检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

A study of the workforce in emergency medicine: 1999

ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2002年第1期40卷 3-15页

作者： Moorhead, JC Gallery, ME Hirshkorn, C Barnaby, DP Barsan, WG Conrad, LC Dalsey, WC Fried, M Herman, SH Hogan, P Mannle, TE Packard, DC Perina, DG Pollack, CV Rapp, MT Rorrie, CC Schafermeyer, RW Oregon Hlth Sci Univ Dept Emergency Med Portland OR 97201 USA Amer Coll Emergency Phys Irvine CA USA Lewin Grp Falls Church VA USA Mt Sinai Sch Med Dept Emergency Med New York NY USA Univ Michigan Dept Emergency Med Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA St Joseph Hosp Dept Emergency Med Denver CO USA Robert Wood Johnson Univ Hosp Dept Emergency Med New Brunswick NJ USA Amer Coll Emergency Phys Washington DC USA Wesley Long Moses Cone Hosp Dept Emergency Med Greensboro NC USA Baylor Univ Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Dallas TX USA Univ Virginia Hlth Sci Ctr Dept Emergency Med Charlottesville VA USA Penn Hosp Dept Emergency Med Philadelphia PA 19107 USA Washington Univ Sch Med & Hlth Dept Emergency Med Washington DC USA Carolinas Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Charlotte NC 28203 USA

Study objective: We estimate the total number of physicians practicing clinical emergency medicine during a specified period, describe certain characteristics of those individuals to estimate the total number of full-time equivalents (FTEs) and the total number of individuals needed to staff those FTEs, and compare the data collected with those data collected in 1997. Methods: Data were gathered from a survey of a random sample of 2,153 hospitals drawn from a population of 5,329 hospitals reported by the American Hospital Association as having, or potentially having, an emergency department. The survey instrument addressed items such as descriptive data on the institution, enumeration of physicians in the ED, and the total number of physicians working during the period from June 6 to June 9, 1999. Demographic data on the individuals were also collected. Results: A total of 940 hospitals responded (a 44% return rate). These hospitals reported that a total of 6,719 physicians were working during the specified period, or an average of 7.85 persons scheduled per institution. The physicians were scheduled for a total of 347,702 hours. The average standard for FrE was 40 clinical hours per week. This equates to 4,346 FTEs or 5.29 FTEs per institution. The ratio of persons to FrEs was 1.48:1. With regard to demographics, 83% of the physicians were men, and 82% were white. Their average age was 42.6 years. As for professional credentials, 42% were emergency medicine residency trained, and 58% were board certified in emergency medicine;50% were certified by the American Board of Emergency Medicine. Conclusion: Given that there are 5,064 hospitals with EDs and given that the data indicate that there are 5.35 FTEs per ED, the total number of FTEs is projected to be 27,067 (SE=500). Given further that the data indicate a physician/FTE ratio of 1.47:1, we conclude that there are 39,746 persons (SE=806) needed to staff those FTEs. When adjusted for persons working at more than on

关键词：美国医院协会证明/统计学和数值数据急救医学/教育急诊室医院实习医师和住院医师职务/统计学和数值数据医务人员医院/标准医务人员医院/供应和分配人员配备和时间安排/统计学和数值数据专业场所/统计学和数值数据前瞻性研究薪金和附加福利/统计学和数值数据美国工作负荷量/统计学和数值数据成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

COMPARISON OF JOB EXPECTATIONS FULFILLMENT OF BS AND ENTRY-LEVEL PHARMD GRADUATES IN HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY PRACTICE

