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Influence of speech stimuli intensity on the activation of auditory cortex investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging

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JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1999年第5期105卷 2738-2745页

作者： Mohr, CM King, WM Freeman, AJ Briggs, RW Leonard, CM Univ Florida Dept Nucl & Radiol Engn Sci Gainesville FL 32610 USA Univ Florida Dept Commun Sci & Disorders Gainesville FL 32611 USA SMIS Ltd Guildford GU23 5YF Surrey England Univ Florida Dept Radiol Gainesville FL 32610 USA Univ Florida Dept Chem Gainesville FL 32610 USA Univ Florida Dept Mol Biol & Biochem Gainesville FL 32610 USA Univ Florida Dept Neurosci Gainesville FL 32610 USA

Understanding the impact of variations in the acoustic signal is critical for the development of auditory and language fMRI as an experimental tool. We describe the dependence of the BOLD signal and speech intelligibility on the intensity of auditory stimuli. Eighteen subjects were imaged on a 1.5-T MRI scanner. Speech stimuli were English monosyllabic words played at five intensity levels. Intrasubject reproducibility was measured on one subject by presenting the stimulus five times at the same intensity level. Intelligibility was measured during data acquisition as subjects signaled when hearing two targets. Each functional trial consisted of four cycles (30 s off-30 s on). Five oblique slices covering primary and association auditory areas were imaged. Activated voxels were identified by cross-correlation analysis and their percent signal change (Delta S) was measured. Intersubject differences in activation extent, asymmetry, and dependence on intensity were striking. Volume of activation was significantly greater in the left than in the right hemisphere. Intrasubject reproducibility for Delta S was higher than for volume of activation. Delta S and intelligibility showed a similar dependence on intensity suggesting that not only intensity but also intelligibility affect the fMRI signal. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)01404-6].

关键词：听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学磁共振成像言语知觉/生理学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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NEUROIMAGE 1999年第4期10卷 417-429页

作者： Belin, P Zatorre, RJ Hoge, R Evans, AC Pike, B McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Neuropsychol Cognit Neurosci Unit Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst McConnell Brain Imaging Ctr Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada

An event-related protocol was designed to permit auditory fMRI studies minimally affected by the echoplanar noise artifact;a long time interval (TR = 10 s) between each cerebral volume acquisition was combined with stroboscopic data acquisition, and event-related curves were reconstructed with a 1-s resolution. The cerebral hemodynamic-response time course to a target auditory stimulus was measured in five individual subjects using this method. Clear bell-shaped event-related responses were observed bilaterally in all individuals in primary auditory cortex (A1) as well as in laterally extending secondary cortical fields. Group-average event-related curves attained their maxima (0.5-0.7%) 3 s after stimulus onset in Al (4 s for more anterior and lateral regions of auditory cortex), and signal had returned to near-baseline level 6 s after stimulus onset. The stroboscopic event-related method appeared effective in minimizing effects of the interaction between scanning noise and experimental auditory stimulation;it adds useful temporal information to the spatial resolution afforded by fMRI in studies of human auditory function, while allowing presentation of auditory stimuli on a silent background. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

关键词：声刺激听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉皮质/血液供给听觉皮质/生理学脑图/方法脑血管循环诱发电位听觉/生理学磁共振成像/方法局部血流成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Subdivisions of auditory cortex and processing streams in primates

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2000年第22期97卷 11793-11799页

作者： Kaas, JH Hackett, TA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Psychol Nashville TN 37240 USA Vanderbilt Univ Dept Speech & Hearing Sci Nashville TN 37240 USA

The auditory system of monkeys includes a large number of interconnected subcortical nuclei and cortical areas. At subcortical levels, the structural components of the auditory system of monkeys resemble those of nonprimates, but the organization at cortical levels is different. In monkeys, the ventral nucleus of the medial geniculate complex projects in parallel to a core of three primary-like auditory areas, Al, R, and RT, constituting the first stage of cortical processing. These areas interconnect and project to the homotopic and other locations in the opposite cerebral hemisphere and to a surrounding array of eight proposed belt areas as a second stage of cortical processing. The belt areas in turn project in overlapping patterns to a lateral parabelt region with at least rostral and caudal subdivisions as a third stage of cortical processing. The divisions of the parabelt distribute to adjoining auditory and multimodal regions of the temporal lobe and to four functionally distinct regions of the frontal lobe. Histochemically, chimpanzees and humans have an auditory core that closely resembles that of monkeys. The challenge for future researchers is to understand how this complex system in monkeys analyzes and utilizes auditory information.

