrounding seawater enter pores on the surface of the nascent organ and colonize deep epithelia-lined crypts, We discovered that when newly hatched squid were experimentally exposed to natural seawater, the animals responded by secreting a viscous material from the pores of the organ, Animals maintained in filtered seawater produced no secretions unless Gram-negative bacteria, either living or dead, were reintroduced. The viscous material bound only lectins that are specific for either N-acetyl-neuraminic acid or N-acetylgalactosamine, suggesting that it was composed of a mucus-containing matrix. Complex ciliated fields on the surface of the organ produced water currents that focused the matrix into a mass that was tethered to, and suspended above, the light organ pores, When V. fischeri cells were introduced into the seawater surrounding the squid, the bacteria were drawn into its fluid-filled body cavity during ventilation and were ca ptu red in the matrix. After residing as an aggregate for several hours, the symbionts migrated into the pores and colonized the crypt epithelia, This mode of infection may be an example of a widespread strategy by which aquatic hosts increase the likelihood of successful colonization by rarely encountered symbionts.

关键词：克隆分子十腕总目/微生物学十腕总目/生理学上皮/微生物学上皮/生理学革兰氏阴性菌/生理学革兰氏阳性菌/生理学绿色荧光蛋白质类外源凝集素类发光蛋白质类/分析发光蛋白质类/遗传学重组蛋白质类/分析海水/微生物学共生弧菌属/生理学动物

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INTESTINAL ADENOMATOSIS IN PIG - POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP WITH A HEMORRHAGIC ENTEROPATHY

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RESEARCH IN VETERINARY SCIENCE 1975年第3期18卷 263-268页

作者： ROWLAND, AC LAWSON, GHK UNIV EDINBURGH DEPT VET PATHOLVET FIELD STNMIDLOTHIANSCOTLAND

An outbreak of a haemorrhagic enteropathy in a closed herd of pigs was followed by the appearance, in the same herd, of cases of intestinal adenomatosis. This paper now draws attention to similarties in the mucosal pathology which are present in the two conditions. The affected tissue showed substantial epithelial proliferation and retrospective electron microscopic studies of material from both these entities revealed the presence of bacteria of similar morphology within the cytoplasm of these epithelial cells.

关键词：腺瘤/微生物学腺瘤/病理学腺瘤/兽医学细菌/分离和提纯上皮细胞上皮/微生物学上皮/超微结构胃肠出血/微生物学胃肠出血/病理学胃肠出血/兽医学回肠/微生物学回肠/超微结构肠疾病/微生物学肠疾病/病理学肠疾病/兽医学肠黏膜/超微结构肠肿瘤/微生物学肠肿瘤/病理学肠肿瘤/兽医学猪猪疾病/微生物学猪疾病/病理学动物

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SHIGELLOSIS AND ESCHERICHIA-COLI DIARRHEA - RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF INVASIVE AND TOXIGENIC MECHANISMS

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 1979年第1期32卷 229-233页

作者： OBRIEN, AD GENTRY, MK THOMPSON, MR DOCTOR, BP GEMSKI, P FORMAL, SB

Shigellae and dysentery-like Escherichia coli must invade the epithelium of the colon to cause disease which can present as dysentery, diarrhea, or both. This paper addresses the possible role of a Shigella dysenteriae-like (Shiga-like) toxin in the pathogenesis of shigellosis and E. coli diarrheal diseases. The possibility for such a role is suggested by the following observations: 1) diarrhea, considered to be a result of secretion of water by the small bowel, is frequently observed in shigellosis, a large bowel disease. 2) Even though shigellae do not invade the jejunum of monkeys fed Shigella flexneri, jejunal secretion is seen in animals with diarrhea. 3) The Shiga toxin of S. dysenteriae has enterotoxic activity and other serotypes of shigellae produce Shiga-like toxins. 4) E. coli 015 RDEC-1 causes a diarrheal disease and frequently death in young rabbits. This organism neither produces E. coli enterotoxins nor is it invasive, but it may produce low levels of a Shiga-like toxin.

关键词：抗毒素类/药理学细菌毒素类/中毒结肠/微生物学腹泻/病因学痢疾杆菌性/并发症痢疾杆菌性/微生物学肠毒素类/中毒上皮/微生物学大肠杆菌/致病力大肠杆菌感染/并发症大肠杆菌感染/微生物学直鼻猴亚目小肠/病理生理学血清分型志贺菌属/致病力痢疾志贺菌/致病力弗氏志贺菌/致病力种特异性动物兔

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EPITHELIAL-CELLS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL PLAQUE

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JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH 1976年第4期55卷 580-583页

作者： TINANOFF, N GROSS, A USA INST DENT RES DIV BASIC SCI RES & DEV COMMAND WASHINGTON DC 20012 USA

EM was used to study desquamated [human] epithelial cells in developing and mature dental plaques. Epithelial cells were commonly found in early plaque, and they may affect the adherence of bacteria to teeth. The cell... 详细信息

