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Inactivation of MXR1 abolishes formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 1999年第9期65卷 3915-3919页

作者： Hansen, J Carlsberg Res Lab DK-2500 Copenhagen Denmark

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a sulfur compound of importance for the organoleptic properties of beer, especially some lager beers. Synthesis of DMS during beer production occurs partly during wort production and partly during fermentation. Methionine sulfoxide reductases are the enzymes responsible for reduction of oxidized cellular methionines, These enzymes have been suggested to be able to reduce dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as well, with DMS as the product. A gene for an enzymatic activity leading to methionine sulfoxide reduction in Saccharomyces yeast was recently identified. We confirmed that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae open reading frame YER042w appears to encode a methionine sulfoxide reductase, and propose the name MXR1 for the gene. We found that Mxr1p catalyzes reduction of DMSO to DMS and that an mxr1 disruption mutant cannot reduce DMSO to DMS, Mutant strains appear to have unchanged fitness under several laboratory conditions, and in this paper I hypothesize that disruption of MXR1 in brewing yeasts would neutralize the contribution of the yeast to the DMS content in beer.

关键词：二甲亚砜/代谢基因缺失基因真菌氧化还原氧化还原酶类/遗传学氧化还原酶类/代谢酵母菌酿酒/酶学酵母菌酿酒/遗传学酵母菌酿酒/生长和发育硫化物/代谢

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Protection against radiation-induced degradation of DNA bases by polyamines

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RADIATION RESEARCH 2000年第1期153卷 29-35页

作者： Douki, T Bretonniere, Y Cadet, J CEA Grenoble Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee Serv Chim Inorgan & Biol Lab Les Acides Nucl F-38054 Grenoble 9 France

Polyamines have been reported to protect DNA against the formation of radiation-induced strand breaks and crosslinks to proteins. The present study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of spermine, spermidine and putrescine against the degradation of DNA bases upon exposure to gamma rays in aerated aqueous solution. The yield of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and 5-hydroxycytosine was found to decrease for concentrations of spermine and spermidine greater than 0.1 mM, A protection factor of 10 was observed for a concentration of 1 mM of the latter two polyamines. Putrescine afforded a lower protection, In addition, the formation yield of a series of radiation-induced degradation products of the purine and pyrimidine bases was determined within DNA in the presence or absence of spermine. The protection factor was within the same range for all the lesions measured. The latter observation ruled out the possibility of degradation of DNA by radiation-induced polyamine peroxyl radicals. This was confirmed by studies involving radiolysis of DMSO and decomposition of 2,2'-azobis(2-methyl-propionamidine) as sources of alkylperoxyl radicals. Therefore, it is likely that the polyamine-mediated protection against the radiation-induced degradation of DNA bases is due to the compaction of the DNA structure and the reduction in the accessibility of DNA to (OH)-O-. rather than by scavenging (OH)-O-. in the bulk solution or in the vicinity of the DNA, (C) 2000 by Radiation Research Society.

关键词：脒类/药理学胞嘧啶/类似物和衍生物胞嘧啶/分析胞嘧啶/化学合成 DNA/化学 DNA/代谢 DNA/辐射效应 DNA损伤/药物作用脱氧腺苷类/代谢脱氧腺苷类/辐射效应脱氧胞苷/类似物和衍生物脱氧胞苷/分析脱氧胞苷/化学合成脱氧鸟苷/类似物和衍生物脱氧鸟苷/分析脱氧鸟苷/化学合成二甲亚砜/代谢二甲亚砜/辐射效应剂量效应关系药物 γ射线气相色谱-质谱法鸟嘌呤/类似物和衍生物鸟嘌呤/分析鸟嘌呤/化学合成羟自由基/药理学氧化还原/药物作用聚胺类/药理学嘌呤类/化学嘌呤类/辐射效应腐胺/药理学嘧啶类/化学嘧啶类/辐射效应辐射防护剂/药理学溶液精脒/药理学精胺/药理学

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TOXICITY OF DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE, ALONE AND IN COMBINATION

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 98-103页

作者： RUBIN, LF UNIV PENN SCH VET MED PHILADELPHIA PA 19174 USA

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DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE THERAPY IN VARIOUS DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 395-402页

作者： SEHTMAN, L ALVEAR HOSP BUENOS AIRES ARGENTINA

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FATE AND METABOLISM OF DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 228-236页

作者： SMALE, BC LASATER, NJ HUNTER, BT CROWN ZELLERBACH CENT RES CAMAS WA 98607 USA

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Role of protein-solvent interactions in refolding: Effects of cosolvent additives on the renaturation of porcine pancreatic elastase at various pHs

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ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 2000年第2期375卷 220-228页

