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Maize calreticulin localizes preferentially to plasmodesmata in root apex

PLANT JOURNAL 1999年第4期19卷 481-488页

作者： Baluska, F Samaj, J Napier, R Volkmann, D Univ Bonn Inst Bot Dept Plant Cell Biol D-53115 Bonn Germany Hort Res Int Wellesbourne CV35 9EF Warwick England Slovak Acad Sci Inst Bot SK-84223 Bratislava Slovakia Slovak Acad Sci Inst Plant Genet & Biotechnol SK-95007 Nitra Slovakia

Using a polyclonal antibody raised against calreticulin purified and sequenced from maize, we performed an immunocytological study to characterize putative domain-specific subcellular distributions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident calreticulin in meristematic cells of maize root tip. At the light microscopy level, calreticulin was immunolocalized preferentially at cellular peripheries, in addition to nuclear envelopes and cytoplasmic structures. Punctate labelling at the longitudinal walls and continuous labelling at the transverse walls was characteristic. Immunogold electron microscopy revealed plasmodesmata as the most prominently labelled cell periphery structure. In order to further probe the ER-domain-specific distribution of maize calreticulin at plasmodesmata, root apices were exposed to mannitol-induced osmotic stress. Plasmolysis was associated with prominent accumulations of calreticulin at callose-enriched plasmodesmata and pit fields while the contracting protoplasts were depleted of calreticulin. In contrast, other ER-resident proteins recognized by HDEL peptide and Sip antibodies localized exclusively to contracted protoplasts. This finding reveals that, in plasmolysed cells, calreticulin enriched ER domains at plasmodesmata and pit fields are depleted of other ER-resident proteins containing the HDEL retention peptide.

关键词：抗体印迹法蛋白质钙结合蛋白质类/分析钙结合蛋白质类/化学钙结合蛋白质类/生理学钙网蛋白细胞壁/化学细胞质/化学内质网/化学内质网/药物作用荧光抗体技术细胞间接合部/化学细胞间接合部/药物作用细胞间接合部/超微结构甘露醇/药理学显微镜检查电子分子量核被膜/化学寡肽类/遗传学渗透压/药物作用植物根冠/化学植物根冠/细胞学植物根冠/药物作用植物根冠/超微结构蛋白分选信号原生质体/化学原生质体/细胞学原生质体/药物作用核糖核蛋白类/分析核糖核蛋白类/化学核糖核蛋白类/生理学玉米/化学玉米/细胞学玉米/药物作用玉米/超微结构

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Convergent pathways for lipochitooligosaccharide and auxin signaling in tobacco cells

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1996年第23期93卷 13389-13392页

作者： Rohrig, H Schmidt, J Walden, R Czaja, I Lubenow, H Wieneke, U Schell, J John, M Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10 D-50829 Köln Germany.

Lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are a novel class of plant growth regulators that activate in tobacco protoplasts the expression of AXI1, a gene implicated in auxin signaling. Transient assays with a chimeric P-AXI-GUS expression plasmid revealed that the N-octadecenoylated monosaccharide GlcN has all structural requirements for a biological active glycolipid, whereas the inactive N-acylated GalN epimer inhibits LCO action. Specific inhibition of LCO and auxin action shows that both signals are transduced within the tobacco cell via separate pathways that converge at or before AXI1 transcription. Cytokinin is suggested to be a common effector of LCO and auxin signaling. We also show that activation of AXI1 correlates with growth factor-induced cell division.

关键词：拟南芥蛋白质类/遗传学印迹法 RNA 细胞分裂/药物作用细胞分裂/遗传学细胞培养的细胞激肽类/药理学剂量效应关系药物药物协同作用基因表达调控植物/药物作用葡糖醛酸糖苷酶/遗传学吲哚乙酸类/药理学脂多糖类/化学脂多糖类/药理学模型遗传学植物生长调节物/化学植物生长调节物/药理学启动区遗传/遗传学原生质体/细胞学原生质体/药物作用原生质体/代谢重组融合蛋白质类/遗传学重组融合蛋白质类/代谢信号传导/遗传学烟草/细胞学转录遗传/药物作用转染

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Culture of cells at perfluorocarbon-aqueous interfaces

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ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999年第3期27卷 255-261页

作者： Lowe, KC Anthony, P Davey, MR Power, JB Univ Nottingham Dept Life Sci Nottingham NG7 2RD England

Protoplasts (wall-less cells) isolated enzymatically from leaf tissues of Manihot esculenta, Passiflora edulis and Petunia parodii, and from cell suspensions of Oryza sativa, Passiflora giberti, Petunia hybrida and Salpiglossis sinuata, were cultured for up to 35 d at an interface between the inert, oxygen-gassed perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquid, perfluorodecalin, overlaid with liquid or semi-solidified aqueous media. The maximum increase in mitotic division, as assessed by initial plating efficiency (IPE) occurred with protoplasts of O. sativa, which showed a 4-fold increase above the control over 35 d. Similar, but less pronounced increases in IPE of 90-103% occurred with S. sinuata, P. giberti and P. parodii following culture with oxygenated PFC. The least responsive species was M. esculenta, where the mean IPE after 25 d was increased by 33% over control. For those totipotent protoplast systems (e.g. P. edulis, P. giberti, O. sativa and P. parodii) phenotypically normal plants were regenerated following initial culture with oxygenated PFC. The advantages of such an interface system include (1) ease of sterilisation of the PFC by autoclaving, (2) the recycleability and, hence, recovery of the PFC, thereby offsetting the high initial costs, and (3) the ability to aspirate cells at the interface.

