In all major groups of Australian marsupials, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) or oxytocin injection initiates birth behavior in adult females, adult males and pouch young. Because inhibitors of PGF synthesis block this i...
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In all major groups of Australian marsupials, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) or oxytocin injection initiates birth behavior in adult females, adult males and pouch young. Because inhibitors of PGF synthesis block this initiation, oxytocin may activate birth behavior via the stimulation of PGF synthesis. In this study, the role of PGF and oxytocin in the activation of birth behavior was examined in an American marsupial, the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Adult male and female gray opossums were given PGF, oxytocin, or saline (control) before behavioral observation. On the next day, the animals in the oxytocin group were injected with the PGF inhibitor flunixin meglumide (Finadyne, Schering Corp., U.S.A.) before oxytocin reinjection and behavioral observation. Both males and females showed birth behavior in response to PGF but only females responded to oxytocin. There was no significant difference in the latency of response of females to oxytocin alone versus response to oxytocin after receipt of the PGF inhibitor. These results suggest that, in contrast to Australian species, in this American marsupial, oxytocin initiates birth behavior only in females and does not operate via stimulation of prostaglandin secretion. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
Evening primrose oil is widely used by many midwives to hasten cervical ripening in an effort to shorten labor and decrease the incidence of postdates pregnancies. Although its efficacy has been studied in the relief ...
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Evening primrose oil is widely used by many midwives to hasten cervical ripening in an effort to shorten labor and decrease the incidence of postdates pregnancies. Although its efficacy has been studied in the relief of symptoms of a number of medical conditions, its use has not been well studied, if at all, for the purpose of cervical ripening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral evening primrose oil on the length of pregnancy and selected intrapartum outcomes in low-risk nulliparous women. A two group retrospective quasiexperimental design conducted on a sample of women who received care in a birth center, compared selected outcomes of 54 women taking evening primrose oil in their pregnancy with a control group of 54 women who did not. Findings suggest that the oral administration of evening primrose oil from the 37th gestational week until birth does not shorten gestation or decrease the overall length of labor. Further, the use of orally administered evening primrose oil may be associated with an increase in the incidence of prolonged rupture of membranes, oxytocin augmentation, arrest of descent, and vacuum extraction. (C) 1999 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives.
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