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Stress hormone dysregulation at rest and after serotonergic stimulation among alcohol-dependent men with extended abstinence and controls

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ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2001年第5期25卷 692-703页

作者： Anthenelli, RM Maxwell, RA Geracioti, TD Hauger, R Cincinnati Vet Affairs Med Ctr Mental Hlth Serv Line 116A Subst Dependence Program Cincinnati OH 45220 USA Univ Cincinnati Coll Med Dept Psychiat Cincinnati OH USA Univ Calif San Diego VA Healthcare Syst San Diego CA USA Univ Calif San Diego Dept Psychiat San Diego CA 92103 USA

Background: Alcohol dependence has been associated with long-lasting alterations in limbic-hypohalamic-pituitary-adrenal (LHPA) axis and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) function. Other conditions that are associated with alcoholism (cigarette smoking and antisocial personality disorder [ASPD]) have been linked with disturbances in these interrelated systems. We evaluated the stress hormone response to 5-HTergic stimulation in alcohol-dependent men with extended abstinence (average abstinence duration, 4.3 months) and controls to determine the relative contributions of alcoholism, cigarette smoking, and ASPD on baseline and provoked plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) concentrations. Methods: One hundred nine alcohol-abstinent men with alcohol dependence (62%), habitual smoking (70%), and ASPD (43%) received D,L-fenfluramine (100 mg po) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. The group of recovering alcohol-dependent individuals included abstinent primary alcohol-dependent men and alcohol-dependent men with ASPD, whereas the group of non-alcohol-dependent men comprised healthy controls and non-alcohol-dependent men with ASPD. plasma cortisol and ACTH levels were obtained at AM baseline and at half-hour intervals after drug administration. Subjective ratings of drug response and physiological measures were also obtained at baseline and every 30 min. Results: Abstinent alcohol-dependent men had significantly lower (approximately 20%) AM baseline plasma cortisol concentrations than non-alcohol-dependent men on both challenge days;however, no differences between the groups were observed with regard to resting AM plasma ACTH levels. After adjusting for these baseline differences. recovering alcohol-dependent men (area under curve = 35.6 +/- 37.4 [mug/dl] x min) had a twofold greater cortisol response to fenfluramine than non-alcohol-dependent men (area under curve = 17.5 +/- 32.5 [mug/dl] x min) (F = 5.1;df = 1,105;p <

关键词：促肾上腺皮质激素/血液促肾上腺皮质激素/药物作用酒精中毒/血液酒精中毒/心理学方差分析反社会性人格障碍/血液反社会性人格障碍/心理学卡方分布交叉研究双盲法芬氟拉明/药理学氢化可的松/血液下丘脑-垂体系统/药物作用下丘脑-垂体系统/代谢血清素摄取抑制药/药理学吸烟/血液禁酒/心理学成年人人类男(雄)性中年人

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Criminality and antisocial behaviour in unselected men with sex chromosome abnormalities

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PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 1999年第4期29卷 953-962页

作者： Götz, MJ Johnstone, EC Ratcliffe, SG Royal Edinburgh Hosp Dept Psychiat Edinburgh Midlothian Scotland Inst Child Hlth London England

Background. Previous studies on male patients with sex chromosome abnormalities (SCA), namely XYY and XXY, suggest that such patients commit criminal acts more frequently than expected. Most of these studies are affected by ascertainment bias. Methods. Using a population-based sample of men with SCA, identified by screening 34380 infants at birth between 1967 and 1979, comparison between 16 XYY men, 13 XXY men and 45 controls were made in terms of frequency of antisocial personality disorder (APD) using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia lifetime version. Rates of criminal convictions were examined in 17 XYY men, 17 XXY men and 60 controls. Results. XW males showed a significantly higher frequency of antisocial behaviour in adolescence and adulthood and of criminal convictions than the controls, but multiple regression analysis showed this to be mediated mainly through lowered intelligence. Property offences constituted the majority of offences in all groups. The XXY men did not show an increased rate of criminal convictions. It is possible that this apparently negative result relates to the relatively small numbers of cases and hence low power of this study. Conclusions. The findings of this study carry the advantage of not being affected by ascertainment bias and the disadvantage of having low power. It provides evidence for a slightly increased liability to antisocial behaviour in XYY men.

