卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤(ovarian mature cystic teratoma, OMCT)是最常见的卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤,约占卵巢肿瘤的10%至25%。其恶变率相对较低,仅为1.8%。其中,卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤的鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma, SCC-MCT)在临床上极为罕见,并且缺乏特异性或典型的症状。影像学检查结果与MCT类似,使得早期鉴别变得困难。该疾病诊断主要依赖于组织学检查,部分患者在被发现时已处于晚期,且术后放化疗的疗效仍不明确。然而,根据血清学指标及宫颈HPV筛查,有助于早期发现、诊断和治疗卵巢MCT。本文章结合国内外相关文献,探讨卵巢成熟性囊性畸胎瘤恶变的临床症状、诊断方法、治疗策略及预后情况。Ovarian mature cystic teratoma (OMCT) is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary, accounting for about 10% to 25% of ovarian tumors. The rate of malignancy is relatively low, only 1.8%. squamous cell carcinoma arising from mature cystic teratoma (SCC-MCT) is clinically extremely rare and lacks specific or typical symptoms. Imaging findings are similar to those of MCT, making early identification difficult. Diagnosis of the disease is mainly dependent on histological examination, and some patients are in advanced stage at the time of detection, and the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is still unclear. However, screening based on serological indicators and cervical HPV can help in the early detection, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian MCT. In this paper, we discuss the clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment strategy and prognosis of malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of ovary.
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