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Typical endothelin ET_A receptors mediate atypical endothelin-1-induced contractions in sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 1999年第3期289卷 1385-1390页

作者： Henry, PJ King, SH Univ Western Australia Dept Pharmacol Nedlands WA 6907 Australia

Contraction of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle induced by the endothelin/sarafotoxin family of peptides frequently does not readily fit into the current classification criteria for ETA and ETB receptors, raising the possibility of additional atypical receptors. In the current study, isometric tension recording and radioligand binding techniques were used to characterize the ETA receptor population in sheep isolated tracheal smooth muscle. Endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6b induced similar concentration-dependent contractions, although endothelin-1 was 2.6-fold more potent (P < .05, n = 15-18), The ETA receptor-selective antagonists BQ-123 and FR139317 caused concentration-dependent inhibition of the contractions induced by endothelin-l and sarafotoxin S6b, but both antagonists were significantly less potent in inhibiting contractions induced by endothelin-l than sarafotoxin S6b. For example, 0.03 mu M FR139317 shifted the endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6b concentration-effect curves to the right by 1.8- and 8.3-fold, respectively (P < .01, n = 6-8). Although the observed agonist dependence of antagonist potency may indicate the presence of atypical ETA receptors, competition binding studies using I-125-endotheljn-1 and (125)-I-sarafotoxin S6b identified only a single population of BQ-123- and sarafotoxin S6b-sensitive ETA receptors, Additional association-, dissociation-, and saturation-binding studies revealed that I-125-endothelin-1 binding to these ETA receptors was pseudoirreversible, whereas I-125-sarafotoxin S6b binding was readily reversible. Thus, marked differences in the kinetic profiles of ETA receptor binding to endothelin-1, sarafotoxin S6b, and BQ-123, rather than the existence of another ETA receptor subtype, may explain the stark agonist dependence of antagonist potency observed in contractile studies.

关键词：吖庚因类/药理学结合竞争性内皮缩血管肽1/药理学吲哚类/药理学动力学肌收缩/药物作用肌收缩/生理学肌平滑/药物作用肌平滑/生理学肽类环/药理学放射配体测定受体内皮素A 受体内皮缩血管肽/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢受体内皮缩血管肽/生理学绵羊气管/药物作用气管/生理学血管收缩药/药理学蝰蛇毒液类/药理学动物

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Endothelin receptor blockade inhibits molecular effectors of Kaposi's sarcoma cell invasion and tumor growth in vivo

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003年第2期163卷 753-762页

作者： Rosanò, L Spinella, F Di Castro, V Nicotra, MR Albini, A Natali, PG Bagnato, A Regina Elena Inst Canc Res Lab Mol Pathol & Ultrastruct I-00158 Rome Italy Regina Elena Inst Canc Res Dept Immunol I-00158 Rome Italy CNR Mol Biol & Pathol Inst Rome Italy Natl Inst Canc Res Ctr Adv Biotechnol Genoa Italy

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and its receptors are overexpressed in human Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. Here we show that in human KS IMM cell line ET-1 increased secretion and activation of matrix-metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), -3, -7, -9 and -13, as well as of membrane-type 1-MMP (MT1-MMP). ET-1 and ET-3 also enhanced the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-2, essential for MT1-MMP-mediated MMP-2 activation. Combined addition of both ETB receptor (ETBR) and ETAR antagonists completely blocked the ET-1-induced MMP activity. By immunohistochemistry, we observed that ET-1 increased MMP-2 and MT1-MMP expression and their localization at the cell surface. Treatment with both antagonists resulted also in the suppression of ET-1-induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins, FAK and paxillin, which are essentials for cell motility. ET-1 induced a dose-dependent enhancement in KS IMM cell migration and MMP-dependent invasiveness that were inhibited by ET-1 receptor antagonists. The small molecule, A-182086, an orally bioavailable ETA/BR antagonist, completely inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth in KS IMM xenografts. These findings demonstrate that ET-1-driven autocrine loop is crucial for enhanced invasiveness of KS IMM cells and promote tumor growth in vivo. Such activities can be blocked by the ETA/BR antagonists, which may be effective anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor molecules for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.