关键词：反社会性人格障碍/诊断反社会性人格障碍/遗传学反社会性人格障碍/心理学罪行/心理学疾病遗传易感性/遗传学危险因素苏格兰性染色体畸变/诊断性染色体畸变/遗传学性染色体畸变/心理学 X染色体 XYY染色体核型/诊断 XYY染色体核型/遗传学 XYY染色体核型/心理学 Y染色体青少年成年人人类男(雄)性

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Antisocial personality disorder: diagnostic, ethical and treatment issues

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Issues in Mental Health Nursing 1999年第3期20卷 247-258页

作者： Kaylor, Lynda Cambridge Hosp. Psychiat. E.S. Choate Emergency Services Lowell MA United States Behav. Hlth. S. Middx. O.C. Framingham MA United States Cambridge Hosp. Psychiat. E. Cambridge MA United States MS Westford MA 12 Buckingham Drive United States

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a complex disorder that creates a diagnostic, ethical, and treatment dilemma for mental health professionals. Psychosocial, biological, and cultural influences play a role in the development of ASPD. People with ASPD often had harsh early childhoods that impaired their ability to trust in adulthood. Research supports intriguing biological links, but it remains unclear if biological differences are the cause or the effect of ASPD. Individualism, patriarchy, and widespread media violence create the cultural context for the development of ASPD. ASPD is difficult to clinically diagnose and treat, and there is controversy concerning whether ASPD is a psychiatric or a legal ethical problem. However, the management of ASPD often falls to mental health services. This article addresses treatment and primary prevention of ASPD in a way that is relevant to mental health practice.

关键词：反社会性人格障碍/诊断反社会性人格障碍/病因学反社会性人格障碍/心理学反社会性人格障碍/治疗虐待儿童/心理学伦理学护理一级预防/方法精神病护理学/方法危险因素社会环境暴力/心理学成年人儿童人类

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Low-dose risperidone for the irritable medically ill patient

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PSYCHOSOMATICS 2000年第1期41卷 69-71页

作者： Lerner, DM Schuetz, L Holland, S Rubinov, DR Rosenstein, DL NIMH Psychiat Consultat Liaison Serv Off Clin Director NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA

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Antisocial behavioral syndromes and return to drug use following residential relapse prevention/health education treatment

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2001年第3期27卷 453-482页

作者： Goldstein, RB Bigelow, C McCusker, J Lewis, BF Mundt, KA Powers, SI Univ Calif Los Angeles Dept Psychiat Ctr Community Hlth Los Angeles CA 90024 USA Univ Massachusetts Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci Dept Biostat & Epidemiol Amherst MA 01003 USA McGill Univ Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Montreal PQ Canada St Marys Hosp Dept Clin Epidemiol & Community Studies Montreal PQ Canada Dartmouth Coll Hitchcock Med Ctr Dartmouth Med Sch Dept Psychiat Hanover NH 03756 USA Univ Massachusetts Dept Psychol Amherst MA 01003 USA

This study compared residential addiction treatment clients meeting full DSM-III-R criteria for antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with those reporting syndromal levels of antisocial behavior only in adulthood (AABS) on time to and severity of first post-treatment drug use. Antisocial syndrome and selected other mental disorders were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Revised for DSM-III-R, and validity of self-reported posttreatment drug behavior was measured against results of hair analysis. Among subjects followed within 180 days after treatment exit, individuals with ASPD were at modestly increased risk of a first lapse episode compared to those with AABS. However, the two groups did not differ in severity of lapse. Participants with ASPD demonstrated poorer agreement between self-reported posttreatment drug behavior and hair data. These results add to the evidence suggesting that the DSM requirement for childhood onset in ASPD may be clinically important among substance abusers in identifying a severely antisocial and chronically addicted group at elevated risk for early posttreatment recidivism. Our findings support the importance of careful classification of antisocial syndromes among substance abusers and the identification of characteristics of these syndromes that underlie clients' risks for post-treatment return to drug use to provide optimally individualized treatment planning.

关键词：反社会性人格障碍/心理学行为症状/心理学住院时间精神病状态评定量表复发寄托治疗自我揭露物质滥用检测/心理学物质相关性障碍/病理生理学物质相关性障碍/心理学时间因素成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Predicting parenting behaviors from Antisocial Practices content scale scores of the MMPI-2 administered during pregnancy

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JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT 2000年第1期74卷 146-162页

作者： Bosquet, M Egeland, B Univ Minnesota Inst Child Dev Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

This article examines the relation between scores on the Antisocial practices (ASP) content scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2;Butcher. Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) and parenting behaviors in a sample of low-income women. during pregnancy, 141 women were administered the MMPI-2 and then placed into 1 of 3 groups: an antisocial, nonclinical, or clinical control group. When their children were 13 and 24 months old, antisocial mothers were observed to be less understanding and more hostile and harsh in their parenting styles than mothers in the other groups. The nonclinical and clinical control groups did not differ on any measures. Other MMPI-2 measures of antisocial behavior were not predictive of harsh parenting styles. These findings support the predictive and construct validity of the ASP content scale of the MMPI-2.

