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Assessment of growth parameters and life span of GHR/BP gene-disrupted mice

ENDOCRINOLOGY 2000年第7期141卷 2608-2613页

作者： Coschigano, KT Clemmons, D Bellush, LL Kopchick, JJ Ohio Univ Edison Biotechnol Inst Konneker Res Labs 101 Athens OH 45701 USA Univ N Carolina Dept Med Div Endocrinol & Metab Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Ohio Univ Mol & Cellular Biol Program Athens OH 45701 USA Ohio Univ Coll Osteopath Med Dept Biomed Sci Athens OH 45701 USA

GH has many biological roles, including promotion of growth. Most, if not all, of its roles are achieved through interaction with its receptor. We chose to study the effects of loss of GH signaling on growth and aging in a mouse model for Laron Syndrome (LS) in which the GHR/BP gene has been disrupted. We observed that mice homozygous for the disruption (-/-) were significantly smaller than normal wildtype (+/+) mice as well as mice heterozygous for the disruption, even at 1.5 yr of age. IGF-I levels were also significantly lower in the -/- mice and remained low as the mice aged. IGFBP-3 levels were severely reduced in the -/- mice, whereas IGFBP-1, -2, and -4 levels remained unchanged. Finally, the -/- mice lived significantly longer than +/+ and +/- mice. The latter result contradicts the anti-aging GN data and suggests the need for further analysis of GH and aging.

关键词：衰老/生理学载体蛋白质类/遗传学基因缺失杂合子纯合子胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白质3/代谢胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ/代谢长寿/遗传学小鼠/遗传学小鼠/生长和发育小鼠近交BALBC 受体促生长素/遗传学体重增长/生理学动物女(雌)性男(雄)性

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Nutritional requirements to increase lean mass

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CLINICS IN SPORTS MEDICINE 1999年第3期18卷 623-+页

作者： Grandjean, A Univ Nebraska Med Ctr Sports Med Program Omaha NE USA Univ Nebraska Med Ctr Int Ctr Sports Nutr Omaha NE USA

Successful weight gain relies on an appropriate resistance training program accompanied by a sound nutrition program. Achieving adequate energy intake is the hallmark of the nutrition program. Overvaluing protein or being phobic about dietary fat can sabotage the athlete's success. Although understanding the physiology of increasing lean mass is important, physicians also should appreciate the "art" of weight gain.

关键词：身体成分/生理学运动(Exercise)/生理学肌肉发育营养生理学现象营养需要体育运动/生理学体重增长/生理学举重/生理学人类

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The long-lasting impact of postnatal neuropeptide Y

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2003年第6期284卷 R1382-R1383页

作者： Wagner, KD Scholz, H Humboldt Univ Johannes Muller Inst Physiol Fac Med Charite D-10117 Berlin Germany

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Changes in leptin levels during lactation: Implications for lactational hyperphagia and anovulation

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HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR 2000年第4期37卷 353-365页

作者： Woodside, B Abizaid, A Walker, CD Concordia Univ Ctr Studies Behav Neurobiol Dept Psychol Montreal PQ H3G 1M8 Canada McGill Univ Douglas Hosp Res Ctr Dept Psychiat Montreal PQ Canada

In these studies we investigated the time course of changes in circulating leptin levels in lactating rats and the dependence of these changes on the energetic cost of lactation and evaluated the contribution of changes in leptin levels to lactational hyperphagia and infertility. In the first experiment, plasma leptin levels were measured on Days 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 postpartum in freefeeding lactating rats and age-matched virgin females. Retroperitoneal and parametrial fat pads weights were obtained from the same females. In the second experiment the same measures, together with plasma insulin and prolactin levels, were taken on Days 15 and 20 postpartum from galactophore-cut and sham-operated females. In Experiments 3 and 4, the effects of exogenous leptin administration, either subcutaneously (sc) or intracerebroventricularly (icv), on lactational anovulation, maternal food intake, and dam and litter weights were examined. Circulating leptin levels decreased in lactating rats. Leptin levels were highly positively correlated with fat pad weight. Eliminating the energetic costs of lactation by preventing milk delivery induced dramatic increases in plasma leptin and insulin levels and also increased adiposity. Exogenous leptin administration did not affect length of lactational anovulation but reduced food intake, maternal body weight, and litter weight gain when given centrally and maternal body weight when given systemically. Together, these data show that the energetic costs of lactation are associated with a fall in circulating leptin levels but that these do not make a major contribution to the suppression of reproduction in lactating rats;however, they may be permissive to the hyperphagia of lactation. (C) 2000 Academic Press.