关键词：细胞分裂/生理学细胞运动/生理学细胞移植培养基条件性细胞支架蛋白质类/代谢内皮缩血管肽1/代谢内皮缩血管肽3/代谢酶激活黏着斑激酶1 黏着斑蛋白酪氨酸激酶类基质金属蛋白酶类/遗传学基质金属蛋白酶类/代谢小鼠裸桩蛋白磷蛋白类/代谢蛋白酪氨酸激酶类/代谢受体内皮素A 受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢肉瘤卡波西/代谢肉瘤卡波西/病理学金属蛋白酶2组织抑制剂/代谢肿瘤细胞培养的动物女(雌)性人类小鼠

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Down-regulation of endothelin-B receptor sites in cavernosal tissue of a rabbit model of partial bladder outlet obstruction: potential clinical relevance

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WORLD JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 1999年第5期17卷 290-295页

作者： Khan, MA Dashwood, MR Thompson, CS Auld, J Morgan, RJ Mikhailidis, DP Royal Free Hosp Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch Dept Urol London NW3 2QG England Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch Dept Mol Pathol & Clin Biochem London England Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust London England UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch Dept Immunocytochem London England

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common problem that significantly affects quality of life and psychological well-being. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest known benign proliferative disorder. Recently there has been growing evidence to suggest that patients with high BPH symptom scores have an increased incidence of ED. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that is thought to play an important role as a modulator of erectile physiology and dysfunction. We investigated whether there were any changes in the penile histology and in the density and distribution of ET-1 and its receptor subtypes in the corpora cavernosa of a rabbit model of partial bladder outflow obstruction (BOO). BOO was induced in 12 adult New Zealand White rabbits;12 sham-operated rabbits acted as controls. Penises were excised after 3 and 6 weeks (n = 6 each for control and BOO). Low- and high-resolution autoradiography was performed using radioligands for ET-1, ET(A) and ET(B) receptors and the results were analysed densitometrically. Ultrastructural evaluation of the corpus cavernosum (CC) was also performed. ET-1, ET(A) and ET(B) receptor-binding sites were primarily localised to the smooth-muscle cells (SMC) of the CC and to the endothelium lining the cavernosal space. ET(B) receptor-binding sites were significantly decreased (P = 0.04) in the 6-week BOO cavernosal tissue. These receptor changes were accompanied by ultrastructural changes in the CC. ET-1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of ED associated with BPH. This may partly be due to enhanced vasoconstrictor actions and SMC proliferation secondary to a reduction in ET(B) receptors. Further work is needed to evaluate this possibility.

关键词：肌动蛋白类/分析抗原 CD31/分析放射自显影术血糖血尿素氮减量调节/生理学电解质/血液内皮缩血管肽1/分析内皮缩血管肽1/代谢碘放射性同位素/诊断应用显微镜检查电子显微镜检查电子扫描阴茎/化学阴茎/超微结构受体内皮素A 受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/分析受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢膀胱/化学膀胱/病理生理学膀胱/超微结构膀胱颈梗阻/代谢动物男(雄)性兔

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Endothelin receptor sub type distribution predisposes coronary arteries to damage

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2000年第1期157卷 123-134页

作者： Louden, CS Nambi, P Pullen, MA Thomas, RA Tierney, LA Solleveld, HA Schwartz, LW SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut UE0360 Dept Safety Assessment King Of Prussia PA 19406 USA SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut Dept Renal Pharmacol King Of Prussia PA 19406 USA

Several vasoactive drugs that lower blood pressure and increase heart rate induce regional cardiotoxicity in the dog, most frequently of right coronary arteries and right atrium, The basis for this selective damage is thought to result from local changes in vascular tone and blood flow.. Administration of an endothelin receptor antagonist (ETRA, SE 209670) to dogs induced damage most frequent and severe in the right coronary artery and right atrium. Because site predisposition may correlate with distribution of vasoactive receptors, the objectives of this study were to map endothelin (ET) receptor distribution and density within regions of dog heart using both gene (mRNA) and protein expression endpoints for dog ETA and ETB receptors, and, additionally, correlate ET receptor subtype density with regional cardiac blood flow. A 10- to 15-mmHg reduction in mean arterial pressure with a concomitant increase in heart rate (10-20%), a six- and twofold increase in regional blood flow to the right and left atrium, respectively, and acute hemorrhage, medial necrosis, and inflammation were observed in the right coronary arteries and arteries of the right atrium after ETRA infusion for 5 days. Radioligand protein binding to quantify both ET receptors in normal dog heart indicated a twofold greater density of ET receptors in atrial regions versus ventricular regions. Importantly, ET receptor density in coronary arteries was markedly (about five- to sixfold) increased above that in atrial or ventricular tissues. ET receptor subtype characterization indicated ETB receptors were three times more prevalent in right coronary arteries compared to left coronary arteries and in situ hybridization confirmed localization of ETB in vascular smooth musle. ETA receptor density was comparable in rigid and left coronary arteries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for ETA and ETB receptor mRNA transcripts supported the site prevalence for message distribution. Consequently, the

