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Congestive heart failure hospitalizations and survival in California: Patterns according to race ethnicity

AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 1999年第5期137卷 919-927页

作者： Alexander, M Grumbach, K Remy, L Rowell, R Massie, BM Univ Calif San Francisco Med Effectiveness Res Ctr Diverse Populat Dept Family & Community Med Inst Hlth Policy Studies San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Med Div Gen Internal Med San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Cardiovasc Res Inst San Francisco CA 94143 USA Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program Div Res Oakland CA 94611 USA

Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) disproportionately affects African Americans, but data are limited concerning CHF hospitalization patterns among Hispanic and Asian populations, the 2 fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States, and race/ethnic patterns of rehospitalization and survival among patients with CHF are unknown. We conducted a study to assess rates of CHF hospitalization, readmission, and survival among diverse populations in California. Methods and Results we used 2 study designs. First, we calculated the population-based incidence of CHF hospitalization in California in 1991. Next we conducted a retrospective cohort study that identified patients initially hospitalized for CHF in 1991 or 1992 and followed these patients For 12 months after their index hospitalization to determine their likelihood of rehospitalization or death. Data were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. African Americans had the highest rate of CHF hospitalization. Age-adjusted hospitalization rates were comparable among whites, Latinos, and Asian women and all lower than those in African American, whereas Asian men had the lowest rates. On adjusted analyses, African Americans were more likely than whites and Asians to be rehospitalized (relative risk 1.07;95% confidence interval 1.04 to 1.10). However, they were less likely to die within the 12-month follow-up period (relative risk 0.86;95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.90). Whites, conversely, had the highest posthospitalization mortality rates. Conclusions These findings demonstrate important racial-ethnic differences in CHF morbidity and mortality rates. The disparate findings of higher hospitalization and rehospitalization rates and lower mortality rates among African Americans than whites may represent differences in the underlying pathophysiology of CHF in these groups or differences in access to quality care. Further studies are needed to explain these seemingly paradoxical outcomes.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学随访研究西班牙裔美国人/统计学和数值数据住院/统计学和数值数据发病率比例危险度模型回顾性研究存活率老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Acoustic rhinometry of the oriental nose

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY 1999年第5期13卷 407-410页

作者： Burres, SA Univ Calif Los Angeles Div Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg Los Angeles CA USA

Most studies have established normal values for acoustic rhinometric (AR) analysis of the nasal passage based on a primarily caucasian or mixed population. Because consistent anatomic differences do occur in anthropomorphic measurements of the nose of different races, AR analysis was performed on. an Asian population to determine whether differences occurred in. the minimum cross-sectional area (MCA). AR with expanded testing was performed on a non-Asian control group and an Asian study population containing 28 subjects, with 56 half-cavities (F:20;M:8;age range 21-58), including 16 Vietnamese, 8 Korean, 4 Thai, all of whom and physically typical mesorrhine noses. In the Asian population, the mean MCA of each half-cavity was 0.56 +/- 0.16 cm(2), and 39.3% of subjects had significant asymmetry between their two half-cavities. The mean MCA increased to 0.67 +/- 0.12 cm(2) after the placement of a Breathe Right Strip Dilator (BRSD) over the nasal bridge, which was a significant increase in 32% of subjects, and to 0.68 +/- 0.14 cm(2) after the application of 1% Neosinephrine, a significant increase in 34% of those tested compared to the resting state. The combination of BRSD and Neosinephrine produced an MCA of 0.72 +/- 0.11 cm(2), which was a statistically significant increase in 24 half-cavities (43%). Compared to our non-Asian population, the Asian group had fewer subjects with significant asymmetry (39% versus 59%) before expanded testing and fewer responders to BRSD (48% versus 79%).

关键词：声学/仪器和设备亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据扩张术/仪器和设备朝鲜/人种学鼻腔/解剖学和组织学鼻充血减轻剂/诊断应用耳鼻咽喉科学/仪器和设备耳鼻咽喉科学/方法耳鼻咽喉科学/统计学和数值数据苯福林/诊断应用参考值泰国/人种学越南/人种学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Risk of pulmonary embolism and/or deep venous thrombosis in Asian/Americans

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 2000年第11期85卷 1334-1337页

作者： Klatsky, AL Armstrong, MA Poggi, J Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program Div Res Oakland CA 94611 USA Kaiser Permanente Med Care Program Dept Med Div Cardiol Oakland CA USA

Several reports from Asian countries suggest a low prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT] in Asians, and sparse US data show that a slightly higher prevalence of PE/DVT in "nonwhites" than in whites is evident in all geographic regions except the Pacific region (California, Oregon, and Washington) where "nonwhites" include a larger proportion of Asians and Hispanics than in other US locations. We prospectively studied PE/DVT hospitalizations in 128,934 persons in relation to traits determined at health examinations in 1978 to 1985. Through 1994, 337 persons were subsequently hospitalized for PE and/or DVT (far PE first, n = 206), Cox proportionol-hazards models with 9 covariates were used. In multivariate models, the following RRs (95% confidence intervals) were found for PE/DVT combined: black! white = 1.1 (0.4 to 1.4);Hispanic/white = 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5);and Asian/white = 0.2 (0.1 to 0.5;p = 0.002), The lower risk of Asians was present in each sex and for persons first hospitalized For either PE or DVT, Covariates with significant positive relations to risk were age, male sex, body mass index, and a composite coronary disease risk/symptom variable;covariates not significantly related were education, marital status, smoking, and alcohol, These data suggest that Asians have very low risk of PE/DVT, which may account for US geographic variations in white/non-white risk differences. Possible explanations include the absence of hazardous mutations or unspecified PE/DVT protective traits in Asians. (C) 2000 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.

