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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 1976年第1期6卷 49-59页

作者： RANDALL, OS ESLER, MD CALFEE, RV BULLOCH, GF MAISEL, AS CULP, B OROURKE WIKSTRAND GOW HUNYOR BROD OROURKE UNIV MICHIGAN MED CTRDEPT INTERN MED HYPERTENSIONANN ARBORMI 48109 UNIV MICHIGAN MED CTRDIV CARDIOLANN ARBORMI 48109

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DIFFERENCES IN TIME COURSE OF REGIONAL CEREBRAL HEMODYNAMICS OF GRAY AND WHITE MATTER DURING EXPERIMENTAL-HYPERTENSION

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JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 1978年第1期38卷 97-111页

作者： ISHIHARA, N NARITOMI, H MEYER, JS DODSON, RF DESHMUKH, VD BAYLOR UNIV COLL MED DEPT NEUROL HOUSTON TX 77030 USA METHODIST HOSP DEPT NEUROL HOUSTON TX 77030 USA

Investigations concerned with the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy have reported 2 opposing changes in cerebral hemodynamics during induced hypertension: vasospasm or vasoconstriction of the leptomeningeal arteries and increase of cerebral blood flow which was termed breakthrough of the cerebral autoregulation. To resolve this apparent conflict, continuous measurements of focal cerebral flow and O2 availability were made in 17 baboons by the use of implanted Pt electrodes placed in both gray and white matter during induced hypertension. Autoregulation was initially well maintained in gray matter followed by breakthrough but the autoregulatory response was poorly maintained in the cerebral white matter. The vasoconstriction of the leptomeningeal arteries reported in earlier investigations from observations made through a skull window appears to be due to a marked autoregulatory response to hypertension rather than vasospasm. The autoregulatory response appears to be efficient in gray matter but relatively deficient in white matter.

关键词：急性病蛛网膜/血液供给动脉/病理生理学脑化学二氧化碳脑血管循环直鼻猴亚目内环境稳定高血压/代谢高血压/病理生理学氧/分析狒狒属局部血流动物

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Nitric oxide synthase 3-dependent vascular remodeling and circulatory dysfunction in cirrhosis

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003年第6期162卷 1985-1993页

作者： Fernández-Varo, G Ros, J Morales-Ruiz, M Cejudo-Martín, P Arroyo, V Solé, M Rivera, F Rodés, J Jiménez, W Univ Barcelona Hosp Clin Barcelona Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer Hormonal Lab E-08036 Barcelona Spain Univ Barcelona Hosp Clin Barcelona Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer Liver Unit E-08036 Barcelona Spain Univ Barcelona Hosp Clin Barcelona Inst Invest Biomed August Pi i Sunyer Dept Pathol E-08036 Barcelona Spain Inst Reina Sofia Invest Nefrol Barcelona Spain

Vascular remodeling is an active process that consists in important modifications in the vessel wall. Endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in this phenomenon. We assessed wall thickness (WT), total wall area (TWA), lumen diameter, and total nuclei number/cross-section (TN) in cirrhotic rats with ascites;and in control rats. A second group of cirrhotic rats received the NO synthesis inhibitor, L-NAME, or vehicle daily for 11 weeks and systemic hemodynamics, arterial compliance, aortic NO synthase 3 (NOS3) protein expression, and vascular morphology were analyzed. Cirrhotic vessels showed a significant reduction in WT, TWA, and TN as compared to control vessels. Long-term inhibition of NOS activity in cirrhotic rats resulted in a significant increase in WT, TWA, and TN as compared to cirrhotic rats receiving vehicle. NOS3 protein abundance was higher in aortic vessels of nontreated cirrhotic animals than in controls. This difference was abolished by chronic treatment with L-NAME. NOS inhibition in cirrhotic rats resulted in higher arterial pressure and peripheral resistance and lower arterial compliance than cirrhotic rats receiving vehicle. Therefore, vascular remodeling in cirrhosis with ascites is a generalized process with significant functional consequences that can be negatively modulated by long-term inhibition of NOS activity. (Am J Pathol 2003, 162:1985-1993)

关键词：主动脉腹/药物作用主动脉腹/病理学主动脉腹/病理生理学主动脉胸/药物作用主动脉胸/病理学主动脉胸/病理生理学动脉/药物作用动脉/病理学动脉/病理生理学腹水/酶学腹水/病理生理学血液循环/药物作用内皮血管/药物作用内皮血管/病理学内皮血管/病理生理学酶抑制剂/药理学纤维化肠系膜动脉/药物作用肠系膜动脉/病理学肠系膜动脉/病理生理学 NG-硝基精氨酸甲酯/药理学一氧化氮合酶/拮抗剂和抑制剂一氧化氮合酶/代谢一氧化氮合酶Ⅲ型大鼠 Wistar 肾动脉/药物作用肾动脉/病理学肾动脉/病理生理学血管中膜/药物作用血管中膜/病理学血管中膜/病理生理学动物男(雄)性大鼠