关键词：细菌/细胞学牙釉质/超微结构牙菌斑/微生物学牙菌斑/超微结构上皮细胞上皮/微生物学上皮/超微结构青少年儿童人类

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Antimicrobial peptides as mediators of epithelial host defense

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PEDIATRIC RESEARCH 1999年第6期45卷 785-794页

作者： Huttner, KM Bevins, CL Cleveland Clin Fdn Dept Immunol Cleveland OH 44195 USA Cleveland Clin Fdn Dept Gastroenterol Cleveland OH 44195 USA Cleveland Clin Fdn Dept Colorectal Surg Cleveland OH 44195 USA Childrens Hosp Div Newborn Med Boston MA 02115 USA

Mammalian epithelial surfaces are remarkable for their ability to provide critical physiologic functions in the face of frequent microbial challenges. The fact that these mucosal surfaces remain infection-free in the normal host suggests that highly effective mechanisms of host defense have evolved to protect these environmentally exposed tissues. Throughout the animal and plant kingdoms, endogenous genetically encoded antimicrobial peptides have been shown to be key elements in the response to epithelial compromise and microbial invasion. In mammals, a variety of such peptides have been identified, including the well-characterized defensins and cathelicidins. A major source of these host defense molecules is circulating phagocytic leukocytes. However, more recently, it has been shown that resident epithelial cells of the skin and respiratory, alimentary, and genitourinary tracts also synthesize and release antimicrobial peptides. Both in vitro and in vivo data support the hypothesis that these molecules are important contributors to intrinsic mucosal immunity. Alterations in their level of expression or biologic activity can predispose the organism to microbial infection. The regulatory and developmental aspects of antimicrobial peptide synthesis are discussed from a perspective that emphasizes the possible relevance to pediatric medicine.

关键词：氨基酸序列抗感染药/分类抗感染药/免疫学抗微生物阳离子肽类/分类抗微生物阳离子肽类/遗传学抗微生物阳离子肽类/免疫学内源性抗菌多肽类物质防御素类上皮/免疫学上皮/微生物学基因表达调控发育期分子序列数据帕内特细胞/免疫学蛋白质类/遗传学蛋白质类/免疫学动物人类

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新生儿结膜上皮细胞学检查临床研究

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沈阳医学院学报 1991年第1期 24-25,33页

作者：王毅力沈阳医学院附属第二医院

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Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced hypoestrogenism and changes in vaginal flora and epithelium

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OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2000年第3期96卷 431-439页

作者： Miller, L Patton, DT Meier, A Thwin, SS Hooton, TM Eschenbach, DA Univ Washington Dept Obstet & Gynecol Div Infect Dis Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Dept Med Div Infect Dis Seattle WA 98195 USA

Objective: To identify the effects of depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on vaginal microbial flora and epithelium. Methods: Women who desired DMPA for contraception were evaluated before and at 3 and 6 months after initiation of 150-mg DMPA injections every 3 months. At each visit, we assessed genital symptoms, vaginal signs, vaginal microflora, and histopathology by vaginal biopsies. Results: Among 38 women observed for 6 months, there was significant reduction in mean serum estradiol level (99.9 +/- 9.3 pg/mL to 26.6 +/- 1.6 pg/mL, P < .001). The number of subjects with any Lactobacillus did not change, but the number with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-positive Lactobacillus decreased from 20% before to 12% after 6 months of DMPA (P = .005). The log concentration in colony-forming units per milliliter of vaginal fluid of H2O2-positive Lactobacillus decreased in a linear manner from 4.0 +/- 0.6 at baseline to 2.5 +/- 0.6 after 6 months of DMPA use (P = .006). The mean number of cell layers in the epithelium was reduced slightly from 28.1 +/- 0.7 to 25.9 +/- 0.9 (P = .05), epithelial thickness decreased from 1.02 +/- 0.04 mm to 0.89 +/- 0.05 mm (P = .005), and the glycogen-positive thickness decreased from 0.81 +/- 0.04 mm at baseline to 0.66 +/- 0.05 after 6 months of DMPA use (P = .005). Conclusion: Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate produced a systemic hypoestrogenic state associated with decreased H2O2-positive Lactobacillus colonization and slight thinning of the glycogen vaginal epithelial layer. Such changes possibly compromise the vaginal barrier to infection. (Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:431-9. (C) 2000 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.).

关键词：集落计数微生物避孕药女用/投药和剂量避孕药女用/副作用用药计划表上皮/药物作用上皮/微生物学上皮/病理学雌激素类/缺乏随访研究注射肌肉内乳杆菌属/药物作用醋酸甲羟孕酮/投药和剂量醋酸甲羟孕酮/副作用阴道/药物作用阴道/微生物学阴道/病理学青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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