本文基于修辞构式的基本理念来探讨构式“一量形”的修辞动因与生成机制。文章首先分析了修辞构式“一量形”中的“一 + 量”出于说话人特定的修辞意图,从表客观分析计量转化为表主观性计量。而且“一 + 量”重在对构件“形”进行空间性描写,使语言表达形象化、具体化。接着,概括了修辞构式“一量形”的不同生成机制。文章最后解析了修辞构式“一量形”在语法构式“数 + 量 + 形”的基础上借助语言的修辞动因生成的过程。Based on the basis concepts of Interactive Constructive Grammar, this article discusses the generative basis and mechanism of the rhetoric construction “yi (one) + C1 + Adj” in Chinese. The article first analyzes the rhetorical construction “yi (one) + C1 + Adj” and how “yi (one) + C1” arises from the speaker’s specific rhetorical intention, shifting from objective measurement to subjective quantification. It highlights that “one + Classifier” emphasizes spatial description of the component “shape”, making language expression more vivid and concrete. Then, the article summarizes the different generation mechanisms of the rhetorical construction “yi (one) + C1 + Adj”. Finally, it explains the process by which the rhetorical construction “yi (one) + C1 + Adj” is generated based on the grammatical construction “yi (one) + C1 + Adj”, utilizing the rhetorical motivations of language.
本研究通过对大量汉英词句的对比和考量,从认知语义和修辞构式的角度解析汉英翻译中的对应现象。通过对汉英词句的比较研究,析出汉英词句翻译中不仅存在着一一对应性,而且还存在着非对应性,本研究称之为转移对应。转移对应指在汉英翻译中汉语中的内容不能与英语中的内容等同,也就是C[hinese]≠E[nglish],即C≠E,源语(SL)汉语中的语义转译至目的语(TL)英语时,其认知语义不能一一对应,如"打开窗户说亮话"就不能与"Open the window and speak clearly"的语义直接对应一样,只能用转移对应之法,与"Let’s speak frankly"进行转义(transferred meaning or figurative meaning)后的转移对应。其认知修辞构式为C=C1+C2+C3+...Cn→∽E=E1+E2+E3+...En。本研究的目的在于:1)使语言教师在口、笔译以及汉语作为第二语言教学中对汉英翻译中的转移对应性引起关注;2)使口、笔译学生,尤其是把汉语作为第二语言学习的学生对汉英翻译中的转移对应性引起高度重视。本研究的结论:1)汉英翻译中的词句并非都像机器翻译中的一一对应一样,其存在着转移对应性;2)汉英词句翻译在认知语义和上存在着转移对应;3)汉英转移对应词句多用于诗化语言,尤其是成语之中。
构式是具体语言系统中的规约化的形式–意义的配对,具有不可推导性。研究发现,网络流行语“什么X事物”并不是像平常的表达那样直接描述所提到的人或事物,而是通过了一层或多层的类比和隐喻,映射到另外一个词汇上来描述。本文将网络流行语“什么X事物”作为研究对象,以Gddlberg的构式语法理论、施宏春互动构式语法理论为指导,分析修辞构式“什么X事物”网络层级体系及互动机制,认为该构式生成、运转及发展是多界面互动机制合力作用的结果。Structure is the pairing of form-meaning in concrete language system, which is inducible. We find that the network buzzword “什么X事物” does not directly describe the people or things mentioned as the usual expression, but through a layer or multi-layer of analogy and metaphor, mapped to another word. This paper takes the network buzzword “什么X事物” as the research object, under the guidance of Gddlberg’s construction grammar theory and Shi Hongchun interactive structure grammar theory, this paper analyzes the network hierarchy system and interaction mechanism of the rhetorical construction “什么X事物”, and thinks that the formation, operation and development of the structure are the result of the resultant effect of multi-interface interaction mechanism.
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