引用

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 1989年第2期53卷 133-137页

作者： COX, FM CARROLL, NV WOLFGANG, AP UNIV GEORGIA COLL PHARM ATHENS GA 30602 USA

Job expectations are an important link between work and subsequent employee mental and physical well-being. Schools and colleges play an important role in the development of job expectations. This role gives them the responsibility of not only technically training students but also instilling in them realistic job previews and career expectations. Failure to do so places the graduate in a state of conflict between the reality of work in his/her chosen career and his/her preconceived expectations regarding the work. This state represents a potential source of job-related stress. BS and entry level PharmD training programs represent two approaches to pharmaceutical education in a practice environment which remains essentially the same for graduates of both programs. As such, there is the potential for a mismatch of job expectations resulting from one or both of the degree types. The present study investigated the following research questions: (i) to what extent are job expectations being fulfilled for pharmacists in hospital and community pharmacy; and (ii) in community and hospital practice, does the fulfillment of job expectations of BS and entry level PharmD graduates differ? Questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected 1980 to 1986 graduates of seven schools or colleges of pharmacy to elicit responses regarding fulfillment of job expectations in their present community or hospital pharmacy positions. The response rate was 48 percent. The subsequent data revealed that pharmacists generally felt that their job expectations were being fulfilled. No differences in overall fulfillment of job expectations were found between BS and entry level PharmD graduates in either community or hospital pharmacy practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

关键词：医务工作者的态度/统计学和数值数据职业选择教育药学教育药学研究生职业满意药剂师/心理学药剂科医院/人力专业场所/统计学和数值数据问卷调查美国人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effects of second office and hospital consulting practices of physicians on rural communities

引用

JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 1997年第3期13卷 179-189页

作者： Hicks, LL Hassinger, E Taparanskas, W UNIV MISSOURI 324 CLARK HALLCOLUMBIAMO 65211 USA

This research examined the prevalence of second offices and hospital consulting practices of physicians in Missouri, the characteristics of physicians participating in such practices, the change in availability of services through these practices, the characteristics of counties and hospitals involved, and the practice organization of participating physicians. The assessment of the factors was conducted within the conceptual framework of community and physician characteristics, practice form and organization, and health system resources. In 1993, 64 of the 93 nonmetropolitan counties in Missouri, gained, on average, 1.3 full-time equivalent physicians through second office and hospital consulting practices. Eighteen nonmetropolitan counties lost, on average, 0.4 full-time equivalent physicians through these practices;11 nonmetropolitan counties were not affected. The majority of physicians engaged in these two types of practices are nonprimary care specialists. Consequently, in addition to the net contribution to total physician service availability, many nonmetropolitan counties gained access locally to a wider variety of specialty services. This change in availability of physician services, not generally incorporated in decisions, needs to be considered when policy efforts are undertaken to change the spatial and specialty distribution of physicians.

关键词：职业选择卫生保健调查/方法卫生服务易得程度卫生服务研究医院乡村/人力院内诊疗医务人员医院/供应和分配密苏里医师/统计学和数值数据医师/供应和分配医师办公室专业场所/统计学和数值数据转诊和会诊/组织和管理乡村卫生服务/人力女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

THE IMPACT OF PHYSICIAN CHARACTERISTICS IN CONDITIONAL CHOICE MODELS FOR HOSPITAL-CARE

引用

JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 1992年第1期11卷 43-62页

作者： BURNS, LR WHOLEY, DR UNIV ARIZONA COLL BUSINESS & PUBL ADMSCH PUBL ADMTUCSONAZ 85721 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV DEPT SOCIAL & DECIS SCIPITTSBURGHPA 15213

Recent research has investigated the determinants of the specific hospitals to which patients are admitted. Data limitations have led researchers to examine the effects of patient and hospital characteristics while ignoring the role of physician characteristics. In this study we analyze the effects of all three sets of factors on hospital choice in the greater Phoenix area during 1989. Our results suggest that physician characteristics are strong determinants of hospital choice, accounting for much of the explained variation. Differences in hospital quality and cost, on the other hand, exert significant effects on hospital choice but explain relatively little variation.

关键词：亚利桑那卫生服务范围/统计学和数值数据选择行为诊断相关患者组/统计学和数值数据费用和收费/统计学和数值数据卫生服务研究/方法医院死亡率医院/分类医院/统计学和数值数据医院/利用模型统计学医师/分类医师/统计学和数值数据医师/利用专业场所/统计学和数值数据卫生保健质量/统计学和数值数据回归分析运输人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

A MACROMODEL OF CHANGE IN SPECIALTY AND SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSICIANS IN CANADA, 1971-1981