关键词：听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉皮质/生理学听觉灵长目/生理学动物人类

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PROJECTIONS FROM CORTEX TO TECTUM IN THE TREE SHREW, TUPAIA-GLIS

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JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY 1979年第2期185卷 253-291页

作者： CASSEDAY, JH JONES, DR DIAMOND, IT DUKE UNIV DEPT SURG DURHAM NC 27710 USA DUKE UNIV DEPT PSYCHOL DURHAM NC 27710 USA

Sensory neocortex of the tree shrew was divided into 3 main areas: the visual field, the auditory field and the somatic field which includes motor cortex. Cortical cells which project to the tectum were identified by injecting HRP [horseradish peroxidase] into superficial or deep layers of the superior colliculus and into various parts of the inferior colliculus. These descending projections are well organized according to their origin in the 3 main sensory fields of the cortex. Auditory field: labeled cells are found only in the core or auditory koniocortex, after injections of HRP in the pericentral area of the inferior colliculus;labeled cells are found in auditory belt areas after injections in posterior parts of the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus, adjacent to the inferior colliculus. Somatic field: labeled cells are also found in the somatic field after injections in the intermediate and deep layers of the superior colliculus, so that auditory and somatic fields probably overlap to some extent. The possibility that somatic koniocortex has an exclusive target in the intermediate or deep layers of the superior colliculus is not excluded. Visual field: labeled cells are found only in the core or striate cortex after injections in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus. Labeled cells are found in the visual belt after injections in the rostral parts of the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus. When these results are related to ascending sensory pathways a picture emerges of a series of circuits or loops which interconnect parallel sensory pathways. These loops eventually reach the deep layers of the superior colliculus which of course have indirect access to motor neurons.

关键词：听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉通路/解剖学和组织学脑图脑干/解剖学和组织学大脑皮质/解剖学和组织学神经通路/解剖学和组织学原猴亚目/解剖学和组织学丘脑核/解剖学和组织学树鼩科/解剖学和组织学视皮质/解剖学和组织学视通路/解剖学和组织学动物

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Organization of inhibitory frequency receptive fields in cat primary auditory cortex

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1999年第5期82卷 2358-2371页

作者： Sutter, ML Schreiner, CE McLean, M O'Connor, KN Loftus, WC Univ Calif Davis Ctr Neurosci Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Calif Davis Sect Neurobiol Physiol & Behav Davis CA 95616 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Sloan Ctr Theoret Neurobiol WM Keck Ctr Integrat Neurosci Coleman Lab San Francisco CA 94143 USA Univ Calif San Francisco Dept Otolaryngol San Francisco CA 94143 USA

Organization of inhibitory frequency receptive fields in cat primary auditory cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 2358-2371, 1999. Based on properties of excitatory frequency (spectral) receptive fields (esRFs), previous studies have indicated that cat primary auditory cortex (A1) is composed of functionally distinct dorsal and ventral subdivisions. Dorsal A1 (A1d) has been suggested to be involved in analyzing complex spectral patterns, whereas ventral A1 (A1v) appears better suited for analyzing narrowband sounds. However, these studies were based on single-tone stimuli and did not consider how neuronal responses to tones are modulated when the tones are part of a more complex acoustic environment. In the visual and peripheral auditory systems, stimulus components outside of the esRF can exert strong modulatory effects on responses. We investigated the organization of inhibitory frequency regions outside of the pure-tone esRF in single neurons in cat A1. We found a high incidence of inhibitory response areas (in 95% of sampled neurons) and a wide variety in the structure of inhibitory bands ranging from a single band to more than four distinct inhibitory regions. Unlike the auditory nerve where most fibers possess two surrounding "lateral" suppression bands, only 38% of A1 cells had this simple structure. The word lateral is defined in this sense to be inhibition or suppression that extends beyond the low- and high-frequency borders of the esRF. Regional differences in the distribution of inhibitory RF structure across A1 were evident. In Aid, only 16% of the cells had simple two-banded lateral RF organization, whereas 50% of A1v cells had this organization. This nonhemogeneous topographic distribution of inhibitory properties is consistent with the hypothesis that A1 is composed of at least two functionally distinct subdivisions that may be part of different auditory cortical processing streams.

