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School-based telemedicine: using technology to bring health care to inner-city children

JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE 1999年第Sup1期5卷 23-25页

作者： Whitten, PS Cook, DJ Michigan State Univ Dept Telecommun E Lansing MI 48824 USA Univ Kansas Med Ctr Telemed Dept Kansas City KS 66103 USA

In the USA, children in low-income, medically understaffed areas have difficulty accessing health care. A pilot telemedicine service was established in Kansas, linking four elementary schools with a local hospital at 128 kbit/s. PC-based videoconferencing systems, a stethoscope, an otoscope and fax machine were installed for each school's nurse. During the first three months of operation, 187 consultations were conducted by a hospital physician over the video-link. Ear, nose and throat problems were the most common reason for referral (29%), followed by dermatological problems (20%) and mandatory school physicals (20%). Prescriptions were issued in 67% of cases. Eighteen per cent of children required referrals for specialist care. The pilot service successfully enabled medically disadvantaged children to receive health care and prompted four additional schools to join the project.

关键词：堪萨斯缺医地区试点项目中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理电话传真远程医学/组织和管理遥测术市区卫生服务/组织和管理儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Adolescent suicide prevention: Acceptability of school-based programs among secondary school principals

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SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR 1999年第1期29卷 72-85页

作者： Miller, DN Eckert, TL DuPaul, GJ White, GP Lehigh Univ Dept Educ & Human Serv Sch Psychol Program Bethlehem PA 18015 USA Syracuse Univ Dept Psychol Syracuse NY USA

High school principals' acceptability ratings of three school-based programs for the prevention of adolescent suicide were examined. From a random sample of members from the 1994-1995 membership directory of the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP), a total of 185 (40%) respondents completed the Suicide Prevention Program Rating Profile (SPPRP), a measure designed to evaluate the acceptability of suicide prevention programs, after reading a description of a particular prevention program. Programs evaluated for their acceptability included (1) curriculum-based programs presented to students, (2) in-service presentations to school staff, and (3) student self-report screening measures. The results indicated that the curriculum-based and staff in-service programs were significantly more acceptable to principals than was the schoolwide student screening program. No significant differences between the acceptability of curriculum-based and inservice programs were found. Limitations of the study and implications for practice and research are discussed.

关键词：行政管理人员/心理学青春期行为/心理学方差分析课程卫生保健调查健康知识态度实践健康促进/方法普查/方法预防卫生服务/方法方案评价随机分配中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理院校自杀/预防和控制青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Implementation and process evaluation of a student ''school-as-community'' group - A component of a school-based drug abuse prevention program

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 94-123页

作者： Sussman, S Galaif, ER Newman, T Hennesy, M Pentz, MA Dent, CW Stacy, AW Moss, MA Craig, S Simon, TR UNIV SO CALIF DEPT PREVENT MEDLOS ANGELESCA 90089 UNIV SO CALIF INST HLTH PROMOT & DIS PREVENT RESLOS ANGELESCA 90089

Little documentation exists regarding the functioning of formalized adolescent groups or;drug abase prevention agents. Two studies are described that were conducted at high schools whose students are of high risk for drug abuse Twenty-one schools were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (a) standard care, (b) classroom drug abuse education only, arte) classroom plus school-as-community. Results of the first study indicated that the school-as-community component-which involved weekly meetings and periodic events at seven schools-was implemented as planned drug abused focused and perceived as productive in discouraging drug abuse. In the second study, staff in the classroom plus school-as-community condition self-reported involvement in the greatest number of community activities across the school year;compared with staff from the other two conditions. These two studies support the feasibility of formalized groups of high-risk youth to promote drug-free events.