引用

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES 1992年第2期26卷 111-127页

作者： KRISHNAN, V FAMILY & SOCIAL SERV EDMONTON T5J 3E4ALBERTACANADA

Most studies on physician distribution have examined static relationships involving the influence of such factors as socio-economic status. This study employs a causal model to study change in physician ratios (general practitioners and family physicians, and specialists) between 1971 and 1981 as a function of change in hospital bed ratios, population size, age distribution, educational attainment of the population, population "native", owner-occupied dwellings, and geographic proximity to the nearest metropolitan area, using physician data for 189 Canadian census divisions. The results, derived from LISREL VI analyses, indicate that specialists experienced increases in their supply in higher socio-economic status areas and in those areas losing general practitioners and family physicians (from 1971 to 1981). General practitioners and family physicians appear to have moved into areas with a relatively low percentage of owner-occupied dwellings and areas where a large percentage of the population is "native". Both groups of physicians appear to have increased in areas where there were increases in hospital facilities over the decade. The study confirms the known association between the two physician groups;that is, general practitioners and family physicians increased in areas gaining specialists and specialists increased in areas where considerable decreases in general practitioners and family physicians were occurring. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for physician manpower planning.

关键词：加拿大卫生服务范围数据收集人口统计学教育程度评价研究卫生服务研究/方法医院/供应和分配模型统计学医师/统计学和数值数据医师/供应和分配专业场所/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素专业医学/人力专业医学/统计学和数值数据

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Multi-method assessment of access to primary medical care in rural Colorado

引用

JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 1999年第1期15卷 113-121页

作者： Fryer, GE Drisko, J Krugman, RD Vojir, CP Prochazka, A Miyoshi, TJ Miller, ME Univ Colorado Hlth Sci Ctr Denver CO 80220 USA

The objectives of this study include conducting an analysis of access to primary medical care in rural Colorado through simultaneous consideration of primary care physician-to-population and distance-to-nearest provider indices. Analyses examined the potential development and implications of excessively large, perhaps unmanageable patient caseloads that might result from every rural Coloradoan's exclusive use of the nearest generalist physician as a regular source of care. Using American Medical Association Physician Masterfile data for 1995 and coordinates for latitude and longitude from U.S. Census files (Census of Population and Housing, 1990), the authors calculated distance to the nearest primary care physician for residents of each of the 1,317 block groups in Colorado's 52 rural counties. Caseloads for each generalist physician were computed assuming the population used the nearest provider for care. Straight-line mileage to primary medical care was modest for rural Coloradoans-a median distance of 2.5 miles. Almost two-thirds (65 percent) of the population resided within 5 miles, and virtually all residents (99 percent) were within 30 miles of a generalist physician. However, had everyone traveled the shortest possible distance to care, demand for service from many of the 343 primary care doctors in rural regions of the state would have been overwhelming. The results of simultaneous application of distance-to-care and provider-to-population techniques unrestricted by geographic boundaries depict access to primary medical care and corresponding consumer difficulty more fully than in previous studies. Further combination of methods of needs assessment such as those used in this analysis may better inform the future efforts of organizations mandated to address health care underservice in rural areas.

关键词：科罗拉多数据说明统计卫生服务易得程度/标准卫生服务研究/方法医师家庭/供应和分配医师家庭/利用人口密度初级卫生保健/人力初级卫生保健/利用专业场所/统计学和数值数据乡村卫生服务/人力乡村卫生服务/利用旅行工作负荷量人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Dimensions of retention: A national study of the locational histories of physician assistants

引用

JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 1999年第4期15卷 391-402页

作者： Larson, EH Hart, LG Goodwin, MK Geller, J Andrilla, C Univ Washington Sch Med Dept Family Med WWAMI Rural Hlth Res Ctr Seattle WA 98195 USA

This study describes the locational histories of a representative national sample of physician assistants and considers the implications of observed locational behavior for recruitment and retention of physician assistants in rural practice. Through a survey, physician assistants listed all the places they had practiced since completing their physician assistant training, making it possible to classify the career histories of physician assistants as "all rural," "all urban," "urban to rural" or "rural to urban." The study examined the retention of physician assistants in rural practice at several levels: in the first practice, in rural practice overall and in states. Physician assistants who started their careers in rural locations were more likely to leave them during the first four years of practice than urban physician assistants, and female rural physician assistants were slightly more likely to leave than men. Those starting in rural practice had high attrition to urban areas (41 percent);however a significant proportion of the physician assistants who started in urban practice settings left for rural settings (10 percent). This kept the total proportion of physician assistants in rural practice at it steady 20 percent. While 21 percent of the earliest graduates of physician assistant training programs have had exclusively rural careers, only 9 percent of physician assistants with four to seven years of experience have worked exclusively in rural settings. At the state level, generalist physician assistants were significantly more likely to leave states with practice environments unfavorable to physician assistant practice in terms of prescriptive authority, reimbursement and insurance.