关键词：亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学文化交叉比较横断面研究发病率病人入院/统计学和数值数据比例危险度模型前瞻性研究肺栓塞/人种学血栓性静脉炎/人种学成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Prevalence of coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary revascularization in older African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, whites, men, and women

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第8期84卷 932-+页

作者： Ness, J Aronow, WS Mt Sinai Sch Med Dept Geriatr & Adult Dev New York NY USA

The prevalence of coronary artery disease and of peripheral arterial disease was similar in older African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and whites, and the prevalence of ischemic stroke was lower in older whites than in older African-Americans and Hispanics. The prevalence of coronary revascularization in older persons with coronary artery disease was lower in African-Americans than in whites and Hispanics and was lower in women than in men.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据方差分析亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据卡方分布冠心病/人种学欧洲大陆世系人群/统计学和数值数据西班牙裔美国人/统计学和数值数据心肌血管重建术外周血管疾病/人种学患病率回顾性研究美国/流行病学老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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You can go home again: Evidence from longitudinal data

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DEMOGRAPHY 2000年第3期37卷 339-350页

作者： Reagan, PB Olsen, RJ Ohio State Univ Dept Econ Columbus OH 43221 USA Ohio State Univ Ctr Human Resource Res Columbus OH 43221 USA

In this paper we analyze the economic and demographic factors that influence return migration, focusing on generation 1.5 immigrants. Using longitudinal data from the 1979 youth cohort of the National Longitudinal Surveys (NLSY79), we track residential histories of young immigrants to the United States and analyze the covariates associated with return migration to their home country. Overall, return migration appears to respond to economic incentives, as well as to cultural and linguistic ties to the United States and the home country. We find no role for welfare magnets in the decision to return, but we learn that welfare participation leads to lower probability of return migration. Finally we see no evidence of a skill bias in return migration, where skill is measured by performance on the Armed Forces Qualifying Test.

关键词：年龄因素亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据队列研究数据收集决策教育程度移民(移出和移入)/统计学和数值数据移民(移出和移入)/发展趋势西班牙裔美国人/统计学和数值数据纵向研究概率政府补助/统计学和数值数据回归分析居住流动性/统计学和数值数据居住流动性/发展趋势美国人类

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Exploring a model to improve diversity among trainees in psychiatry

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HARVARD REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY 2000年第2期8卷 91-93页

作者： Naidoo, U Sams, C Donlon, E Brigham & Womens Hosp Dept Psychiat 75 Francis St Boston MA 02115 USA

Examines a model to improve diversity among trainees in psychiatry in the U.S. Formation of the Harvard Longwood Psychiatry Residency Training Program (HLPRTP) in 1994; Efforts of the HLPRTP to improve minority recruitment efforts; Matching of one Afro-American resident who had done the Visiting Clerkship and one Asian who had met with several Diversity Committee members during the application process.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据波士顿教育医学研究生/组织和管理教育医学研究生/发展趋势欧洲大陆世系人群/统计学和数值数据西班牙裔美国人/统计学和数值数据医院教学/组织和管理实习医师和住院医师职务/统计学和数值数据少数民族/教育模型组织管理精神病学/教育精神病学/组织和管理精神病学/发展趋势人类

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The physical, mental, and social health status of older chinese: A cross-national study

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Journal of Aging and Social Policy 1995年第3期6.0卷 73-88页

作者： Berkanovic, Emil Lubben, James E. Kitano, Harry H. L. Chi, Iris Department of Community Health Sciences School of Public Health University of California Los Angeles United States School of Social Welfare United States School of Social Welfare University of California United States Department of Social Work Social Administration University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

This article reports data on 16 indicators of the physical, mental, and social health status of older Chinese living in Beijing, Guangzhou, and Los Angeles. Both the frequency distributions of these indicators and their factor structures are different among the three cities. These differences may have implications for the planning of public health services. Either they are the result of differences in the way in which people in each of these cities think about illness or they are the result of differential experiences with disease. Although these data cannot resolve this issue, both the frequency distributions and the severity ratings for nine chronic diseases also differed markedly among the three cities. © 1994 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：日常生活活动/分类亚裔美国人/统计学和数值数据中国/人种学文化交叉比较老年人身心健康评价/统计学和数值数据洛杉矶市区人口/统计学和数值数据老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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