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College binge drinking: What is it? Who does it?

ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2002年第5期26卷 723-730页

作者： Lange, JE Clapp, JD Turrisi, R Reavy, R Jaccard, J Johnson, MB Voas, RB Larimer, M San Diego State Univ Student Hlth Serv San Diego CA 92182 USA San Diego State Univ Sch Social Work San Diego CA 92182 USA Univ Washington Psychiat & Behav Sci & Addict Behav Res Ctr Seattle WA 98195 USA Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat Calverton MD USA SUNY Albany Dept Psychol Albany NY 12222 USA Boise State Univ Dept Psychol Boise ID 83725 USA

This article presents research included in the symposium at the 2001 Research Society on Alcoholism meeting in Montreal, Canada. James Lange was the organizer and provided the introduction of this article. Gayle Boyd was the chairperson, and Mary Larimer was the discussant. The presentations were (1) Defining binge-drinking quantities through resulting BACs, by James E. Lange and Robert B. Voas;(2) Environmental predictors of heavy episodic drinking events, by John D. Clapp;(3) Parents' continuing role in college binge drinking, by Rob Turrisi, Racheal Taki, and James Jaccard;and (4) Motivations of binge drinkers, by Mark B. Johnson, Robert B. Voas, and James E. Large. The summary and discussion were provided by Mary Larimer.

关键词：饮酒/流行病学饮酒/心理学环境动机双亲/心理学患病率学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据大学/统计学和数值数据大学/发展趋势女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Patients' satisfaction with dental services provided by a university in Hong Kong

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INTERNATIONAL DENTAL JOURNAL 1999年第1期49卷 53-59页

作者： Chu, CH Lo, ECM Univ Hong Kong Fac Dent 34 Hosp Rd Hong Kong Peoples R China

This study was a consumer evaluation of the dental care services provided by a university dental clinic in I-long Kong which provides dental care to all university students and staff and their dependants. The objectives of this study were to study the consumers' satisfaction with the dental services;to identify their reasons for not using the dental services;and to compare the opinions of the students with those of the university staff and their spouses. A total of 140 students and 180 staff and their spouses were randomly selected for this study. The response rates were 100 per cent for students and 77 per cent for staff and their spouses. Results showed that both groups of respondents were satisfied with the quality of dental services provided by the university dental clinic. However, they were not satisfied with the long waiting time for an appointment. Students who had not attended the university dental clinic commonly stated that they were busy and had no time for a dental visit. Conversely, many staff and their spouses did not seek care from the university dental clinic because they thought that the fees were high. Although the overall Dental Satisfaction Index (DSI) scores for the students (64.5) and staff and their spouses (65.1) were similar, there were differences in the aspects of the services with which the two group were satisfied or dissatisfied. Thus if the university dental clinic wants to implement changes so as to improve consumer satisfaction and utilisation, a careful analysis of the specific opinions of its various consumer groups is required.

关键词：卡方分布牙科保健服务/人力牙科保健服务/统计学和数值数据牙科保健服务/利用香港病人满意度/统计学和数值数据问卷调查学生保健服务/人力学生保健服务/统计学和数值数据学生保健服务/利用学生/统计学和数值数据人类

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An individual in context: Predictors of alcohol use and drinking problems among Greek and residence hall students

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JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2000年第1期11卷 53-68页

作者： Larimer, ME Anderson, BK Baer, JS Marlatt, GA Univ Washington Dept Psychol Seattle WA 98195 USA

Fraternity, sorority, and residence hall residents were compared on drinking rates and patterns drinking-related problems, family history of alcohol problems, alcohol outcome expectancies, and high school drinking patterns. Results indicated residence in a fraternity was related to move frequent alcohol consumption and greater negative consequences even after accounting for family history, expectancies, and high school drinking rates. Family history of alcohol problems was only related to negative consequences for men. Only high school drinking rates were related to amount of alcohol consumed per occasion, for both men and women. Fraternity residence was found to be related to more negative consequences even after accounting for current drinking habits. However sorority residence was found to moderate the relationship between current drinking and negative consequences. Both high and low drinkers in sororities indicated similar rates of alcohol-related negative consequences, whereas high frequency female drinkers in the residence hall sample reported significantly more problems.