关键词：无排卵/血液动情间期/血液动情间期/生理学药物植入物进食/生理学能量代谢/生理学摄食过度/血液注射脑室内注射皮下泌乳/血液泌乳/生理学瘦素/血液瘦素/药理学大鼠 Wistar 阴道/细胞学体重增长/生理学动物女(雌)性大鼠

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ENERGY PROTEIN RATIO IN NATURAL-INGREDIENT DIETS FOR WEANLING RATS .2. ENERGY AND PROTEIN RETENTION AND EFFICIENCY OF RETENTION

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LABORATORY ANIMALS 1984年第1期18卷 75-80页

作者： LOPEZ, A GARCIA, C UniversidaddeChile InstitutodeNutricionyTecnologiadelosAlimentos[INTA]Casilla.

A 3 .times. 3 factorial experiment was carried out, in which natural ingredient diets formulated at 3 digestible energy levels (DE) (100, 90 and 80% of NRC [National Research Council] 1978 recommendations) and at 3 energy:protein ratios (EPR) (63, 71 and 79 kJ DE/g crude protein (CP)) were fed to 8 weanling male Wistar rats/group. Half of the animals were sacrificed at the end of the 6-wk experimental period and their body composition analyzed by difference from a similar group of 8 rats killed and analyzed at the beginning of the experiment. No interaction was found between the 2 factors studied. Main results showed a decrease in intake and retention of both energy and protein, without affecting the efficiency of retention when energy level of diets was reduced by 20%. An increase in the EPR of the diets led to a decrease in protein intake and to an increase in efficiency of protein retention, without affecting the amount retained. No changes in body composition or in composition of live weight gains were found as a result of treatments. A 10% reduction in DE level of diet apparently is of no consequence. An EPR of 79 kJ/g leads to more efficient use of the dietary protein without detrimental effects over any other nutrition indicator.

关键词：动物营养生理学身体成分膳食/标准膳食/兽医学膳食蛋白质类/投药和剂量膳食蛋白质类/代谢能量摄取/生理学大鼠 Wistar/生理学断奶体重增长/生理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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Changes in regional fat redistribution and the effects of estrogen during spontaneous weight gain in women with anorexia nervosa

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION 2001年第5期73卷 865-869页

作者： Grinspoon, S Thomas, L Miller, K Pitts, S Herzog, D Klibanski, A Massachusetts Gen Hosp Neuroendocrine Unit Bulfinch 457B Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Eating Disorders Unit Boston MA 02114 USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA 02115 USA

Background: Anorexia nervosa is a disease of severe acquired undernutrition with a high and increasing prevalence among young women in the United States, Objective: The objective was to investigate the effects of spontaneous outpatient weight recovery and estrogen administration on fat distribution in patients with anorexia nervosa. Design: Twenty-seven amenorrheic women aged 26.6 +/- 1.2 y with anorexia nervosa were identified through an outpatient study of bone loss and were randomly assigned to receive or not receive estrogen without any dietary intervention other than calcium and multivitamin supplements. Body composition was measured at baseline and at 6 and 9 mo and was compared with cross-sectional values obtained in 20 healthy, eumenorrheic, age-matched (25.4 +/- 0.5 y) control subjects. Results: Twenty of the 27 patients with anorexia aged 27.0 +/- 1.3 y spontaneously gained weight (4.1 +/- 0.9 kg);body mass index (in kg/m(2)) increased from 16.1 +/- 0.3 to 17.5 +/- 0.4, Fat mass and lean mass accounted for 68% and 32% of the gain in total body mass, respectively With spontaneous weight gain, there was a significant increase in the percentage of trunk far from 32.4 +/- 1.3% at baseline to 36.5 +/- 1.0% at 9 mo (P = 0.03), which correlated with urinary free cortisol (r = 0.66, P = 0.003), Estrogen treatment was not protective against the gain in trunk fat with spontaneous weight gain. Conclusions: ln women with anorexia nervosa, spontaneous weight gain is associated with a significant increase in trunk adiposity, and estrogen administration may not protect against the accumulation of central far with weight gain.

