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Estimation of the risk of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers after a needlestick injury in Taiwan

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL 2002年第1期30卷 15-20页

作者： Shiao, J Guo, L McLaws, ML Univ New S Wales Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med Fac Med NSW Hosp Infect Epidemiol & Surveillance Unit Sydney NSW Australia Natl Yang Ming Univ Dept Nursing Taipei 112 Taiwan Natl Cheng Kung Univ Coll Med Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Tainan 70101 Taiwan

Objectives: To estimate the number of health care workers (HCWs) in Taiwan at risk, annually for contracting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV after a needlestick and sharps injury (NSI) with a used hollow-bore needle. Methods: All patients hospitalized in I tertiary hospital between September 1997 and June 1993 had routine pathological work-ups. On the first day of the months of September 1997, December 1997, March 1998, and June 1998, 1805 samples of deidentified residual sera randomly sampled from 18,474 inpatients older than 6 years were serologically tested for antigens to HBV (HBsAg and HBeAg) and antibodies to HCV anti-HCV) and HIV (anti-HIV) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reagents. The frequency of NSIs with contaminated devices in HCWs from 16 public teaching hospitals between July 1996 and June 199 7 and the serologic results were used to extrapolate the estimated annual rate of seroconversion in HCWs after an NSI. Results: Of the 1805 samples tested, 16.7% were seropositive for HBsAg (of which 1.7% were positive For HBeAg), 12.7% were positive for anti-HCV, and 0.8% were positive for anti-HIV, Of the 7550 NSIs reported by 8645 HCWs, 66.7% involved a contaminated hollow-bore needle. From these data, 308 to 924 HCWs were estimated to be at risk for contracting HBV 334 to 836 were a[ risk for contracting HCV;and, at the most, 2 were at risk for contracting HIV The estimated annual number of contaminated NSIs sustained by 4 categories of HCWs ranged from 0.3 to 0.7, resulting in 543 nurses, 113 technicians, 80 physicians, and 66 supporting staff to be at risk annually of acquiring HBV infection, The numbers of HCWs estimated to be at risk of acquiring HCV were 596 nurses, 90 physicians, 84 technicians, and 30 supporting staff. The risk of acquiring HIV was low, with I nurse and possibly I other staff potentially exposed annually. Conclusions: Our estimates of the rise for seroconversion after an NSI have demonstrated that an oc

关键词：血传病原体/分离和提纯 HIV感染/预防和控制 HIV感染/传播卫生人员/统计学和数值数据肝炎病毒属/分离和提纯肝炎乙型/预防和控制肝炎乙型/传播肝炎病毒乙型/分离和提纯肝炎丙型/预防和控制肝炎丙型/传播医院教学针刺伤/并发症危险性评估台湾青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Recent studies cloud link between diet and cancer

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JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE 2000年第22期92卷 1794-1795页

作者： Clark, G op.uky.edu

Folk wisdom that eating fruits and vegetables is healthy found scientific backing when several bodies of research, some now more than 30 years old, showed that people whose diets were high in fruits and vegetables seemed to have a reduced risk of some kinds of cancer, most notably lung and colorectal cancers. The evidence appeared so strong that in 1991 the National Cancer Institute started the “5 A Day for Better Health” program to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables in the general population. (That program is currently undergoing a review, and a report is scheduled to be out this week.) By 1997, when a group of epidemiologists convened by the American Institute for Cancer Research endorsed vegetables as part of a diet that would reduce risk of colorectal cancer with the “highest degree of scientific certainty,” it seemed clear that produce had an important role to play in cancer prevention. But now the messages about the benefits of diets high in fruits and vegetables are being clouded by recent studies of stronger scientific design that have found that such a diet may not be protective against cancer. Earlier this year, two studies (New England Journal of Medicine, April 20) slammed the theory that high-fiber diets (which are often high in fruits and vegetables) guard against that disease, finding instead that patients with high-fiber diets had no reduction in colorectal polyps. And two new prospective studies from the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals’ Follow-up Study cohorts have also yielded unexpected results. In the first, which appears in this issue of the Journal (p. 1812), a group of investigators led by Diane Feskanich, Sc.D., of Harvard Medical School, found that diets high in fruits and vegetables were not associated with a substantial reduction in the risk of lung cancer; risk was reduced only in women and only by 21% in the highest intake group. Another study of the same cohorts appeared in the Nov. 1 issue of the Journal. In th

关键词：结直肠肿瘤/流行病学结直肠肿瘤/代谢结直肠肿瘤/预防和控制膳食膳食调查水果卫生人员/统计学和数值数据肺肿瘤/预防和控制研究设计美国/流行病学蔬菜成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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ASSESSING EMPLOYEE ATTITUDES IN A COMMUNITY-BASED AIDS SERVICE ORGANIZATION

