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Analysis of chlorpyrifos exposure and human health: Expert panel report

JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS 1999年第4期2卷 301-324页

作者： Albers, JW Cole, P Greenberg, RS Mandel, JS Monson, RR Ross, JH Snodgrass, WR Spurgeon, A van Gemert, M Van Gemert & Hauswirth LLC Charlotte Hall MD 20622 USA Univ Michigan Sch Med Dept Neurol Ann Arbor MI USA Univ Michigan Sch Publ Hlth Dept Environm & Ind Hlth Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Univ Alabama Birmingham Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Birmingham AL 35294 USA Med Univ S Carolina Charleston SC USA Univ Minnesota Sch Publ Hlth Div Environm & Occupat Hlth Minneapolis MN USA Harvard Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Boston MA USA State Calif Worker Hlth & Safety Branch Dept Pesticide Regulat Sacramento CA USA Univ Texas Dept Pediat Galveston TX USA Univ Texas Dept Pharmacol Toxicol Galveston TX USA Univ Texas Texas Poison Ctr Galveston TX USA Univ Birmingham Inst Occupat Hlth Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

This report summarizes the deliberations of an eight-member panel of scientists convened by Dow AgroSciences in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), The panel was charged with evaluating the scientific literature on the health effects potentially associated with exposure to the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Specifically, the panel was asked to (1) evaluate human experience data available and address the adequacy of the available current literature;(2) develop a list of recommendations for epidemiology studies, including appropriate endpoints and study populations, and strengths and weaknesses of each approach;and (3) draft a report to summarize its recommendations. The panel assessed the quality of the existing epidemiologic literature on chlorpyrifos and specific outcomes such as neuropathy (including organophosphate induced delayed neurotoxicity), behavior (cognition and affect), immunologic, and multiple complaints (also referred to as multiple chemical sensitivities). The majority of panel members (five members) agreed that the literature reviewed provided little or no scientific evidence that chlorpyrifos exposure causes harm to human health other than its known cholinergic effects associated with acute poisoning. Those panel members voting in the minority (three members) agreed that the studies reviewed provided inadequate evidence to preclude the possibility of adverse effects to human health from chlorpyrifos exposure at levels associated with its manufacture or professional application. Those voting in the minority suggested further investigation of cohort(s) of workers engaged in either the manufacture or the professional application of chlorpyrifos, or both. Compared to the general population, these groups have relatively high levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos. The primary health outcomes recommended for study were cognitive and affective disorders, with consideration of the assessment of peripheral neuropathy also suggested for a

关键词：农业工人疾病/化学诱导中枢神经系统/药物作用毒死蜱/药代动力学毒死蜱/毒性杀虫药/药代动力学杀虫药/毒性动物人类

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喹诺酮类药物中枢神经系统不良反应8例分析

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中国误诊学杂志 2009年第31期9卷 7764-7764页

作者：陈长秋张海霞河南省焦作市马村区人民医院内科 454171 河南焦作煤业集团中央医院内科 454100

喹诺酮类药物临床应用广泛,胃肠道不良反应常见,中枢神经系统不良反应较少报道,现就临床遇到的8例分析如下.1.河南省焦作市马村区人民医院内科454171;2.河南焦作煤

关键词：喹诺酮类/药理学中枢神经系统/药物作用人类

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KETAMINE ANESTHESIA

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE 1975年第1期26卷 137-141页

作者： LANNING, CF HARMEL, MH DUKE UNIV MED CTRDEPT ANESTHESIOLDURHAMNC 27710

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Diethylhydroxylamine given in vivo inhibits lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin formation in the nervous tissues of rat

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Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1999年第4期37卷 355-358页

作者： Sharma, Deepak Singh, Rameshwar NeurobiologyLaboratory SchoolofLifeSciencesJawaharlalNehruUniversityNewDelhiIndia.

In vivo effects of diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) on lipid peroxidation and lipofuscin formation in the nervous tissues of rat have been investigated. Rats were fed DEHA for 30, 60 and 90 days and lipid peroxidation levels and lipofuscin concentration measured in cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord. Lipofuscin contents were also assessed histochemically. The results showed that the drug caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation level and lipofuscin concentration related to ageing.

关键词：衰老/代谢脑干/药物作用脑干/代谢中枢神经系统/药物作用中枢神经系统/代谢小脑/药物作用小脑/代谢羟胺类/药理学脂质过氧化作用/药物作用脂褐素/生物合成大鼠 Wistar 脊髓/药物作用脊髓/代谢动物男(雄)性大鼠

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CNS activity of Vitex negundo Linn. in mice

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Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 1999年第2期37卷 143-146页

作者： Gupta, Malaya Mazumder, Upal Kanti Bhawal, Sima Rani DepartmentofPharmaceuticalTechnology JadavpurUniversityCalcuttaIndia.

Methanolic extract (ME) of the leaves of V. negundo potentiated significantly the sleeping time induced by pentobarbitone sodium, diazepam and chlorpromazine it mice. ME possesses analgesic properties and potentiated analgesia induced by morphine and pethidine. ME also showed significant protection against strychnine and leptazole induced convulsions. The results suggest that ME exhibits CNS depressant activity in a dose dependent manner.