关键词：反社会性人格障碍/诊断反社会性人格障碍/心理学病例对照研究随访研究交谈心理学 MMPI 母亲行为明尼苏达母子关系行使父母职责/心理学试验预期值妊娠并发症/诊断妊娠并发症/心理学青少年成年人儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿妊娠

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Associations among family relationships, antisocial peers, and adolescents' externalizing behaviors: Gender and family type differences

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1999年第5期70卷 1209-1230页

作者： Kim, JE Hetherington, EM Reiss, D Cornell Univ Cornell Employment & Family Careers Inst Ithaca NY 14853 USA Univ Virginia Charlottesville VA USA George Washington Univ Washington DC USA

This study investigated the relations among parenting, sibling relationship, peer group, and adolescent externalizing behaviors. With data obtained from a sample of 341 male and 313 female adolescents (M age = 14.4 years) and their parents and siblings from nonstepfamilies and stepfather families, cross-sectional analyses supported the hypothesis that the contributions of parental negativity, parental monitoring, and sibling negativity to adolescents' externalizing behaviors would operate directly and also indirectly through deviant peer associations. The findings of multigroup comparison analyses suggested that the relationships between family and peer correlates and adolescent externalizing behaviors vary as a function of family type and adolescent gender.

关键词：青春期行为/心理学青春期心理学反社会性人格障碍/心理学横断面研究家庭/心理学家庭关系双亲/心理学同侪集群问卷调查性征青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Sex differences in the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior: Results from two twin studies

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CHILD DEVELOPMENT 1999年第1期70卷 155-168页

作者： Eley, TC Lichtenstein, P Stevenson, J Inst Psychiat Genet & Dev Psychiat Res Ctr London SE5 8AF England Karolinska Inst Inst Environm Med S-10401 Stockholm Sweden Univ Southampton Dept Psychol Southampton SO9 5NH Hants England

Recent theory and results from twin and adoption studies of children and adolescents suggest greater genetic influence on aggressive as compared to nonaggressive antisocial behavior. Ln addition, quantitative or qualitative differences in the etiology of these behaviors in males and females have been indicated in the literature. The Child Behavior Checklist was completed by the parents of 1022 Swedish twin pairs aged 7-9 years and of 501 British twin pairs aged 8-16 years. Genetic factors influenced aggressive antisocial behavior to a far greater extent than nonaggressive antisocial behavior, which was also significantly influenced by the shared environment. There was a significant sex difference in the etiology of nonaggressive antisocial behavior. Bivariate analyses supported the conclusion that the etiologies of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior differ for males and females.

关键词：攻击反社会性人格障碍/诊断反社会性人格障碍/遗传学反社会性人格障碍/心理学环境问卷调查性别因素双生/心理学青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Childhood predictors of violent behavior

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999年第7期55卷 843-855页

作者： Friedman, AS Kramer, S Kreisher, C Belmont Ctr Comprehens Treatment Philadelphia PA 19113 USA

In this study, prospective childhood data from birth to 7 years of age were used to determine predictors of subsequent violent behavior. The childhood predictors found for the girls accounted for more variance in the reported later violent offenses. 24.9% compared to 3.8% for the boys. This large difference may be due partly to the fact that violent behavior is more unusual among girls, thus, those girls who are violent are more readily differentiated from the others. The only two early childhood variables that were found to predict for both genders were: (a) less normal behavior and (b) presence of deviant or stereotyped behavior. Thus, abnormal behavior in childhood can be considered to be a fairly reliable predictor to greater likelihood of later violent behavior. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/心理学反社会性人格障碍/诊断反社会性人格障碍/心理学儿童行为障碍/诊断儿童行为障碍/心理学随访研究人格评价人格发展危险因素暴力/心理学青少年成年人儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性

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Personality disorders, psychopathy, and crime in a Norwegian prison population

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 1999年第1期22卷 91-97页

作者： Rasmussen, K Storsæter, O Levander, S Sor Trondelag Psychiat Hosp Forens Unit Broset N-7002 Trondheim Norway Malmo Ostra Sjukhus Malmo Sweden

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