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Healthy lifestyles: A pilot program to influence behavior change

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DIABETES EDUCATOR 2000年第2期26卷 230-+页

作者： Jacobs, M Mt Sinai Diabet Ctr New York NY USA

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The Nepal National Vitamin A Program: prototype to emulate or donor enclave?

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 2000年第2期15卷 145-156页

作者： Fiedler, JL Social Sectors Dev Strategies Sturgeon Bay WI 54235 USA

More than 250 million of the world's children suffer from vitamin A deficiency. Nepal is one of 60 countries in which this deficiency constitutes a significant public health problem. Each year in Nepal, vitamin A deficiency is responsible for the deaths of 9000 children and for 2500 children becoming permanently blind. The Nepal National Vitamin A Program (NVAP) was begun in 1993 in eight of the country's 75 districts. By the end of 1997, the programme covered 32 districts, and by 2003 its coverage will be nationwide. The Nepal NVAP is considered by many to be a highly successful, model programme. It consists primarily of distributing high-dose vitamin A capsules to all children 6 to 60 months of age during twice-yearly campaigns. The capsule distribution is carried out by a previously existing network of Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs) that has been reinvigorated by the highly visible and universally acclaimed success of the NVAP. An important strategy of the programme has been the empowerment of the FCHVs, which has been accomplished by organizing, training and motivating community workers and other representatives from education, agriculture and other sectors, as well as political representatives, to support the FCHVs. The annual cost of the NVAP is US$1.7 million. It costs $1.25 to deliver two vitamin A capsules to each participant. The cost per averted death is $327. The NVAP reduces the incidence and severity of diarrhoeal disease and measles, which in turn reduces the need for Ministry of Health services, thereby annually saving the Government of Nepal $1.5 million. Factoring in these cost savings, the net annual cost of the current NVAP is $167 000, and the net annual cost of the permanent, nationwide programme is estimated at $1.1 million. The NVAP is a highly cost-effective programme. The article concludes with a discussion of the sustainability and replicability of the programme.

关键词：盲/预防和控制卫生保健费用/统计学和数值数据健康促进/经济学健康促进/组织和管理国家卫生规划/组织和管理尼泊尔/流行病学公共卫生维生素A/投药和剂量维生素A缺乏/流行病学维生素A缺乏/预防和控制儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿

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Patient education initiatives at the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College

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JOURNAL OF MANIPULATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL THERAPEUTICS 2000年第1期23卷 56-59页

作者： Piccininni, JJ Johnston, CC Robinson, SJ Canadian Mem Chiropract Coll Div Rehabil Toronto ON M4G 3E6 Canada

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Culturally competent diabetes education for Mexican Americans: The Starr County study

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DIABETES EDUCATOR 1999年第2期25卷 226-236页

作者： Brown, SA Hanis, CL Univ Texas Sch Nursing Austin TX 78701 USA

PURPOSE Few culturally competent health programs have: been designed for Mexican Americans, a group that bears a. disproportionate burden of Type 2 diabetes. ln Starr County, a Texas-Mexico border community, investigators designed and tested a culturally competent intervention aimed at improving the health of this target population. The purpose of this article is to describe the development process of this diabetes education and support group intervention, METHODS The development stages were (1) community assessment, (2) intervention design, (3) selection or development of outcomes, (4) pilot-testing, and (5) a randomized clinical investigation. RESULTS Focus group participants identified knowledge deficits regarding diabetes and self-management strategies, and suggested characteristics of an effective intervention for Mexican Americans. Outcome measures included metabolic control indicators, a newly developed knowledge instrument, and an existing health belief instrument. Preliminary analyses indicated that the intervention was successful in significantly improving metabolic control in the target population. CONCLUSIONS Developing successful diabetes interventions for minority groups requires a number of stages, careful planning, assessment of cultural characteristics of the target population and a systematic approach to implementation.

关键词：临床工作能力糖尿病 2型/人种学糖尿病 2型/预防和控制健康知识态度实践健康促进/组织和管理墨西哥裔美国人/教育墨西哥裔美国人/心理学需求估价病人教育(主题)/组织和管理规划制订方案评价自助小组/组织和管理得克萨斯女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Child health promotion in developing countries: the case for integration of environmental and social interventions?

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 1999年第1期14卷 1-10页

作者： Ehiri, JE Prowse, JM De Montfort Univ Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England De Montfort Univ Fac Hlth & Community Studies Leicester LE1 9BH Leics England

In spite of improving epidemiological knowledge in relation to child health, the challenge of promoting the survival and quality of life of infants and children in most parts of the developing world remains an abiding public health problem, for both the countries and the international agencies involved. Current infant and child health programmes largely reflect western style medical care, with emphasis placed on reducing mortality, and the preventive aspects confined mainly to immunisation, improved nutrition, provision of micronutrients, promotion of breast-feeding and birth spacing. In contrast, environmental and social factors which underpin the proliferation of disease agents are receiving minimal attention. This paper presents a critical review of current strategies for promoting child health in developing countries, and examines the environmental, social, and political factors that influence child health. Presenting a specific example of infant and childhood diarrhoea, the authors argue that in order for a real reduction in mortality, and improvements in quality of life to be sustained, attention needs to be focused equally on the environmental and social factors that underlie much of the childhood diseases in the developing world. This will involve the adoption of a broader strategy aimed at reducing childhood diarrhoea, using the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system in combination with other methods.

