The lateral distribution of external birth defects has not been reported in a comprehensive way, and patterns in this distribution have not been examined. This study presents the lateral distribution of 6,390 unilater...
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The lateral distribution of external birth defects has not been reported in a comprehensive way, and patterns in this distribution have not been examined. This study presents the lateral distribution of 6,390 unilateral defects from among 102 defect categories in data collected by the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program. Among all defects, 49% (95% CI 48-51%) were right-sided. Among mates and females, 51% (95% Ct 50-53%) and 47% (95% CI 46-49%) of the defects, respectively, were right-sided. Of the 102 defect types, 57 had an excess of defects on the right side of the body;39 had an excess of defects on the left side;and 6 were equally distributed. The excess on the right side was statistically significant for inguinal hernia, incarcerated inguinal hernia, microtia, preauricular sinus, talipes calcaneovalgus, and lambdoidal craniosynostosis. For the left side, the excess was statistically significant for preauricular tags, cleft lip, fused lip and cleft gum, cleft tip with cleft palate, congenital hip dysplasia, unstable hip, absent forearm or hand, anomaly of the knee, and skin tags. The percentage of right-sided defects among case subjects with unilateral defects was correlated with the percentage of mates among all case subjects (r = 0.24, P < 0.05). Among male case subjects with unilateral defects, the correlation coefficient was 0.31 (P < 0.01), and among females with unilateral defects, it was 0.11 (P > 0.10). Differences in the lateral distribution of specific birth defects may be due to subtle differences in morphogenesis on the left and right sides of the embryo brought about by establishment of left-right asymmetry prior to organogenesis. The fact that more defect categories were right-sided than left-sided may be related to the observation that mitochondrial maturation in rat embryos is delayed on the right side. The right side, therefore, may be more susceptible than the left to defects caused by prenatal hypoxia. The significant correlation
Study objective: We determine the proportion of unintended shootings that might be prevented by promoting safe storage, safe handling, and/or safer firearm designs. Methods: A regional firearm injury surveillance syst...
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Study objective: We determine the proportion of unintended shootings that might be prevented by promoting safe storage, safe handling, and/or safer firearm designs. Methods: A regional firearm injury surveillance system was used to identify fatal and nonfatal unintentional shootings in a 5-county metropolitan area. Case reports ere reviewed, and the causes of each shooting were independently classified by 4 members of the research team. A consensus conference was held to resolve disagreements. Results: Between May 1, 1996, and June 30, 2000, 216 cases of unintentional firearm injury were identified, 3.8% of the shootings documented during the study period. Six (2.8%) ere fatal. The majority of victims were between 15 and 34 years of age. One fourth (54) of the shootings involved victims younger than 18 years. Handguns were involved in 87% of the incidents. Enough information was available to characterize the incident in 122 (57%) cases. All but 6 fell into 1 or more of 3 broad categories of causation;child access (14%), mishandling (74%), and/or deficiencies in firearm design (32%). Conclusion: Many unintentional shootings could be prevented by promoting safe storage of guns in the home, promoting safe handling of firearms, and requiring that all new handguns incorporate basic safety features.
In the United States, firearms are used to commit homicide more frequently than all other methods combined. According to the US Department of Justice, firearms are used to commit more than 1 million crimes each year. ...
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In the United States, firearms are used to commit homicide more frequently than all other methods combined. According to the US Department of Justice, firearms are used to commit more than 1 million crimes each year. Despite the magnitude of this problem, little is known about the epidemiology of firearm crimes and assaults. Many states require medical personnel to report all nonfatal shootings to law enforcement, but the rate of compliance with this requirement is unknown. To enhance cooperation between community emergency departments and law enforcement agencies, we created a unified firearm injury notification system for the City of Atlanta, Georgia, and 5 surrounding counties: Fulton, DeKalb, Cobb, Gwinnett, and Clayton. Our findings are reported here.
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