关键词：氨基酸序列碱基序列冠心病/病因学冠心病/代谢冠心病/病理生理学冠状血管/药物作用冠状血管/代谢冠状血管/病理学心房/药物作用心房/病理生理学心室/药物作用心室/病理生理学血流动力学/药物作用原位杂交茚满类/血液茚满类/药代动力学茚满类/药理学分子序列数据 RNA 信使/遗传学 RNA 信使/代谢受体内皮缩血管肽/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体内皮缩血管肽/遗传学受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢局部血流/药物作用序列同源性氨基酸序列同源性核酸组织分布动物狗女(雌)性男(雄)性

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Design, synthesis, and activity of a series of pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid-based, highly specific, orally active ET_B antagonists containing a diphenylmethylamine acetamide side chain

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JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1999年第18期42卷 3679-3689页

作者： Liu, G Kozmina, NS Winn, M von Geldern, TW Chiou, WJ Dixon, DB Nguyen, E Marsh, KC Opgenorth, TJ Abbott Labs Div Pharmaceut Prod Metab Dis Res & Drug Anal Dept Abbott Pk IL 60064 USA

The endothelin (ET)-B receptor subtype is expressed on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells and mediates both vasodilation and vasoconstriction. On the basis of the pharmacophore of the previously reported ETA-specific antagonist 1, (ABT-627), we are reporting the discovery of a novel series of highly specific, orally active ETB receptor antagonists. Replacing the dibutylaminoacetamide group of 1 with a diphenylmethylaminoacetamide group resulted in antagonist 2 with a complete reversal of receptor specificity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that ortho-alkylation of the phenyl rings could further increase ETB affinity and also boost the ETA/ETB activity ratio of the resulting antagonists. A similar antagonism selectivity profile could also be achieved when one of the phenyl rings of the acetamide side chain was replaced with an alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group,(10h). Combining these features with modification of the a-aryl group of the pyrrolidine core, we have identified a potent antagonist (9k, A-308165) with over 27 000-fold selectivity favoring the ETB receptor and an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile (F = 24%) in rats.

关键词：乙酰胺类/化学合成乙酰胺类/药理学投药口服血压/药物作用甲胺类/化学合成甲胺类/药理学脯氨酸/类似物和衍生物脯氨酸/化学合成脯氨酸/药理学吡咯烷类/化学合成吡咯烷类/药理学受体内皮素A 受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢构效关系人类

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Endothelin receptor antagonism does not prevent the development of in vivo glyceryl trinitrate tolerance in the rat

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JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS 2000年第2期295卷 578-585页

作者： Ratz, JD Fraser, AB Rees-Milton, KJ Adams, MA Bennett, BM Queens Univ Fac Hlth Sci Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol Kingston ON K7L 3N6 Canada

There is evidence that increased endothelial production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) may contribute to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) tolerance. We used the competitive ETA receptor antagonist ZD2574 to determine whether chronic ETA receptor blockade affected the biochemical and functional responses to GTN during the development of GTN tolerance in vivo. Tolerance induced using transdermal GTN patches resulted in a 5.3 +/- 1.2-fold increase in the EC50 value for GTN relaxation in isolated aorta from GTN-tolerant rats. Coadministration of ZD2574 (100 mg kg(-1) t.i.d. for 3 days) during tolerance induction had no effect on GTN-induced relaxation. This dose of ZD2574 markedly blunted the pressor response to ET-1, indicating effective blockade of ETA receptors, and also abolished the initial transient depressor response to ET-1, indicating that blockade of endothelial ETB receptors also occurred using this dosage regimen for ZD2574. Consistent with the relaxation data, coadministration of ZD2574 had no effect on the decrease in GTN-induced cGMP accumulation or on the decrease in GTN biotransformation that occurred in aortae from GTN-tolerant animals. Radioimmunoassay data indicated that the GTN tolerance induction protocol caused a 2.3 +/- 0.4-fold and a 2.2 +/- 0.5-fold increase in total tissue ET-1 levels in tolerant aorta and vena cava, respectively. These data suggest that chronic inhibition of ET receptors by ZD2574 was not sufficient to prevent or diminish the tolerance-inducing effects of GTN, and that the increase in ET-1 levels observed in tolerant tissues may occur as a consequence of the vascular changes that occur during chronic GTN exposure.

