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Overlapping addictions and self-esteem among college men and women

ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 1999年第4期24卷 565-571页

作者： Greenberg, JL Lewis, SE Dodd, DK Washington Univ Dept Psychol St Louis MO 63130 USA

To examine whether there is a tendency for individuals to be multiply addicted, overlapping addictions to common substances (alcohol, caffeine, chocolate, cigarettes) and activities (exercise, gambling, Internet use, television, video games) were studied in 129 college men and women. Contrary to previous research, moderate to large correlations were found, both within and between substances and activities. Self-esteem was positively related to exercise but unrelated to the remaining addictions. Several gender differences in addictive tendencies were also revealed: Men scored higher than women on addiction to alcohol, cigarettes, gambling, television, and Internet use, but women scored higher on caffeine and chocolate. The results have implications for theories of addiction and suggest new directions for the study of addiction among normally functioning young adults. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.

关键词：日常生活活动酒精中毒/流行病学酒精中毒/心理学行为成瘾/流行病学行为成瘾/心理学可可树咖啡因运动(Exercise) 赌博自我概念性别因素吸烟/流行病学吸烟/心理学学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据物质相关性障碍/流行病学物质相关性障碍/心理学电视大学电子游戏青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Alcohol use in high school: Predicting students' alcohol use and alcohol problems in four-year colleges

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2001年第4期27卷 775-793页

作者： Yu, J Shacket, RW New York State Off Alcoholism & Subst Abuse Serv Albany NY 12203 USA Vera Inst Justice New York NY USA

This research examined the effect of students' drinking behaviors in high school on their alcohol use and alcohol problems in college. Five colleges in New York State were randomly selected for the study. The telephone interview method was employed to survey college students during the spring semester of 1998. Within each participating college, students were randomly selected through the use of complete student telephone directories provided by the college administration. A total of 813 students were interviewed. Alcohol problems were measured with items from DSM-IV. Results indicate that both frequency and quantity of alcohol use in high school significantly affect students' alcohol consumption in college. Furthermore, the impact of alcohol use in high school on alcohol problems in college tends to be composed of a moderate direct effect and a relatively strong indirect effect via its impact on current alcohol consumption in college. Prevention efforts for drinking in college may need to start in high school to reduce or delay alcohol use by high school students. Additional assessment services and more readily available treatment services may be required to address potential alcohol problems among college students. Future research should examine the effect and longevity of students' alcohol problem symptoms after they graduate from college.

关键词：饮酒/流行病学精神障碍诊断和统计手册前瞻性研究抽样研究院校学生/统计学和数值数据大学青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Knowledge and attitudes toward AIDS among female college students in Nagasaki, Japan

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HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2000年第1期15卷 5-11页

作者： Maswanya, E Moji, K Aoyagi, K Yahata, Y Kusano, Y Nagata, K Izumi, T Takemoto, T Nagasaki Univ Sch Med Dept Publ Hlth Nagasaki 8528523 Japan

This study assesses knowledge and attitudes concerning HIV infection and individuals with AIDS among 383 female students attending colleges in Nagasaki, Japan. A structured questionnaire containing questions concerning knowledge about AIDS, sources of information, beliefs and attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS was administered during sessions set up for that purpose. The mean age of participants was 18.8 +/- 0.8 years (+/- SD). The main source of information for AIDS awareness as reported by the students was the mass media. Good knowledge about AIDS was positively associated with ease of acceptance of living in the same house with a person diagnosed with AIDS [odds ratio (OR): 1.90;95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.38]. However, residing at home (OR: 0.64;95% CI: 0.42-0.98) and involvement in nurse education programmes (OR: 0.59;95% CI: 0.37-0.95) showed a negative association. Students demonstrated a high level of knowledge concerning AIDS and HIV, but had considerable misconceptions and prejudices about people having HIV/AIDS. Our results suggest that a more appropriate education programme in colleges in Japan may be necessary to reduce the discrepancy between general knowledge and desirable attitude regarding HIV/AIDS.

关键词：获得性免疫缺陷综合征/流行病学获得性免疫缺陷综合征/心理学横断面研究健康知识态度实践日本/流行病学 Logistic模型大众媒体患病率问卷调查学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类

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Uncertain knowledge: a national survey of High School students' knowledge and beliefs about hepatitis C

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1999年第2期23卷 135-139页

作者： Lindsay, J Smith, AMA Rosenthal, DA La Trobe Univ ARCSHS Carlton S Vic 3053 Australia

Objective: Hepatitis C (HCV) has recently emerged as an important public health issue. This study documents young people's hepatitis C (HCV) knowledge, risk perceptions and sources of information. Method: Australia, 1997;nationally representative survey;sample of students in Years 10 and 12 in government secondary schools (n = 3,550). Results: Students' knowledge about HCV was found to be extremely poor. Of the seven questions on hepatitis, only one was answered correctly by more than half the students. Few could differentiate between hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C. Only a small number (12%) perceived themselves to be at risk of hepatitis and fewer than half (41%) had sought advice about hepatitis. Conclusion: There is a need for more HCV education and health promotion for secondary school students. Implications: Some lessons from HIV education can be readily transferred to this new epidemic but others cannot. There is a danger that HIV and HCV will be conflated in education programs.