作者： Jaspard, E Univ Paris Sud CNRS Lab Physicochim Prot URA 1131 Paris France

The effects of cosolvent additives on the refolding of porcine pancreatic elastase were studied by comparing the enzymatic activity and the conformation of the enzyme renatured at various pHs with those of the native elastase under the same cosolvent and pH conditions. A lag period was observed before reaching the steady state of the hydrolysis of an amide substrate, and the lag period measured with the refolding enzyme was longer than that measured with the native elastase. Depending on the cosolvent studied (acetonitrile, dimethylsulfoxide, glycerol, methanol) there was or was not a dramatic increase in the duration of the lag period measured with the refolding enzyme, but not in the case of the native elastase. These results and additional kinetic data on inactivation of the enzyme demonstrated that dimethylsulfoxide, glycerol, and methanol enhance the stability of the intermediates able to refold into the native form, contrary to acetonitrile. In neither the case of the native enzyme nor that of the renatured enzyme, did the cosolvents modify the pK(app) of ionization of the amino acids that control enzymatic activity, indicating that they did not penetrate the core of the refolded elastase. Conversely, they shifted toward a more alkaline pH the structural transition of the native elastase, and the amplitude of the shift was comparable to that observed in bulk water with elastase whose Ser 195 has been acylated, suggesting that cosolvents stabilized the structure of the folded molecule by increasing its packing. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词：乙腈类/代谢酰化作用酰胺类/代谢二甲亚砜/代谢酶稳定性甘油/代谢氢离子浓度水解作用动力学甲醇/代谢胰弹性蛋白酶/化学胰弹性蛋白酶/代谢蛋白质构象蛋白质折叠蛋白质复性丝氨酸/代谢溶剂/代谢猪动物

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PHARMACOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 7-19页

作者： WOOD, DC WOOD, J MEDLAB COMP SERV SALT LAKE CITY UT 84102 USA

DMSO has multiple known pharmacological properties. In addition to those referred to include: cryoprotective action, radioprotective effect, influence on serum cholesterol in experimental hypercholesteremia, and platelet aggregation antagonism. How the multiple properties of this chemical affect therapy in clinical medicine must yet be explained. It is clear, however, that DMSO does affect biological systems, and that this influence has many clinical applications. Perhaps one of the most interesting and significant properties of DMSO is its ability to move other drugsthrough membranes. When mixed with DMSO, many drugs appear to be potentiated in their physiologic effect; thus smaller doses are required and less toxicity is demonstrated. In cancer chemotherapy, this value already has practical use. Some of the studies to be reported in this monograph will describe additional, almost unbelievable observations. Perhaps the mechanism of action of these clinical phenomena will be found in one or more of the pharmacological properties described. It would not be surprising, however, if we were to conclude with a resolution to search for new explantations of the mystery of DMSO, for it would appear that DMSO is really a new principle in medicine and cannot always be measured by existing standards.

关键词：消炎药/治疗应用细菌/药物作用胆碱酯酶抑制剂/药理学胶原/代谢二甲亚砜/代谢二甲亚砜/药理学二甲亚砜/治疗应用利尿/药物作用药物相互作用抗药性炎症/药物疗法膜/代谢肌松弛药中枢性/药理学神经元/药物作用皮肤吸收/药物作用血管舒张药/药理学动物猫人类小鼠大鼠

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METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE IN COWS AND CALVES AFTER TOPICAL AND PARENTERAL APPLICATION

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 139-150页

作者： TIEWS, J SCHARRER, E HARRE, N FLOGEL, L JOCHLE, W UNIV MUNICH DEPT ANIM PHYSIOL & ANIM NUTR MUNICH GERMANY SYNTEX RES INT VET SECT PALO ALTO CA 94304 USA

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INDUCTION OF ERYTHROID DIFFERENTIATION BY DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE IN CELLS INFECTED WITH FRIEND VIRUS - RELATIONSHIP TO CELL-CYCLE

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1975年第1期72卷 28-32页

作者： LEVY, J TERADA, M RIFKIND, RA MARKS, PA COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURGDEPT HUMAN GENET & DEVNEW YORKNY 10032 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURGCANC RES CTRNEW YORKNY 10032 COLUMBIA UNIV COLL PHYS & SURGDEPT MEDNEW YORKNY 10032

Cells infected with Friend virus can be induced to erythroid differentiation by culture with 2% dimethylsulfoxide. This study was designed to determine if dimethylsulfoxide causes the expression of erythroid differentiation by an effect on a particular phase of the cell division cycle. The infected cells were synchronized by exposure to 2 mM thymidine. It is shown that dimethylsulfoxide must be present during DNA synthesis (S-phase) and, possibly, shortly thereafter, to induce differentiation assayed by measuring hemoglobin synthesis. In order to achieve an effective intracellular incorporation of dimethylsulfoxide, cells must be exposed to the agent for at least 24-30 hr before the critical S phase. It is suggested that induction of erythroid differentiation in cells infected with Friend virus involves an effect of dimethylsulfoxide, or a metabolic product, that alters the program of transcription, during or immediately after DNA synthesis.

关键词：细胞分化/药物作用细胞分裂/药物作用细胞转化肿瘤细胞培养的 DNA/生物合成二甲亚砜/代谢二甲亚砜/药理学红细胞生成弗林德鼠白血病病毒血红蛋白类/生物合成胸苷/代谢

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ACCUMULATION AND PERSISTENCE OF SULFUR IN PEACH FOLIAGE AND FRUIT SPRAYED WITH RADIOLABELED DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1975年第JAN27期243卷 237-237页

作者： KEIL, HL USDA ARS NE REG BELTSVILLE MD 20705 USA

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