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CONDITIONS OF FLOW AT INTERFACES WITH FLEXIBLE WALLS

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1976年第AUG27期275卷 2-9页

作者： SILBERBERG, A WEIZMANN INST SCI REHOVOTHISRAEL

It is shown that the presence of highly deformable surface layers of low elastic modulus produce effects in flow that tend to reduce throughout. This phenomenon seems to be due to the generation of surface waves and a corresponding fluid zone into which these waves are also partially propagated. Experiments are summarized that are consistent with this point of view. The implications for arterial and other blood flow are discussed.

关键词：动脉/病理生理学动脉硬化/病理生理学大分子物质数学模型理论流变学

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Resistance artery smooth muscle function in pregnancy and preeclampsia (vol 186, pg 148, 2002)

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2002年第4期186卷 722-722页

作者： Van Wijk, MJ Boer, K van der Meulen, FT Bleker, OP Spaan, JAF VanBavel, E DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology AcademicMedicalCenterAmsterdamTheNetherlands.M.J.vanWijk@amc.uva.nl

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the altered vascular resistance in pregnancy and preeclampsia results from alterations in intrinsic vascular smooth muscle properties or from external influences on vascular smooth muscle function. Study Design: We studied subcutaneous resistance arteries from women with preeclampsia, from normal pregnant women, and from nonpregnant women, that were obtained during cesarean delivery or gynecologic surgical procedures, in a pressure myograph. Arteries were denervated, and smooth muscle cells were loaded with calcium indicator fura-2. Contractile properties were tested in physiologic saline solution and during potassium- and norepinephrine-induced constriction at various pressures. In addition, endothelial function was assessed. Intracellular calcium and tone were measured continuously. Results: No significant differences in basal tone, constrictor, and myogenic responses were found between groups. Contractile element calcium sensitivity was significantly increased in women with preeclampsia. Norepinephrine caused an increase in calcium sensitivity in all groups. Conclusion: Vascular smooth muscle calcium sensitivity is increased in preeclampsia. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:148-54.)

关键词：动脉/药物作用动脉/病理生理学钙/生理学肌平滑血管/病理生理学去甲肾上腺素/药理学先兆子痫/病理生理学妊娠/生理学参考值血管阻力血管收缩/生理学血管收缩药/药理学血管舒缩系统/病理生理学成年人女(雌)性人类

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Reduced vasodilator capacity in syndrome X related to structure and function of resistance arteries

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第2期83卷 149-154页

作者： Buus, NH Bottcher, M Botker, HE Sorensen, KE Nielsen, TT Mulvany, MJ Aarhus Univ Dept Pharmacol DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Aarhus Univ Hosp Dept Cardiol DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Hosp PET Ctr DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark

The combination of angina pectoris, angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries, and a positive exercise test is referred to as syndrome X. Previous studies have demonstrated an impaired coronary flow reserve and a peripheral vascular dysfunction, suggesting that vascular abnormalities in syndrome X may not be confined to the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate whether any vascular disorder of syndrome X is due to intrinsic structural or functional disturbances in resistance arteries. We compared 16 patients with syndrome X (56.6 +/- 1.2 years, 3 men) with 15 matched control subjects. Myocardial blood flow was measured with N-13-ammonia positron emission tomography. Forearm blood flow was measured in the brachial artery with high-resolution ultrasound. Gluteal subcutaneous resistance arteries were dissected and mounted on a myograph for measurement of active tension development, lumen diameter, and media thickness. Baseline myocardial blood flow was similar in patients and controls, but dipyridamole-induced hyperemia was decreased in patients (1.67 +/- 0.13 vs 2.31 +/- 0.12 ml/min/g, p <0.01). Patients and controls had similar baseline forearm blood flow, but hyperemic flow after transient occlusion of the brachial artery was impaired in patients (198 +/- 20 vs 273 +/- 32 ml/min, p < 0.05). isolated resistance arteries showed no differences in constriction to noradrenaline, or relaxation to acetylcholine, dipyridamole, or nitroglycerin. Furthermore, the ratio between media thickness and lumen diameter were similar in syndrome X patients and controls. Our data show that when compared with a well-matched control group, syndrome X patients have a decreased coronary and peripheral vasodilator capacity. However, this is not reflected by functional abnormalities or structural changes as evaluated in subcutaneous resistance arteries. We conclude that syndrome X is not a generalized intrinsic abnormality of the resistance circulation. (C) 1999 by Excerp