关键词：镇痛药/药理学抗惊厥药/药理学中枢神经系统/药物作用疼痛测定植物提取物/药理学植物药用发作/药物疗法睡眠/药物作用牡荆属动物小鼠

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Effect of selenium deficiency on the development of central nervous system lesions in murine listeriosis

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY 2000年第2-3期123卷 104-109页

作者： Altimira, J Prats, N López, S Domingo, M Briones, V Domínguez, L Marco, A Univ Autonoma Barcelona Fac Vet Dept Patol & Prod Anim Histol & Anat Patol E-08193 Barcelona Spain Univ Complutense Madrid Fac Vet Dept Patol Anim 1 E-28040 Madrid Spain

The effect of selenium (Se) deficiency, produced by feeding a Se-deficient diet, on the development of central nervous system (CNS) lesions was studied in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, administered in drinking water for 1 or 7 days in a daily dose of 10(9) organisms, or for 7 days in a daily dose of 10(7). Se-deficient mice differed from Se-normal controls in developing CNS lesions significantly more frequently. Moreover, regardless of Se status, mice receiving repeated doses of 10(9) organisms difficult from those receiving a single 10(9) dose in showing CNS lesions at least twice as often. The majority of animals with CNS lesions showed an inflammatory pattern of rhombencephalitis (17/24), while only two of 24 showed choroiditis-ventriculitis-meningitis;five of 24 animals showed both inflammatory patients. Listeria monocytogenes antigen was identified within the areas of inflammation by an immunoperoxidase technique. Neuritis of the trigeminal nerve was present in eight animals. The relative lack of pathological changes in the liver and spleen validates this murine model for the study of CNS listeriosis. (C) 2000 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：抗原细菌/分析中枢神经系统/药物作用中枢神经系统/微生物学中枢神经系统/病理学集落计数微生物剂量效应关系药物免疫组织化学利斯特菌感染/微生物学利斯特菌感染/病理学利斯特菌单核细胞增生/细胞学利斯特菌单核细胞增生/免疫学肝/药物作用肝/代谢肝/微生物学硒/投药和剂量硒/缺乏动物小鼠

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ETHANOL, SEROTONIN METABOLISM, AND BODY-TEMPERATURE

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1976年第MAY28期273卷 247-255页

作者： RITZMANN, RF TABAKOFF, B UNIV ILLINOIS MED CTRDEPT PHYSIOLCHICAGOIL 60680

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DIPHENIDOL TREATMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS

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CHEST 1975年第4期67卷 422-424页

作者： WASSERMAN, AJ HORGAN, JH HASSAN, ZU PROCTOR, JD MCGUIRE VET ADM HOSP RICHMONDVA MED COLL VIRGINIA DEPT MEDRICHMONDVA MED COLL VIRGINIA DIV CLIN PHARMACOLBOX 284RICHMONDVA 23219

The antiarrhythmic activity of diphenidol, an antiemetic, has been demonstrated both in electrophysiologic studies of patients and in experimental arrhythmias in animals. Accordingly, 18 patients with tachyarrhythmias were treated with intravenous diphenidol in doses of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg. In six patients with atrial arrhythmias, there was no notable effect. Similarly, 12 patients with premature ventricular contractions were treated and studied. In six of them, ectopic beats were abolished, at least transiently; in three the number of ventricular premature contractions decreased; in two there was no effect; and in one, the number of premature beats was increased. Of the total number of 18 patients, 14 suffered adverse effects related to the central nervous system. These adverse effects were of such severity as to suggest that further studies with diphenidol as an antiarrhythmic are not warranted.

关键词：丁醇类/投药和剂量丁醇类/治疗应用中枢神经系统/药物作用意识错乱/化学诱导呼吸困难/化学诱导心电描记术电生理学注射静脉内哌啶类/投药和剂量哌啶类/治疗应用安慰剂老年人人类中年人

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Mindful immunology: Neuroimmunomodulation. (vol 21, pg 168, 2000)

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IMMUNOLOGY TODAY 2000年第7期21卷 332-332页

作者： Chambers, DA Schauenstein, K DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology UniversityofIllinoisatChicagoIL60612USA.donc@uic.edu

A recent congress on neuroimmunomodulation revealedhow the technologies ofcontemporary molecular scienceshave been used to explore anddefine signal transduction andcross-talk between the nervousand immune systems.

关键词：关节炎类风湿/免疫学自身免疫疾病/代谢中枢神经系统/药物作用中枢神经系统/免疫学促肾上腺皮质素释放激素/药理学细胞因子类/生理学脑炎/免疫学脑炎/代谢促性腺素释放激素/代谢淋巴细胞/代谢神经免疫调节/生理学神经递质药/药理学性别因素 α促黑素/药理学动物人类

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Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical drainage:: Case report and literature review of central nervous system pseudallescheriasis

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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2000年第3期31卷 673-677页

作者： Nesky, MA McDougal, EC Peacock, JE Wake Forest Univ Sch Med Div Infect Dis Dept Internal Med Winston Salem NC 27157 USA

Pseudallescheria boydii and its asexual form, Scedosporium apiospermum, are ubiquitous, saprophytic fungi that commonly cause cutaneous infection. However, in certain circumstances, P. boydii can also cause invasive disease, which can involve the central nervous system (CNS). When the CNS becomes involved, treatment is difficult, therapeutic options are limited, and the prognosis is poor. We report a case of Pseudallescheria brain abscess successfully treated with surgical drainage and systemic voriconazole, the first such case to be described in the literature. We also review previously reported cases of CNS pseudallescheriasis and evaluate therapeutic options.

关键词：抗真菌药/治疗应用脑脓肿/药物疗法脑脓肿/微生物学脑脓肿/外科学中枢神经系统/药物作用中枢神经系统/微生物学中枢神经系统/外科学引流术/方法真菌病/药物疗法真菌病/微生物学真菌病/外科学假霉样真菌属/药物作用嘧啶类/治疗应用三唑类/治疗应用人类男(雄)性中年人

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