关键词：专业场所/统计学和数值数据问卷调查乡村卫生服务/人力美国市区卫生服务/人力

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The distribution of rural female generalist physicians in the United States

引用

JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 2000年第2期16卷 111-118页

作者： Doescher, MP Ellsbury, KE Hart, LG Univ Washington Dept Family Med Sch Med Seattle WA 98195 USA

Female physicians are underrepresented in rural areas. What impact might the increasing proportion of women have on the rural physician shortage? To begin addressing this question, we present data describing the geographic distribution of female physicians in the United States. We examine the geographic distribution of all active U.S. allopathic physicians recorded in the October 1996 update of the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. Percentages and numbers of female physicians by professional activity, specialty type, and geographic location are reported. Findings reveal there were fewer than 7,000 female allopathic physicians practicing in rural America in 1996. The proportion of generalist female physicians who practice in rural settings was significantly lower than the proportion who practice in urban locations. Although members of then most recent 10-year medical school graduation cohort of female generalist physicians remained significantly underrepresented in rural areas. States varied dramatically in rural female generalist underrepresentation. Should female generalists continue to be underrepresented in rural locations, the rural physician shortage will nit be resolved quickly. Effective strategies to improve rural female physician placement and retention need to be identified and implemented to improve rural access to physician care.

关键词：美国医学协会卫生服务易得程度/统计学和数值数据缺医地区医师家庭/供应和分配医师女/供应和分配专业场所/统计学和数值数据乡村卫生服务/人力美国女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Is the target income hypothesis an economic heresy?

引用

MEDICAL CARE RESEARCH AND REVIEW 1996年第3期53卷 243-266页

作者： Rizzo, JA HARVARD UNIV SCH MED CAMBRIDGE MA 02138 USA

This study is the first to relate physician-specific measures of target and actual income to pricing decisions. We find that a higher ratio of target to actual income leads to a significant price increase among self-employed,fee-for-service primary care physicians, with an elasticity of approximately 0.3, but not among self-employed primary care physicians who are not paid on a fee-for-service basis. Thus we find evidence of target income pricing when, as in the case of fee-for-service practices, physicians stand to gain financially from their pricing decisions. Although the target income hypothesis (TIH) has been criticized for lacking firm grounding in economic theory, this article argues that the notion of targets has a long history in economic theory and pricing to achieve a target is not new. Moreover, a variety of economic explanations render such behavior consistent with profit maximizing objectives.

关键词：按诊疗收费计划/经济学费用医疗/统计学和数值数据卫生服务研究收入/发展趋势模型经济计量学医师家庭/经济学医师家庭/供应和分配诊疗工作管理医学/经济学专业场所/经济学专业场所/统计学和数值数据美国女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International medical graduates in rural America: The 1987 distribution of physicians who entered the US medical system between 1969 and 1982

引用

JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 1996年第5期12卷 423-431页

作者： Mick, SS Sutnick, AI UNIV MICHIGAN SCH PUBL HLTHDEPT HLTH POLICY & MANAGEMENT109 OBSERVANN ARBORMI 48109 USA

This study examines the differential location on Dec. 31, 1987, in nonmetropolitan U.S. counties of a cohort of international medical graduates (IMGs) (n=246,754) certified by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates between 1969 and 1982, and a matched group of U.S. medical graduates (USMGs). Analysis of counties grouped into categories of population size revealed disparities across certain U.S. census divisions. IMGs were distributed disproportionately in the West North Central and East South Central census divisions. The implications of the IMG presence in numerous rural counties is discussed from the perspective of recent policy proposals to reduce the number of IMGs in the United States.

关键词：卡方分布数据收集外国医学研究生/供应和分配卫生服务易得程度卫生服务研究/方法专业场所/统计学和数值数据乡村卫生服务/人力美国人类

来源：评论

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：