关键词：脂肪组织/解剖学和组织学脂肪组织/药物作用脂肪组织/病理生理学神经性厌食/药物疗法神经性厌食/病理生理学身体成分/药物作用身体成分/生理学人体质量指数钙/治疗应用避孕药口服复合/治疗应用营养保健品炔雌醇/治疗应用随访研究氢化可的松/血液炔诺酮/治疗应用时间因素维生素类/治疗应用体重增长/药物作用体重增长/生理学成年人女(雌)性人类

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The effects of extreme nutritional conditions on the neurochemistry of reward and addiction

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ACTA ASTRONAUTICA 2001年第3-10期49卷 391-397页

作者： Pothos, EN Tufts Univ Sch Med Dept Pharmacol Boston MA 02111 USA

Weight loss is a frequent problem in space flights. We now claim that it may affect performance and drug-seeking behavior by altering midbrain neurochemistry. In food-deprived rats (20-30% underweight) basal extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens decrease to 40-50% of normal and locomotion is depressed. However, amphetamine-induced dopamine release and locomotion are higher than in controls (1825% vs. 595% after a 25 muM d-amphetamine intraaccumbens infusion). The lower basal and the higher stimulated dopamine levels suggest that the neurotransmitter accumulates presynaptically in the accumbens of the underweight rats due to subnormal basal release. Psychostimulants are more rewarding for underweight subjects possibly because they release significantly more dopamine from elevated presynaptic stores into the accumbens. Consequently, weight loss can lead both to depression of performance and propensity to substance abuse. These effects should be considered when providing nutritional resources for space flights so that weight loss is limited. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Ail rights reserved.

关键词：航天医学右苯丙胺/药理学多巴胺/代谢多巴胺摄取抑制剂/药理学细胞外隙/代谢食品剥夺/生理学微电极伏核/药物作用伏核/代谢宇宙飞行物质相关性障碍/病因学物质相关性障碍/预防和控制体重增长/生理学体重减轻/生理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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Hysterectomy is associated with postmenopausal body composition characteristics

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JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE 2000年第1期32卷 37-46页

作者： Kirchengast, S Gruber, D Sator, M Huber, J Univ Vienna Inst Human Biol Vienna Austria Univ Vienna Dept Endocrinol Clin Gynecol & Obstet Vienna Austria

The impact of hysterectomy without oophorectomy and with no malignant purpose on body composition and postmenopausal weight gain was tested in 184 Viennese females aged between 47 and 57 years (mean 52.9). Hysterectomized women were significantly heavier than those who experienced a spontaneous menopause (controls). The amount of fat tissue, especially in the abdominal region, was significantly higher in hysterectomized women. Furthermore, they were reported to have experienced a significantly higher weight gain since menopause (9.1 versus 6.0 kg). No significant differences in bone mass were found. Psychological stress factors and hormonal changes following hysterectomy are discussed as possible causes of these differences.

关键词：脂肪组织/生理学方差分析奥地利身体成分/生理学身高卡方分布更年期/生理学子宫切除术回归分析体重增长/生理学女(雌)性人类中年人

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THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC ON THE SELECTED STRESS BEHAVIORS, WEIGHT, CALORIC AND FORMULA INTAKE, AND LENGTH OF HOSPITAL STAY OF PREMATURE AND LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT NEONATES IN A NEWBORN INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT

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JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 1991年第4期28卷 180-192页

作者： CAINE, J FLORIDA STATE UNIV TALLAHASSEE FL 32306 USA

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music on selected stress behaviors, weight, caloric and formula intake, and length of hospital stay. Subjects were 52 preterm and low birth weight newborns in a newborn intensive care unit (NBICU) who were in stable condition and restricted to isolettes. Subjects in the experimental and control groups were matched for equivalency based on sex, birth weight, and diagnostic criticality. Eleven males and 15 females were assigned to the control group and received routine auditory stimulation. The experimental group of 11 males and 15 females received music stimulation, which consisted of approximately 60 minutes of tape recorded vocal music, including lullabies and children's music, and routine auditory stimulation. Thirty-minute segments of the recording were played alternatively with 30 minutes of routine auditory stimulation three times daily. Exposure to music stimulation occurred only during the infants' stay in the NBICU. Results suggest music stimulation may have significantly reduced initial weight loss, increased daily average weight, increased formula and caloric intake, significantly reduced length of the NBICU and total hospital stays, and significantly reduced the daily group mean of stress behaviors for the experimental group. Data analyses suggest the length of hospital stay may be correlated with the amount of stress experienced by the neonate and not with weight gains. Theoretical and practical aspects of these results are discussed.

关键词：数据收集能量摄取/生理学评价研究佛罗里达医院病床数 500张以上婴儿出生时低体重/生理学婴儿出生时低体重/心理学重症监护病房新生儿/统计学和数值数据重症监护病房新生儿/利用住院时间/统计学和数值数据音乐疗法/统计学和数值数据应激/预防和控制体重增长/生理学体重减轻/生理学女(雌)性人类婴儿新生男(雄)性

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