关键词：主动脉胸/药物作用主动脉胸/代谢主动脉胸/生理学结合竞争性生物转化血压/药物作用环GMP/代谢药物耐受性/生理学内皮缩血管肽1/拮抗剂和抑制剂内皮缩血管肽1/代谢内皮缩血管肽1/生理学肌收缩/药物作用肌松弛/药物作用硝酸甘油/药代动力学硝酸甘油/药理学吡嗪类/药理学大鼠 Sprague-Dawley 受体内皮素A 受体内皮缩血管肽/拮抗剂和抑制剂受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢磺胺类/药理学血管舒张药/药代动力学血管舒张药/药理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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An oral endothelin-A receptor antagonist blocks collagen synthesis and deposition in advanced rat liver fibrosis

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GASTROENTEROLOGY 2000年第6期118卷 1169-1178页

作者： Cho, JJ Hocher, B Herbst, H Jia, JD Ruehl, M Hahn, EG Riecken, EO Schuppan, D Univ Erlangen Nurnberg Dept Med 1 D-91054 Erlangen Germany Free Univ Berlin Klinikum Benjamin Franklin Dept Gastroenterol D-12200 Berlin Germany Humboldt Univ Dept Nephrol Berlin Germany Univ Hosp Eppendorf Inst Pathol Hamburg Germany

Background & Aims: Endothelin 1 induces contraction, proliferation, and collagen synthesis of hepatic stellate cells in vitro, which may be mediated via the endothelin A receptor. It is unknown if specific blockade of the endothelin A receptor inhibits hepatic fibrosis in vivo, Methods: Groups of 10-20 rats with bile duct occlusion were treated with the nonpeptide endothelin-A receptor antagonist LU 135252 at 80 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) from week 1-6 or from week 4-6, or with LU at 10 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) from week 1-6, Animals with bile duct occlusion alone and sham-operated rats without or with LU at 80 mg . kg(-1) . day(-1) over 6 weeks sewed as controls. After 6 weeks, parameters of fibrogenesis were determined. Results: LU treatment led to improved histology, paralleled by a dose-dependence up to 60% reduction of liver collagen, even when administered at an advanced fibrosis stage, This was accompanied by a decreased messenger RNA of hepatic procollagen alpha 1(I) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, 2 major effecters of fibrosis, and of serum procollagen type III, a surrogate marker of liver fibrogenesis, Conclusions: Selective endothelin-A receptor blockade can dramatically reduce collagen accumulation in rat secondary biliary fibrosis, a model refractory to most potential antifibrotic agents. Endothelin-A receptor antagonists are promising antifibrotic agents in chronic liver disease.

关键词：投药口服丙氨酸转氨酶/血液碱性磷酸酶/血液腹水/药物疗法腹水/代谢天冬氨酸氨基转移酶类/血液胆红素/血液胆汁淤积/药物疗法胆汁淤积/代谢胆汁淤积/病理学胶原/分析胶原/生物合成 DNA 互补疾病模型动物内皮缩血管肽1/分析羟脯氨酸/分析高血压门静脉/药物疗法高血压门静脉/代谢高血压门静脉/病理学黄疸/药物疗法黄疸/代谢肝/药物作用肝/代谢肝/病理学肝硬化实验性/药物疗法肝硬化实验性/代谢肝硬化实验性/病理学器官测量丙酸苯酯类/药理学嘧啶类/药理学 RNA 信使/分析大鼠 Wistar 受体内皮素A 受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/分析受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢金属蛋白酶1组织抑制剂/遗传学动物女(雌)性大鼠

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Molecular modeling of the complex of endothelin-1(ET-1) with the endothelin type A (ET_A) receptor and the rational design of a peptide antagonist

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JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS 2000年第6期17卷 957-964页

作者： Bhatnagar, S Rao, GS All India Inst Med Sci Dept Biophys New Delhi 110029 India