关键词：动脉/药物作用动脉/病理学动脉/病理生理学病例对照研究冠状动脉循环双嘧达莫/药理学前臂/血液供给微血管性心绞痛/诊断微血管性心绞痛/病理生理学体层摄影术发射型计算机血管阻力/药物作用血管舒张血管舒张药/药理学女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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ROLE OF ARTERIAL-WALL CELLS IN SCLEROGENESIS

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1976年第AUG27期275卷 286-301页

作者： HAUSS, WH WESTPHALIAN WILHELMS UNIV MUNSTER MED CLIN & POLYCLINICMUNSTERFED REP GER INST ARTERIOSCLEROSIS RES MUNSTERFED REP GER

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IMMUNOLOGICAL ARTERIAL INJURY IN ATHEROGENESIS

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ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 1976年第AUG27期275卷 210-227页

作者： MINICK, CR NEW YORK HOSP CORNELL MED CTRDEPT PATHOLNEW YORKNY 10021

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Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women protects against smoking-induced changes in vascular structure and function

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY 1999年第1期34卷 131-137页

作者： Teede, HJ Liang, YL Shiel, LM McNeil, JJ McGrath, BP Monash Med Ctr Dept Med Vasc Med Unit Clayton Vic 3168 Australia Monash Univ Alfred Hosp Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med Melbourne Vic 3004 Australia

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women who smoke. BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy appears to afford cardiovascular protection in postmenopausal women;however, in high risk individuals, specifically smokers, this has not been adequately studied. This question was addressed in a cross-sectional study of arterial structure, function and plasma lipids in postmenopausal smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Vascular ultrasound was performed in two age-matched groups of postmenopausal women, 70 on HRT (35 smokers) and 70 control subjects not on HRT (35 smokers). Indexes of arterial structure (carotid intima-media thickness [IMT]) and vascular function (systemic arterial compliance [SAC]) and lipid profiles were measured. RESULTS Participant characteristics were similar in the two groups. Smokers on HRT, compared with smoking control subjects, had lower cholesterol(6.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/liter, p = 0.03) and more favorable mean values for IMT (0.64 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.03 mm, p = 0.007) and SAC (0.41 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.03 U/mm Hg, p = 0.03). Nonsmokers on HRT compared with nonsmoking control subjects had lower total cholesterol (5.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter, p = 0.02) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/liter, p = 0.01). Mean IMT and SAC values in nonsmokers on HRT and control subjects were not significantly different. Multiple regression demonstrated significant correlation between HRT status and both IMT and SAC, in smokers and in those with increased cholesterol. In nonsmokers and those with lower cholesterol, HRT status was not significantly correlated with vascular parameters. CONCLUSIONS In postmenopausal women who smoke there may be a beneficial effect of long-term estrogen therapy on indexes of arterial structure and function as surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease. Long-term controlled studies are needed t

关键词：动脉/病理学动脉/病理生理学胆固醇 HDL/血液胆固醇 LDL/血液横断面研究雌激素替代疗法绝经后期/生理学吸烟/副作用吸烟/病理学吸烟/病理生理学甘油三酯类/血液血管内膜/病理学血管疾病/病因学血管疾病/病理学血管疾病/病理生理学血管疾病/预防和控制女(雌)性人类中年人

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Effects of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic performance and ventriculoarterial coupling in patients with coronary artery disease

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AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL 1999年第1期138卷 169-174页

作者： Rinder, MR Miller, TR Ehsani, AA Washington Univ Sch Med Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol Dept MedDiv Gerontol & Geriatr St Louis MO 63110 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol Dept MedCardiovasc Div St Louis MO 63110 USA Washington Univ Sch Med Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol Div Nucl Med St Louis MO 63110 USA

Background Endurance exercise training can increase left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction during dynamic exercise in coronary artery disease. This adaptation may be mediated by altered cardiac loading conditions rather than an improvement in intrinsic LV systolic function. To minimize these confounding effects, we used isometric handgrip exercise to assess the training-induced changes in LV systolic function and ventriculoarterial coupling. Methods Twenty-six patients (52 +/- 2 years of age) trained for 12 months. IV function was assessed with radionuclide ventriculograpy. Results LV systolic reserve (the change in IV ejection fraction from rest to handgrip exercise) increased from -7.32 +/- 1.2 to -3.4 +/- 1.1 (P = .033) without acute changes in end-diastolic volume or the effective arterial load. LV end-systolic elastance increased 37% (P = .039) during handgrip exercise. Resting end-diastolic volume increased and the effective arterial load decreased after training. Conclusions Data suggest that in coronary artery disease adaptations to exercise training include a lower effective arterial load and an increase in EDV at rest, with an improvement in LV systolic function detectable only during afterload stress.

关键词：动脉/病理生理学冠心病/病理生理学冠心病/放射性核素显像冠状血管/病理生理学运动(Exercise) 运动试验放射性核素心室显像术心缩期心室功能左心室压女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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