关键词：酒精中毒/流行病学酒精中毒/遗传学酒精中毒/心理学儿童病残父母的/心理学危险因素社会遵从社会环境学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in college students

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000年第7期109卷 586-588页

作者： Katz, JN Amick, BC Carroll, BB Hollis, C Fossel, AH Coley, CM Brigham & Womens Hosp Div Rheumatol Allergy & Immunol Robert B Brigham Multipurpose Arthrit & Musculosk Boston MA 02115 USA Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth Houston TX USA Inst Work & Hlth Toronto ON Canada Harvard Univ Hlth Sci Harvard Coll Cambridge MA USA Harvard Univ Sch Med Boston MA USA

Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders are the fastest growing source of disability in the US workplace (1,2), affecting workers of all ages, including those less than 25 years old (3). Computer work for 4 or more hours per day doubles the risk of these disorders (4). The association of upper extremity disorders with prolonged computer work and their emergence in younger workers (3) suggest that college students may also be at risk.

关键词：方差分析臂损伤/并发症臂损伤/流行病学运动损伤/并发症运动损伤/流行病学计算机累积创伤/并发症累积创伤/流行病学 Logistic模型肌骨骼疾病/流行病学比值比疼痛/流行病学疼痛/病因学患病率性别分布学生/统计学和数值数据美国/流行病学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Invited commentary: Height-cardiovascular disease relation: Where to go from here?

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 2002年第8期155卷 688-689页

作者： Miura, K Nakagawa, H Greenland, P Kanazawa Med Univ Dept Publ Hlth Uchinada Ishikawa 9200293 Japan Northwestern Univ Sch Med Dept Prevent Med Chicago IL USA

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Why are residential and school moves associated with poor school performance?

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DEMOGRAPHY 1999年第4期36卷 521-534页

作者： Pribesh, S Downey, DB Ohio State Univ Dept Sociol Columbus OH 43210 USA

Most research on residential mobility has documented a clear pattern: Residential and school moves are associated with poor academic performance. Explanations for this relationship, however remain speculative. Some researchers argue that moving affects so- cial relationships that are important to academic achievement. But the association between moving and school performance may be spurious: the negative correlation may be a function of other characteristics of people who move often. We offer several conceptual and analytical refinements to these ideas, allowing us to produce more precise tests than past researchers. Using longitudinal data, we find that differences in achievement between movers and nonmovers are partially a result of declines in social relationships experienced by students who move. Most of the negative effect of moving, however, is dice to preexisting differences between the two groups.

关键词：儿童心理学横断面研究教育程度人际关系最小二乘法分析生活变动事件纵向研究模型心理学模型统计学问卷调查研究设计居住流动性/统计学和数值数据院校/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素应激心理学/病因学应激心理学/心理学学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据美国儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Anxiety and depression among law students: Current knowledge and future directions

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LAW AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR 1999年第1期23卷 55-73页

作者： Dammeyer, MM Nunez, N Univ Wyoming Dept Psychol Laramie WY 82071 USA

Increased psychology-law collaboration has yielded great strides over the past 20 years. However one area of research that remains overlooked involves the psychological well-being of law students. The purpose of this article is to review and evaluate the existing literature on anxiety and depression among law students. This literature suggests that self-reports of anxiety and depression are significantly higher among law students than among either the general population or medical students. Recommendations for advancing knowledge in this area include developing hypothesis-driven research, using measures that adequately discriminate between anxiety and depression, and testing alternative hypotheses regarding the origins of law student distress.

关键词：焦虑症/诊断焦虑症/流行病学焦虑症/病因学焦虑症/心理学抑郁症/诊断抑郁症/流行病学抑郁症/病因学抑郁症/心理学法学精神病状态评定量表可重复性结果研究危险因素学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据人类

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 1999年第1期88卷 304-316页

作者： Chung, PK Yuen, CK Hong Kong Sports Dev Board Sports Inst Elite Training Grp Shatin Peoples R China

To examine the criterion-related validity of traditional, modified, and YMCA sit-and-reach tests and the relationships of these with abdominal muscular strength and endurance measured by the sit-up tear, 52 university men of mean age 20.7 yr. were administered two trials of six measurements in counterbalanced order, including traditional, modified, and YMCA sit-and-reach tests, passive straight-leg raise, low-back flexibility evaluation, and 1-min. sit-up test. Pearson product-moment correlations were significant (p<.05) for traditional and modified sit-anti-reach tests with hamstrings' flexibility (rs=.71 and .77, respectively), Also, the YMCA sit-and-reach test was significantly associated with hamstrings' flexibility (r=.64) and low-back flexibility (r=. 47). Stepwise multiple regression indicated hamstrings' flexibility was the only significant predictor of traditional and modified sit-and-reach rests, explaining the variances of 59.1% and 19.8%, respectively. However, both hamstring and low-back flexibility were significant predictors fur the YMCA sit-and-reach test, which in total accounted for 52.2% of explained variance. Traditional and modified sit-and-reach tests are valid in assessing hamstrings' flexibility only, whereas the YMCA sit-and-reach test is valid for measuring both the hamstring and low-back flexibility.

