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JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 1999年第1期37卷 69-73页

作者： Liu, JJ Daya, MR Mann, NC Mayo Clin Dept Internal Med Rochester MN 55906 USA Oregon Hlth Sci Univ Portland OR 97201 USA

Objective: Methanol poisoning accounts for several deaths annually in the province of Ontario. Our study was aimed at identifying the associated epidemiological factors for fatal outcomes following methanol poisoning in order to develop preventative strategies. Methods: The records of the Ontario Provincial Coroner's Office were: reviewed retrospectively for all poison-related, alcohol-related, anal chronic alcohol use-related deaths for the period of January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1991. Age, gender, reason for ingestion (accidental or intentional), and source of methanol for each victim were recorded. Results: There were 43 fatalities during this period, 39 males and 4 females with a mean age of 45 years (range 18-80). Suicide attempts accounted for 21 (49%) cases while the remaining 22 (51%) deaths were classified as accidental. Fourteen (64%) of these 22 patients consumed products labeled as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol as a substitute for ethanol. In 3 cases, the accidental ingestion was the direct result of methanol being improperly stored in containers normally associated with ethanol. The remaining 5 patients were poisoned through the consumption of liquor from illicit sources. Conclusions: Over half of the methanol-related deaths in Ontario are accidental and potentially preventable. Possible preventative strategies include mandatory product relabeling to eliminate the word alcohol, enhanced public education, and the addition of aversive agents to methanol-containing commercial products.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据饮酒/流行病学饮酒/心理学甲醇/中毒安大略/流行病学中毒/流行病学中毒/死亡率中毒/预防和控制回顾性研究自杀青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Violent mortality patterns in immigrants in Israel (1990-95)

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MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW 1999年第2期39卷 173-181页

作者： Karasik, D Yakovenko, K Lipstein, E Hiss, J Tel Aviv Univ Sackler Fac Med Dept Anat & Anthropol IL-69978 Tel Aviv Israel Inst Forens Med IL-61490 Tel Aviv Israel

Since 1989, a large number of immigrants, mostly from the former Soviet Union, have arrived in Israel, increasing the local population (c. 5 million) by 700,000. The morbidity and mortality of this immigant population have been the concern of many investigations. In the present study we examine the mortality pattern of a sample of 1,000 immigrants, whose deaths occurred during the years 1990-95 and were examined at the L. Greenberg (National) Institute of Forensic Medicine. The sample was divided into two subgroups, natural and unnatural, according to manner of death. Seventy-five per cent of the victims in the violent death subgroup were males with a mean age of 44.6 (SD 17.3) years, while the females of the same category were 52.7 years old on average (SD 19.9). The age distribution of the whole sample showed peaks in the 25-34-year-old group for males and the 35-44-year-old group for females. The most frequent causes of death were accident (44.1%), suicide (12.6%) and homicide (7%). In 5% of cases the cause of death could not be determined. The pattern of mortality from violent causes in the immigrant population differed from that of the country of origin in all parameters. The incidence of unnatural death in immigrants resembled the local pattern in Israel, and was significantly lower than that of their homeland.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据死亡原因独立国家联合体/人种学杀人/统计学和数值数据以色列/流行病学死亡率自杀/统计学和数值数据暴力/统计学和数值数据成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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The use of childhood injury surveillance within a general accident and emergency department

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Accident and Emergency Nursing 2002年第3期10卷 170-176页

作者： Ness, V. Hoskins, R. Robb, A. Accident and Emergency Department Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow 84 Castle Street United Kingdom

The prevention of accidental injury is a government priority in the United Kingdom. Following the recent Government White Paper, towards a Healthier Scotland (Scottish Office 1999), the issue of poverty and inequalities in health has come to prominence. This study, at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, looked at the socio-economic context of injuries and aimed to identify if there was a relationship between the frequency of injuries and the deprivation status of the patient. This paper examines one method of data collection, the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) which is currently being used at the local children's hospital. The practical difficulties of collecting this data within a busy, general Accident and Emergency (A&E) department are examined. The questionnaire uses narrative and sequence text to provide descriptive information relating to the injury and the events leading up to it. Findings demonstrated that a large percentage of children's injuries were treated at the child's local general hospital. Differences between the two hospitals were also found relating to the children's ages and where the injuries took place. Results also showed that the socio-economic distribution of childhood accidents is still a major problem in this city. Therefore, this study recommends that injury data should be collected at all A&E departments to establish an accurate picture of the pattern of injuries within the city. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词：事故预防事故/分类事故/统计学和数值数据年龄因素急诊室医院人群监测/方法苏格兰/流行病学社会经济因素创伤和损伤/流行病学创伤和损伤/病因学创伤和损伤/预防和控制青少年儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性

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Undetermined manner of death - A comparison with unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide death

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 43-57页

作者： Sorenson, SB Shen, HK Kraus, JF UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES SCH PUBL HLTHSO CALIF INJURY PREVENT RES CTRLOS ANGELESCA 90024 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES INST NEUROPSYCHIATDIV COMMUNITY PSYCHIATLOS ANGELESCA 90024