关键词：横断面研究健康知识态度实践健康调查肝炎丙型/流行病学肝炎丙型/预防和控制冒险抽样研究中小学生卫生保健服务学生/统计学和数值数据维多利亚青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Ethnicity and bruxism

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 1999年第1期88卷 240-241页

作者： Hicks, RA Lucero-Gorman, K Bautista, J Hicks, GJ San Jose State Univ Dept Psychol San Jose CA 95192 USA Mendocino Coll Ukiah CA USA

Distributions of students of four ethnic groups were statistically significantly different. 106 African-American students reported the lowest incidence of self-reported bruxism (9.4%), 452 Asian students the highest i... 详细信息

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据非洲大陆世系人群亚洲/人种学磨牙症/流行病学磨牙症/人种学人种群/统计学和数值数据西班牙裔美国人/统计学和数值数据发病率学生/统计学和数值数据大学人类

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Repetitive skin-picking in a student population and comparison with a sample of self-injurious skin-pickers

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PSYCHOSOMATICS 2000年第3期41卷 210-215页

作者： Keuthen, NJ Deckersbach, T Wilhelm, S Hale, E Fraim, C Baer, L O'Sullivan, RL Jenike, MA Massachusetts Gen Hosp E OCD Clin Charlestown MA 02129 USA Massachusetts Gen Hosp E Res Unit Charlestown MA 02129 USA

The prevalence of skin-picking and its associated characteristics were documented in a nonclinical sample of 105 college students. Subjects completed a self-report skin-picking inventory and several paper-and-pencil scales. Students who endorsed skin-picking were compared to a clinical sample of self-injurious skin-pickers (n = 31) reported on previously. Of the student subjects, 78.1% (n = 82) endorsed some degree of skin-picking and four subjects satisfied criteria for severe, self-injurious picking. Student subjects significantly differed from the clinical sample of self-injurious skin-pickers in the duration, focus, and extent of picking, techniques used, reasons for picking, associated emotions, and picking sequelae.

关键词：体象横断面研究情绪发病率马萨诸塞动机强迫性障碍/诊断强迫性障碍/流行病学强迫性障碍/心理学参考值自我伤害行为/诊断自我伤害行为/流行病学自我伤害行为/心理学皮肤/损伤学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Decreased drug reporting in a cross-sectional student drug use survey

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JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2000年第2期11卷 161-172页

作者： Fendrich, M Mackesy-Amiti, ME Univ Illinois Dept Psychiat Inst Juvenile Res Chicago IL 60612 USA

Purpose, longitudinal cohort studies have suggested that reinterviews about drug use often lead to decreased reports of lifetime substance use (recanting). Respondents may, edit their answers on reinterview because of perceptions regarding question threat. Since reinterviews usually occur after long periods of time, the influence of inadequate recall (memory), cannot be ruled out. In order to evaluate the relative importance of editing and memory on recanting we examined a cross-sectional administered in 1993 to a probability sample of Illinois students who were in the 7th through 12th grade. Methods. Two sets of self-administered survey questions assessed drug use. the I-SAY drug-use questionnaire, and a supplemental questionnaire asked at the end of the mail? survey We compared the rates of "new use " (ilo use for a drug reported in the I-SAY use reported for a drug on the supplement) with rates of recanting (use for a drug reported on the I-SAY: no use for a drug reported on the supplement). Results, Recanting was generally more pronounced than new use, especially for cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and inhalants. Those classified as light or inconsistent users on the I-SAY were significantly more likely to recant their drug use reports.

关键词：饮酒/流行病学饮酒/心理学偏倚(流行病学) 横断面研究健康调查伊利诺伊/流行病学回忆自我揭露学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据物质相关性障碍/流行病学物质相关性障碍/心理学真相揭露青少年儿童女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Consistency of hand use and frequency of colds among college students

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第3期90卷 915-916页

作者： McNamee-Cole, C Hicks, RA San Jose State Univ Dept Psychol San Jose CA 95192 USA Ohlone Coll Fremont CA 94539 USA

The self reported annual frequencies of colds were assessed for two groups of 37 students each who were either consistent or inconsistent in the use of their hands. These data indicated that the inconsistent hand use ... 详细信息

关键词：感冒/流行病学功能偏侧化健康状况问卷调查学生/统计学和数值数据人类

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Effects of sex composition by class and instructor's sex on physical self-efficacy of college men

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PERCEPTUAL AND MOTOR SKILLS 2000年第1期90卷 105-110页

作者： Gibbons, ES Rust, DM Blassingame, CL Reed, JL Texas A&M Univ Dept Hlth & Kinesiol College Stn TX 77843 USA Gardner Webb Univ Boiling Springs NC USA Stephen F Austin State Univ Nacogdoches TX 75962 USA Sam Houston State Univ Huntsville TX 77341 USA

The relationship of sex composition of class and instructor's sex to Physical Self-efficacy has yielded conflicting results in several studies. This study examined the relationship of sex composition of class and instructor's sex to scores on Physical Self-efficacy, Perceived Physical Ability, and Physical Self-presentation Confidence of 80 male students enrolled in one of four sections of a strength training class. Analysis indicated no significant difference on Physical Self-efficacy between male students who were enrolled in all male classes or in coeducational classes;improvements in scores on Physical Self-efficacy were not specific to the sex composition of the class or sex of the instructor and no significant difference on Perceived Physical Ability and Physical Self-presentation Confidence between male students who joined an all male class or a coeducational class. Perceived Physical Ability improved from the pretest to the posttest in all classes;and no improvement in scores for Physical Self-presentation Confidence was found in all classes. Ln conclusion, the analysis showed that sex composition of the class and sex of the instructor were not significantly related to scores for self-efficacy.

关键词：用力/生理学肌收缩/生理学个性量表体育和训练/统计学和数值数据身体素质问卷调查自我效验性别分布性别因素学生/心理学学生/统计学和数值数据教学/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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