关键词：腹肌/生理学生物力学运动试验/统计学和数值数据用力/生理学香港肌收缩/生理学身体耐力/生理学身体素质/生理学性别因素学生/统计学和数值数据大学青少年成年人人类男(雄)性

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Song repertoire across the generations: A comparison of music therapy majors' and senior citizens' recognitions

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JOURNAL OF MUSIC THERAPY 2000年第3期37卷 196-204页

作者： Prickett, CA Bridges, MS Univ Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA Belmont Univ Nashville TN 37212 USA

This study examined whether a basic song repertoire of folk-type melodies which can be accompanied with principal triads exists in the senior citizen population and compared this repertoire with that of music therapy students An audiotape of the tunes of 25 standard songs, assumed in previous research to be known by everyone who has finished 6th grade, was played for undergraduate music therapy students (N = 78) and for healthy, active senior citizens (N = 78). None of the senior citizens had received any music therapy services, although many were involved in music activities such as the senior choir at church. Music therapy majors identified significantly more tunes than did the older listeners. Further analysis indicated that there is a good deaf of overlap in the repertoires of these two groups. Sixteen tunes were recognized by 80% of therapy students;10 songs were recognized by 80% of the seniors;the 10 songs identified by these seniors were 10 of the top I I identified by the college students ("Kumbaya" was not known by the older listeners). Six songs could not be named by 50% of the students;7 songs could not be named by 50% of the seniors;these two lists contained five common selections ("Oh Shenandoah," "Kookaburra," "Down in the Valley," "Shalom Chaverim," and "Tinga Layo"). Given the growth of the senior segment of the American population, the expansion of services for them, and the popularity of including music activities among these services, if would appear that music therapy students' basic knowledge of a repertoire of songs which are known to older people and which can easily be accompanied with principal triads is adequate, even though the range of songs which could be identified was broad (11-24) and the mean correctly named was merely 70.82% of a set which other investigators, teachers, and professional organizations have said represent a minimal repertoire for ail citizens beyond the 6th grade.

关键词：年龄因素音乐音乐疗法/教育识别(心理学) 学生/统计学和数值数据磁带录音录像美国成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children

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JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH 1999年第4期15卷 365-374页

作者： McMurray, RG Harrell, JS Bangdiwala, SI Deng, SB Univ N Carolina Sch Nursing Chapel Hill NC 27514 USA Univ N Carolina Dept Biostat Chapel Hill NC USA

Previous studies on the influence of a rural/urban setting on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children have nor sufficiently controlled for socioeconomic status, race, gender, and perhaps, may not have included a representative sample of rural and urban children. This study compared the cardiovascular disease risk factors and rate of obesity of children living in rural and urban settings. If also determined the magnitude of the effect of the rural/urban setting on cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity when controlling for race, socioeconomic status, and gender The subjects were 2,113 third- and fourth-grade children;962 from an urban setting and 1,151 from a rural setting. Height, weight, skinfolds, resting blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels were measured. Aerobic power ((p)VO(2)max) was estimated from cycle ergometry. Physical activity and smoking history were obtained from a questionnaire. Clustering analyses using adjustment for sample error indicated that total cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, and physical activity levels of rural and urban children were not different (P>0.10);however, body mass index and sum of skinfolds was greater for rural youth (P<0.004). Logistic regression indicated that rural children had a 54.7 percent increased risk of obesity (P=0.0001). This study's results indicate that, in children, a rural setting is associated with obesity, but not with the major risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.

关键词：心血管疾病/病因学聚类分析高胆固醇血症/并发症高血压/并发症 Logistic模型北卡罗来纳/流行病学肥胖症/并发症肥胖症/流行病学患病率危险因素农村卫生/统计学和数值数据社会经济因素学生/统计学和数值数据城市卫生/统计学和数值数据儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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