关键词：社区卫生服务/组织和管理过程评价(卫生保健) 方案评价随机分配中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理物质相关性障碍/预防和控制青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Promoting teenage health: Some observations from a study tour of the USA

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Health Education Journal 1986年第2期45卷 99-102页

作者： Finn, Lynda Health Education Council. United Kingdom

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The Western Australian School Health Project: comparing the effects of intervention intensity on organizational support for school health promotion

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2000年第1期15卷 59-72页

作者： McBride, N Natl Ctr Res Prevent Drug Abuse S Perth WA 6151 Australia

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in school health promotion practice related to two levels of intervention in the Western Australian School Health (WASH) Project: (1) a low-intensity intervention involving a single mail-out of WASH Project resources, and (2) a high-intensity intervention involving training, planning time and expert support, The schools involved in the study were divided into three groups, Treatment group 1 received the high-intensity intervention, treatment group 2 received the low-intensity intervention and a comparison group received no intervention, Two scales were developed to assess change, i.e. a school organizational scale (Chronbach's alpha = 0.76) and a health promotion activity scale (Chronbach's alpha = 0.79), The results indicate that a high-intensity intervention, such as the WASH Project, which provides training to a critical mass of school community members from each school, ongoing access to an expert in the field, as well as dedicated planning time, is able to increase the comprehensiveness and quality of health strategic planning by schools, Furthermore, the results suggest that a low-intensity mail-out intervention is no more successful in initiating change that providing no intervention at all.

关键词：卡方分布健康促进/方法方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理统计学非参数西澳大利亚青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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A coordinated school health program approach to adolescent obesity.

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The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses 2000年第1期16卷 12-19页

作者： Illuzzi, S. Cinelli, B. Bala Cynwyd Middle School Pennsylvania United States

Obesity has become one of this country's most significant nutritional diseases. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has steadily increased over the past 20 years. The risk of developing health problems increases as the obese child becomes an obese adolescent and adult. The 1997 Youth Risk Behavior Survey reports adolescents participate in behaviors that put them at risk for obesity. The recognition of these unhealthy behaviors among our youth has led to the need for early intervention. The Coordinated School Health Program is a mechanism to address adolescent obesity at the school-age level. This program includes an organized set of policies, procedures, and activities intended to protect and promote the health and well-being of students and staff. The eight components of a Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) include school health services, a healthy school environment, comprehensive school health education, counseling and guidance, physical education, food service, worksite health promotion, and the integration of school and community. This paper describes integration of prevention and treatment strategies for adolescent obesity for each of the eight components of a CSHP.

关键词：咨询/组织和管理食品服务/组织和管理健康教育/组织和管理健康促进/组织和管理部门间关系营养生理学/教育肥胖症/诊断肥胖症/护理肥胖症/预防和控制体育和训练/组织和管理方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理中小学生护理/组织和管理青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The effects of a health education intervention initiated at first grade over a 3 year period: physical activity and fitness indices

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 1998年第4期13卷 593-606页

作者： Manios, Y Kafatos, A Mamalakis, G Univ Crete Sch Med Dept Social Med Prevent Med & Nutr Clin Iraklion Crete Greece

A health education intervention was carried out for three consecutive years on primary school Cretan children, Baseline measures were obtained from 962 pupils (509 boys and 453 girls) registered in first grade in 1992, The health education intervention programme was directed at both the children of the intervention group and their parents, and has a projected duration of 6 years. After the completion of the 3 years of intervention and while pupils were in fourth grade, measures were obtained for evaluation purposes on a random subsample of 393 pupils of the original cohort, Statistically greater improvements in the intervention, as opposed to the control group, were observed for both children's and parents' health knowledge, and children's standing broad jump, sit-ups (SUP), sit-and-reach, handgrip and endurance run test (ERT), Furthermore, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activities out of school significantly increased for intervention group children compared to the control group, Statistically smaller increases in the intervention as opposed to the control group were observed in suprailiac skinfold and body mass index. The degree of improvement in both SUP and ERT related positively to parent's baseline physical activity score, Finally, the parental attitude of health-related hedonism related negatively to SUP improvement.