关键词：细胞培养技术/方法细胞分裂/药物作用氟碳化合物/药理学氧/药理学植物/细胞学植物/药物作用植物/生长和发育原生质体/细胞学原生质体/药物作用

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Fumonisin B1-induced cell death in Arabidopsis protoplasts requires jasmonate-, ethylene-, and salicylate-dependent signaling pathways

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PLANT CELL 2000年第10期12卷 1823-1835页

作者： Asai, T Stone, JM Heard, JE Kovtun, Y Yorgey, P Sheen, J Ausubel, FM Harvard Univ Sch Med Dept Genet Boston MA 02114 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp Dept Mol Biol Boston MA 02114 USA

We have established an Arabidopsis protoplast model system to study plant cell death signaling. The fungal toxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) induces apoptosis-like programmed cell death (PCD) in wild-type protoplasts. FB1, however, only marginally affects the viability of protoplasts isolated from transgenic NahG plants, in which salicylic acid (SA) is metabolically degraded;from pad4-1 mutant plants, in which an SA amplification mechanism is thought to be impaired;or from jar1-1 or etr1-1 mutant plants, which are insensitive to jasmonate (JA) or ethylene (ET), respectively. FB1 susceptibility of wild-type protoplasts decreases in the dark, as does the cellular content of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a light-inducible enzyme involved in SA biosynthesis. Interestingly, however, FB1-induced PCD does not require the SA signal transmitter NPR1, given that npr1-1 protoplasts display wild-type FB1 susceptibility. Arabidopsis cpr1-1, cpr6-1, and acd2-2 protoplasts, in which the SA signaling pathway is constitutively activated, exhibit increased susceptibility to FB1, The cpr6-1 and acd2-2 mutants also constitutively express the JA and ET signaling pathways, but only the acd2-2 protoplasts undergo PCD in the absence of FB1. These results demonstrate that FB1 killing of Arabidopsis is light dependent and requires SA-, JA-, and ET-mediated signaling pathways as well as one or more unidentified factors activated by FB1 and the acd2-2 mutation.

关键词：拟南芥属/细胞学拟南芥属/药物作用拟南芥属/生理学羧酸类/药理学细胞死亡/药物作用环戊烷类/药理学乙烯类/药理学伏马菌素类氧化脂类植物生长调节物/药理学原生质体/细胞学原生质体/药物作用水杨酸盐类/药理学信号传导/药物作用信号传导/生理学

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INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BACTERIAL-MEMBRANES AND PEPTIDOLIPIDS - LYSIS OF MICROCOCCUS-LUTEUS PROTOPLASTS BY DERIVATIVES OF PEPTIDOLIPIDIC ANTIBIOTICS FROM BACILLUS-SUBTILIS

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BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979年第3期552卷 558-562页

作者： BESSON, F PEYPOUX, F MICHEL, G UNIV LYON 1 BIOCHIM MICROBIENNE LAB F-69621 VILLEURBANNE FRANCE

The lysis of protoplasts of M. luteus was tested with various derivatives of 3 peptidolipidic antibiotics: iturin A, mycosubtilin and bacillomycin L. The lytic activity depends on the nature of the substituting group and to the position of the substituted amino acid residue. The acetylation of OH groups leads to a decrease of the lytic activity of the natural antibiotics. The methylation of aspartyl residues of bacillomycin L gives a strong lytic activity while natural bacillomycin L has no lytic activity. The methylation of the tyrosyl residue enhances the lytic activities of iturin A and of bacillomycin L-dimethyl ester and reduces that of mycosubtilin. Correlations between the structures of derivatives and their lytic action on M. luteus protoplasts are discussed.

关键词：抗菌药/药理学芽孢杆菌枯草细胞膜/药物作用细胞膜/超微结构脂肪酸类微球菌属/超微结构寡肽类/药理学肽类环/药理学原生质体/药物作用原生质体/超微结构构效关系

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Synthesis and biological activity of 4′-methoxy derivatives of abscisic acid

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BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2000年第14期10卷 1571-1574页

作者： Asami, T Min, YK Nakano, T Matsuyama, T Murofushi, N Yamaguchi, I Yoshida, S RIKEN Wako Saitama 3510178 Japan Univ Tokyo Dept Appl Biol Chem Bunkyo Ku Tokyo 1138657 Japan

Replacing the 4'-carbonyl group of abscisic acid with a methoxy group does not affect the abscisic acid (ABA)-like activities of the product in barley aleurone protoplasts, although the reduction of ABA to 4'-hydroxyl derivatives significantly reduces the ABA-like activity of the products. This suggests that methoxy derivatives of abscisic acid might be used to produce probes for ABA binding proteins. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词：脱落酸类/类似物和衍生物脱落酸类/化学合成脱落酸类/化学脱落酸类/药理学药物设计酶诱导/药物作用大麦属/酶学分子结构植物生长调节物/化学合成植物生长调节物/化学植物生长调节物/药理学原生质体/药物作用原生质体/酶学构效关系 α淀粉酶类/生物合成

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