ET-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor known to date, causing vasoconstriction when bound to the ETA receptor. Inhibitors of the binding of ET-I to the ETA receptor would be of immense value as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as angina and hypertension. We present here the rational design of such an inhibitor, which is arrived at on the basis of a model of theET-1/ ETA receptor complex proposed by us. The model is found to be consistent with binding and mutagenesis studies of ET-I as well as of BQ123, a known, potent ETA-selective antagonist which competes with ET-1 for receptor binding. BQ123 is a peptidic antagonist which is constrained to adopt a definite conformation on account of its cyclic nature, The noncyclic peptide antagonist designed by us also has a unique conformation because it contains two dehydro-Alanine (Delta Ala) residues which, on account of their planarity, cause the peptide backbone to bend in a specific and predictable manner. The folding rules for peptides containing Delta Ala were derived in our earlier studies. Energy minimization and modelling of the complex of the designed peptide with the ETA receptor indicate that the antagonist is ETA-selective and the binding is more stable and more specific as compared to that of BQ123.

关键词：抗高血压药/化学抗高血压药/药理学药物设计内皮缩血管肽1/拮抗剂和抑制剂内皮缩血管肽1/化学内皮缩血管肽1/代谢模型分子诱变定点肽类/化学合成肽类环/化学肽类环/药理学蛋白质结合蛋白质构象蛋白质折叠受体内皮素A 受体内皮缩血管肽/化学受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢信号传导血管收缩药/化学人类

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Late endosomal/lysosomal targeting and lack of recycling of the ligand-occupied endothelin B receptor

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MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY 2000年第6期57卷 1104-1113页

作者： Oksche, A Boese, G Horstmeyer, A Furkert, J Beyermann, M Bienert, M Rosenthal, W Forschungsinst Mol Pharmakol D-10315 Berlin Germany Free Univ Berlin Inst Pharmakol D-1000 Berlin Germany

A fusion protein consisting of the endothelin B (ETB) receptor and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in conjunction with Cyanin3- or fluorescein-conjugated endothelin 1 (Cy3-ET1, Fluo-ET1) was used to investigate the ligand-mediated internalization of the ETB receptor. The ETB receptor and the ETB/EGFP fusion protein displayed very similar pharmacological properties when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The integrity of the fusion protein was verified by low temperature PAGE analysis of the I-125-ET1-bound ETB receptor and the I-125-ET1-bound ETB/EGFP fusion protein. Fluorescence microscopy of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the ETB/EGFP fusion protein demonstrated strong signals at the plasma membrane. On addition of Cy3-ET1, internalization of ligand and receptor occurred within 5 min via a sucrose-sensitive (i.e., clathrin-mediated) pathway. On further incubation, ETB/EGFP and Cy3-ET1 fluorescences were found in the perinuclear region, colocalized with fluorescent low density lipoproteins, a marker of the late endosomal/lysosomal pathway, but not with fluorescent transferrin, a marker of the recycling pathway. No dissociation of Cy3-ET1 from the receptor was seen within 4 h. Using I-125-ET1 or Cy3-ET1, binding sites were again demonstrable at the cell surface within 2 h. The reappearance of binding sites was abolished by prior treatment of the cells with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The data demonstrate that the ligand-occupied ETB receptor is internalized;however, it does not recycle like most of the G protein-coupled receptors but is sorted to the late endosomal/lysosomal pathway in a manner similar to that of the family of protease-activated receptors.

关键词：氨基酸序列 CHO细胞仓鼠亚科减量调节内颗粒/生理学内皮缩血管肽1/代谢配体溶酶体/生理学显微镜检查荧光分子序列数据吞噬作用受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢动物

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Discovery and synthesis of a potent sulfonamide ET_B selective antagonist

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BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2000年第16期10卷 1875-1878页

作者： Kanda, Y Takahashi, T Araki, Y Konoike, T Mihara, S Fujimoto, M Shionogi & Co Ltd Shionogi Res Labs Fukushima Ku Osaka 5530002 Japan Shionogi & Co Ltd Shionogi Res Labs Amagasaki Hyogo 6600813 Japan

The synthesis and structure activity relationships of a series of sulfonamide endothelin antagonists are described. In the course of our modification studies, we discovered ETB selective antagonists. The most potent compound 15f displays IC50 values of 1.7 mu M and 0.002 mu M to ETA and ETB receptors, respectively. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词：主动脉 COS细胞细胞系分子结构肌平滑血管放射配体测定受体内皮素B 受体内皮缩血管肽/代谢磺胺类/化学合成磺胺类/化学磺胺类/代谢磺胺类/药理学动物大鼠

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