关键词：声刺激听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉皮质/生理学听觉通路/生理学听觉/生理学脑图猫/生理学耳蜗神经/生理学诱发电位听觉/生理学功能偏侧化神经元/生理学音调辨别动物

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Native language, gender, and functional organization of the auditory cortex

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1999年第18期96卷 10460-10465页

作者： Salmelin, R Schnitzler, A Parkkonen, L Biermann, K Helenius, P Kiviniemi, K Kuukka, K Schmitz, F Freund, HJ Aalto Univ Low Temp Lab Brain Res Unit FIN-02015 Espoo Finland Univ Dusseldorf Dept Neurol D-40225 Dusseldorf Germany

Whole-head magnetoencephalography was employed in 40 normal subjects to investigate whether the basic functional organization of the auditory cortex varies with linguistic environment. Robust activations of the bilateral supratemporal auditory cortices to 1-kHz pure tones, maximum at about 100 ms after stimulus onset, were studied in Finnish and German female and male subject groups with monolingual background. Activations elicited by the tones were mutually indistinguishable in German and Finnish women, In contrast, German men showed significantly stronger auditory responses to pure tones in the left, language-dominant hemisphere than Finnish men, We discuss the possibility that the prominent left-hemisphere activation in German males reflects higher frequency resolution required for distinguishing between German than Finnish vowels and that the clear effect of native language in male but not in female auditory cortex derives from more pronounced functional lateralization in men. The present data suggest that the influence of native language can extend to auditory cortical processing of pure-tone stimuli with no linguistic content and that this effect is conspicuous in the male brain.

关键词：声刺激注意力听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉皮质/生理学听觉脑图芬兰功能偏侧化德国语言脑磁图描记术/方法阅读性征视知觉成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Voice-selective areas in human auditory cortex

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NATURE 2000年第6767期403卷 309-312页

作者： Belin, P Zatorre, RJ Lafaille, P Ahad, P Pike, B McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Neuropsychol Cognit Neurosci Unit Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada McGill Univ Dept Psychol Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada McGill Univ McConnel Brain Imaging Ctr Montreal PQ H3A 2B4 Canada

The human voice contains in its acoustic structure a wealth of information on the speaker's identity and emotional state which we perceive with remarkable ease and accuracy(1-3). Although the perception of speaker-related features of voice plays a major role in human communication, little is known about its neural basis(4-7) Here:we show, using functional magnetic resonance imaging in human volunteers, that voice-selective regions can be found bilaterally along the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus (STS), These regions showed greater neuronal activity when subjects listened passively to vocal sounds, whether speech or non-speech, than to non-vocal environmental sounds. Central STS regions also displayed a high degree of selectivity by responding significantly more to vocal sounds than to matched control stimuli, including scrambled voices and amplitude-modulated noise. Moreover, their response to stimuli degraded by frequency filtering paralleled the subjects' behavioural performance in voice-perception tasks that used these stimuli. The voice-selective areas in the STS may represent the counterpart of the face-selective areas in human visual cortex(8,9);their existence sheds new light on the functional architecture of the human auditory cortex.

关键词：声刺激听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉皮质/生理学听觉脑图磁共振成像神经元/生理学噪声言语语音成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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'What', 'where' and 'how' in auditory cortex

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NATURE NEUROSCIENCE 2000年第10期3卷 965-966页

作者： Belin, P Zatorre, RJ McGill Univ Montreal Neurol Inst Neuropsychol Cognit Neurosci Unit Montreal PQ Canada

Proposes a model of functional segregation in the auditory cortex. Identification of sound sources; Speech perception.

关键词：听觉皮质/解剖学和组织学听觉通路/解剖学和组织学动物人类

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