关键词：儿童保健服务/组织和管理发展中国家腹泻/流行病学腹泻/病因学腹泻/死亡率食品污染健康促进/组织和管理预防卫生服务/组织和管理初级卫生保健/组织和管理社会环境儿童人类

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How to act -: implementing health and safety promotion in organizations

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 2000年第3期15卷 247-254页

作者： Rosén, M Jansson, B Karolinska Inst Dept Publ Hlth Sci Div Social Med S-17176 Stockholm Sweden Umea Univ Dept Publ Hlth & Clin Med S-90187 Umea Sweden Natl Board Hlth & Welf Ctr Epidemiol Stockholm Sweden

This interdisciplinary review focuses on strategies for implementing health and safety promotion activities in organizations. Theories are summarized in a checklist and illustrated by some practical examples from Swed... 详细信息

关键词：事故预防革新推广健康促进/组织和管理组织文化组织改革规划制订公共卫生管理安全管理/组织和管理人类

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Getting your money's worth: the strategic planning program of the Stanford Corporate Health Program.

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American journal of health promotion : AJHP 1994年第5期8卷 323-327,376页

作者： Pelletier, K.R. Department of Medicine Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention Stanford University School of Medicine. United States

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Measuring community mobilization in the Seattle Minority Youth Health Project

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1998年第6期22卷 699-716页

作者： Cheadle, A Wagner, E Anderman, C Walls, M McBride, C Bell, MA Catalano, RF Pettigrew, E Univ Washington Sch Publ Hlth Dept Hlth Serv Seattle WA 98195 USA Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound Ctr Hlth Studies MacColl Inst Healthcare Innovat Seattle WA 98121 USA Univ Washington Sch Publ Hlth Dept Epidemiol Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Ctr Hlth Educ & Res Seattle WA 98195 USA Duke Univ Ctr Comprehens Canc Durham NC USA Univ Washington Sch Social Work Seattle WA 98195 USA Univ Washington Social Dev Res Grp Seattle WA 98195 USA

This article assesses the validity and reliability of the approach used to measure community mobilization in the Seattle Minority Youth Health Project(MY Health), a neighborhood-based-program to prevent drug use, violence, teen pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Two constructs were measured: neighborhood cooperation in solving problems, and sense of pride and identification with the neighborhood. The convergent validity of the measurement approach was assessed by comparing several independent measures of community mobilization generated from surveys of hey neighborhood leaders, youth and parents. For the neighborhood cooperation construct, correlations were uniformly positive across measures from different surveys and statistically significant about a quarter of the time. The correlations for the neighborhood pride construct were weaker and generally not statistically significant. Interrater reliability was low for all of the surveys, possibly reflecting varying ideas about what community mobilization meant among survey respondents.

关键词：青少年保健服务/组织和管理社区卫生服务/组织和管理社区网络/组织和管理社区和机构的关系健康促进/组织和管理健康调查少数民族方案评价问卷调查可重复性结果样本大小市区人口华盛顿青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性妊娠

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Teen Club: a nursing intervention for reducing risk-taking behavior and improving well-being in female African American adolescents.

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Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners 2000年第3期14卷 103-108页

作者： Tuttle, J. Bidwell-Cerone, S. Campbell-Heider, N. Richeson, G. Collins, S. University of Rochester School of Nursing 601 Elmwood Ave Box SON Rochester 14642 NY United States

This article describes a nursing intervention called Teen Club that was designed to reduce risk-taking behavior and improve well-being in female African American adolescents. Participants were referred to Teen Club by their nurse practitioners, physicians, and a community health nurse who were working at an urban neighborhood health center's teen clinic. Referrals were based on factors such as parental substance abuse, lack of social and family support, and other characteristics thought to increase vulnerability to risk-taking behavior. The 2-year intervention included weekly group meetings co-led by a European American female community health nurse and a Latino American male community worker, supplemented by case management and home visits by both these persons. Findings from a retrospective group interview conducted with 11 of the 12 original participants are presented. This is the first step in a series of pilot studies designed to refine the Teen Club intervention in anticipation of a future prospective, randomized investigation of this health promotion and disease prevention model of nursing care.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学青春期心理学非洲裔美国人/心理学健康态度社区卫生辅助人员/组织和管理社区保健护理/组织和管理健康行为健康促进/组织和管理纽约护理评价研究试点项目方案评价问卷调查回顾性研究冒险自助小组/组织和管理青少年女(雌)性人类

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Health insurance and medical practice organization in Canada: findings from a literature review.

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Medical care review 1994年第2期51卷 149-177页

作者： Crichton, A. Department of Health Care and Epidemiology University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

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