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EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 1994年第3期17卷 273-289页

作者： LIOU, KT RUISE, PL FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIV SCH PUBL ADM220 SE 2ND AVEFT LAUDERDALEFL 33301 USA

This study surveyed employees of the Comprehensive AIDS Program of Palm Beach County, Florida, a community-based AIDS service organization, to understand employees' motives for working for the organization and their attitudes toward their jobs, the organization, its clients (persons with AIDS), and governments. The study revealed that the primary reasons employees work for the organization are a desire for personal involvement in the AIDS fight and the personal lifestyle and/or feeling of each employee. These employees were highly motivated, showing some very positive attitudes toward their jobs, organization, and clients. On the other side, these employees reported concern for future funding of their organization and unhappiness with both federal and state governments' role in the fight against AIDS. Based on these findings, the authors discuss implications for the management of AIDS service organizations, the quality of the AIDS service delivery system, and the future development of AIDS service organizations.

关键词：获得性免疫缺陷综合征/心理学医务工作者的态度社区卫生中心/人力社区卫生中心/统计学和数值数据评价研究佛罗里达健康知识态度实践卫生人员/心理学卫生人员/统计学和数值数据卫生服务研究职业满意士气动机问卷调查成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Rural home health care workers’ attitudes toward the elderly: A replication study

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Home Health Care Services Quarterly 1992年第4期12卷 71-80页

作者： Weiler, Robert M. Sarvela, Paul D. Department of Human Services George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States Department of Health Education Southern Illinois University at Car-bondale Fairfax VA 22030-4444 United States

We collected data from 548 rural home health care workers in Southern Illinois in 1990 to replicate a study conducted in 1988 designed to identify and assess the attitudes of those workers toward the elderly and their elderly clients. Subjects were asked to respond to a fifteen item, self-report questionnaire. Reliability of the scale was estimated at.79, using Cronbach's alpha. Readability was estimated at the sixth-grade reading level as measured by the SMOG Readability Formula. Chi-square statistics were used to determine whether there were any differences between the 1988 and 1990 data sets, with a significance level of.003, using the Bonferroni correction procedures. Results were similar for both the 1988 and 1990 data sets. For example, whereas 31.8% of the 1988 respondents agreed with the statement: "most of my clients are pretty much the same," 30.5% of the 1990 respondents agreed. The findings from this study indicate that attitudes toward the elderly among this population of home health care workers have remained relatively consistent over this two year period. © 1992 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词：医务工作者的态度健康态度虚弱老人卫生人员/统计学和数值数据家庭医疗保健服务/人力伊利诺伊问卷调查农村卫生成年人老年人女(雌)性人类

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A poignant absence: sexual harassment in the health care literature.

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Medical care review 1992年第2期49卷 133-159页

作者： Genovich-Richards, J. School of Nursing Oakland University Rochester MI United States

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Organizational and provider structural changes and resource utilization of services for the elderly in norway

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Home Health Care Services Quarterly 1995年第3期15卷 31-46页

作者： Cates, Norman Business Administration Dominican College United States

This paper presents recent innovations in organizing provider work and changes in organizational structure that promote: (1) reduction in fragmentation of care (2) improved continuity and quality of care and (3) improved cost-containment efforts and (4) belter decision making. Data is also given on resource *** is anticipated that these models of care and services are prototypes of future models of care for the elderly as this population increases in number. Data is also presented (hat suggests that, eventually, increases in taxes and social security contributions and/or the rationing of health care may be necessary to meet pensioner health needs. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词：病人医护连续性数据收集卫生人员/统计学和数值数据老年人保健服务/组织和管理老年人保健服务/利用家庭医疗保健服务/组织和管理家庭医疗保健服务/利用保险健康模型组织管理国家卫生规划/组织和管理挪威医护疗养所/组织和管理医护疗养所/利用组织改革卫生保健质量老年人人类

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Training and employment of health professionals in Spain. Analysis of imbalance

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Gaceta sanitaria / S.E.S.P.A.S 2000年第3期14卷 237-246页

作者： González López-Valcárcel, B. Dpto. de Métodos Cuantitativos Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain

Our objective is to analyze the frictions and imbalances related to the training and the employment of health professionals in Spain. Data are presented and the consequences of imbalances in the endowments of professionals are discussed, including absolute figures and relative figures of the endowments between nurses and physicians. The age pyramids of the physicians and their territorial distribution are analysed. We also studied the changes that have been made in the pregraduate programs of Health Sciences in Spain and their adaptation to the required professional profiles. The university has been deprived from its previous competences in the global training process of physicians. The current imbalances between training and employment emerge from the miopic planning of the past. After the diagnosis of imbalances, the paper provides some recommendations regarding educational and labour policies.

关键词：课程就业卫生人员/教育卫生人员/统计学和数值数据西班牙人类

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