Injury deaths can be grouped into four general categories: accident, homicide, suicide, and undetermined The present study investigates the use of the ''undetermined'' category. External cause of death, as well as demographic and other variables, were abstracted from death certificates of the 386,936 Californians who died of an injury between 1969 and 1991. Differences among the four manner-of-death groups were examined and characteristics of the decedent and the injury event were used to predict a classification of undetermined Coroners classified 1.9% of the deaths as undetermined in manner Deaths of women, Blacks, Asians and Native Americans;the very young and the middle aged;or those involving poisoning or submersion were most likely to be classified as undetermined Acknowledging that individual coroner judgment may not be free of bias, these findings can help provide a better estimate of the frequency and the epidemiologic features of injury deaths that are assigned to the category of undetermined.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学死亡原因杀人/人种学杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型少数民族/统计学和数值数据比值比危险因素自杀/人种学自杀/统计学和数值数据创伤和损伤/人种学创伤和损伤/死亡率青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人

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Coroner-reviewed infant and toddler deaths - Many ''undetermineds'' resemble homicides

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 58-76页

Although homicide is a leading cause of death of infants and coddlers, there is some suspicion that an unknown number of additional deaths are unrecognised homicides. The authors used California mortality data from 1969 to 1991 to examine 12,246 injury deaths that occurred before age 5. Characteristics of the dead child, injury event, and postmortem were compared for accidents, homicides, and undetermined deaths. A logistic model was developed to differentiate homicides from accidental deaths and then was used to predict whether undetermined deaths were likely to be homicides or accidents. Unlike accidental deaths, undetermined and homicides had similar distribution patterns of age, race, sex, and place of injury. The predictive model indicates that 43.8% of the undetermined injury deaths were similar to homicides on several characteristics True rates of homicide for infants and toddlers may unfortunately be nearly one fifth and one tenth higher respectively if the undetermined deaths that resemble homicides are token into account.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学死亡原因杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型少数民族/统计学和数值数据比值比试验预期值创伤和损伤/人种学创伤和损伤/死亡率儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性

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Chapter 3. Fatal and nonfatal accidents/mishaps: safety center data.

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Military medicine 1999年第8 Suppl期164卷 1-88页

作者： Wortley, W.H. Feierstein, G. Lillibridge, A. Parli, R. Mangus, G. Seibert, J.F.

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武汉市青山区居民意外死亡分析

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中华预防医学杂志 1993年第1期27卷 48-48页

作者：彭勣刘鸿君陈敏刘亚民同济医科大学环境医学研究所武汉市青山区卫生防疫站

意外死亡是一种特殊的非疾病性死亡现象,随着死因谱的改变,意外死亡越来越明显地成为一种严重的社会问题。

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据猝死

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Forensic Medicine in the Rivers State of Nigeria: experience in four rural general hospitals

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MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW 2000年第1期40卷 71-77页

作者： Amakiri, CNT Braithwaite Mem Hosp Dept Pathol Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

A retrospective study of 375 consecutive medicolegal cases seen in four peripheral general hospitals in the Rivers State of Nigeria over a five-year period (March 1984 to February 1989) was undertaken. The most common indications for forensic medical consultation were assaults (78.6%) using clubs, sticks, fists and machetes as weapons, road traffic accidents (9.1%) and sexual offences (7.7%). The proportions of accidental deaths ( 4.3%), homicidal deaths (2.9%), sudden natural deaths (0.5%), maternal deaths (0.5%) and suicidal deaths (0.3%) were much lower. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4 to 1. The patients' ages ranged from 10 months to 75 years, with a mean of 31.6 years. Twenty-three cases (6.1%) were children, while the remaining 352 cases (93.9%) were adults. The study showed that for those cases which do come to the pathologist's attention, forensic personnel and laboratory services are inadequate in the peripheral parts of Nigeria. The study also highlighted the possible range of medicolegal problems of which the medical practitioner should be aware, even if he is practising in the rural non-urbanized areas of Nigeria. The study shows that not all deaths are registered in Nigeria.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据法医学/统计学和数值数据杀人/统计学和数值数据医院综合尼日利亚回顾性研究暴力/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人老年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿男(雄)性中年人

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Three shots, two dead, five errors, one gun: A recipe for prevention?

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2001年第3期37卷 340-341页

作者： Hargarten, SW Med Coll Wisconsin Firearm Injury Ctr Milwaukee WI 53226 USA

[Hargarten SW. Three shots, two dead, five errors, one gun: a recipe for prevention? Ann Emerg Med . March 2001;37:340-341.]

关键词：事故预防事故/统计学和数值数据设备安全性火器/统计学和数值数据健康教育危险因素美国创伤枪击/死亡率创伤枪击/预防和控制人类

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Injuries due to school sports accidents in 4 to 13-yr.-old children

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第1期90卷 319-325页

作者： Kingma, J Ten Duis, HJ Univ Groningen Hosp Dept Surg NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands

505 kindergarten and primary school children from 4 to 13 years of age were treated for school sports injuries during the period 1990-1997. The incidence of injuries increased statistically significantly from .5 per 1,000 children 4- to 5-yr.-old to 4.8 injured children per 1,000 in 12- to 13-yr.-old. 59% of the injuries involved upper extremities;35% of these were in the wrist region. 33.5% of the injuries were of the lower extremities, with 50% being of the feet and 36.4% of the ankle. Accidental falls were the main situation (53%) in which school sport accidents occurred. Nearly 65% of these accidental falls occurred at the ground level;the remaining accidents (35%) occurred when the child was working on an apparatus, e.g., parallel bars, balancing beam, side horse. The 4- to 5-yr.-old children were the most vulnerable to accidental fall (67%). A statistically significant increase in injuries in ball sports was observed from 4- to 5-yr.-olds (0%) to the 12- to 13-yr.-olds (28%).

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据运动损伤/流行病学发病率中小学生卫生保健服务青少年儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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