关键词：运动(Exercise) 希腊健康教育/组织和管理健康知识态度实践身体素质方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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DIFFUSION OF AN EFFECTIVE TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM .1. EVALUATION OF THE DISSEMINATION PHASE

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 1995年第3期10卷 283-295页

作者： BRINK, SG BASENENGQUIST, KM OHARATOMPKINS, NM PARCEL, GS GOTTLIEB, NH LOVATO, CY HEALTHMARK ASSOCIATES WASHINGTONDC 20009 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA INST HLTH PROMOT RESVANCOUVERBC V6T 1Z4CANADA

As health promotion methods are proven effective, the diffusion and widespread implementation of successful programs can significantly reduce behaviors that pose risks to health within a targeted population. The Smart Choices Diffusion Project developed and evaluated a dissemination intervention program that targeted 128 school districts in east Texas. The project employed a theory-based model to disseminate information about a proven tobacco prevention program to opinion leaders in each district, These opinion leaders were asked to personally communicate the program information within their district using a videotape and printed materials, and advocate for program adoption. In addition to personal communication, a newsletter linked school districts, Opinion leaders in 52% of the districts showed the videotape, which modeled program adoption. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the impact of the dissemination phase on teachers' and administrators' readiness to adopt a tobacco prevention program. Evaluation of the dissemination phase revealed no differences between the intervention and comparison districts in a district's readiness to adopt a tobacco prevention program. However, in intervention districts where school administrators viewed the videotape, the administrators were more likely to perceive the innovative program as having a relative advantage and to perceive their district's organizational and social environment as supportive of adopting the program.

关键词：行政管理人员/心理学健康态度革新推广全体教工院校健康教育/组织和管理模型心理学方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理吸烟/预防和控制录像磁带成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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DIFFUSION OF AN EFFECTIVE TOBACCO PREVENTION PROGRAM .2. EVALUATION OF THE ADOPTION PHASE

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 1995年第3期10卷 297-307页

作者： PARCEL, GS OHARATOMPKINS, NM HARRIST, RB BASENENGQUIST, KM MCCORMICK, LK GOTTLIEB, NH ERIKSEN, MP UNIV TEXAS SCH PUBL HLTHDEPT BIOMETRYHOUSTONTX 77225 CTR DIS CONTROL OFF SMOKING & HLTHATLANTAGA 30333

This paper presents the results of theory-based intervention strategies to increase the adoption of a tobacco prevention program. The adoption intervention followed a series of dissemination intervention strategies targeted at 128 school districts in Texas. Informed by Social Cognitive Theory, the intervention provided opportunities for districts to learn about and model themselves after 'successful' school districts that had adopted the program, and to see the potential for social reinforcement through the knowledge that the program had the potential to have an important influence on students' lives. The proportion of districts in the Intervention condition that adopted the program was significantly greater than in the Comparison condition (P < 0.001). Stepwise logistic regression indicated that the variables most closely related to adoption among intervention districts were teacher attitudes toward the innovation and organizational considerations of administrators, Recommendations for the development of effective strategies for the diffusion of innovations are presented.

关键词：行政管理人员/心理学健康态度决策组织革新推广全体教工院校健康教育/组织和管理 Logistic模型组织方针方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理吸烟/预防和控制人类

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The irrelevance of evidence in the development of school-based drug prevention policy, 1986-1996

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1998年第1期22卷 118-146页

作者： Gorman, DM Rutgers State Univ Piscataway NJ 08855 USA

This article examines developments in school-based drug prevention policy and programming since the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Using data from national surveys and evaluations of school-based programs it argues, first, that there was really no need for a massive infusion of money into school-based drug prevention in the late 1980s, and second, that there was little or no evidence to indicate that a "new generation" of effective programs, based on the so-called social influence model, was emerging at this time. Despite the infusion of resources into school-based prevention efforts, adolescent drug use has risen in recent yeats. Moreover evaluations continue to show that the effectiveness of social influence programs is very much in the eye of the beholder Fundamental questions need to be asked of school-based drug-prevention-just as they should be asked of other key components of our current drug control policy.

关键词：药品和麻醉品检定/组织和管理政策制订方案评价中小学生卫生保健服务/组织和管理敏感性与特异性物质相关性障碍/预防和控制美国青少年成年人儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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