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Delusional ideation in religious and psychotic populations

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999年第1期38卷 83-96页

作者： Peters, E Day, S McKenna, J Orbach, G Univ London Univ Coll Subdept Clin Hlth Psychol London WC1E 6BT England Inst Psychiat Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat London England UCL Dept Psychol London England

Objectives. Previous research into schizotypy has shown that certain groups of people have similar experiences to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but remain functioning members;of society, such as those with profound religious experiences (Jackson & Fulford, 1997). Method. The focus of the present study was to explore the incidence of delusional ideation in New Religious Movements (NRMs). Hare Krishnas and Druids were compared to two control groups (non-religious and Christian), and to deluded, psychotic in-patients on two delusions measures. Results. As predicted, individuals from the NRMs scored significantly higher than the control groups on all the delusional measures apart from levels of distress. They did not show as much florid symptomatology as the psychotic patients, but could not be differentiated from the deluded group on the number of delusional items endorsed on the Peters et al Delusions Inventory (PDI;Peters, Day & Garety, 1996), or on levels of conviction. However, they were significantly less distressed and preoccupied by their experiences. No differences were found between the two control groups on any of the delusional measures, suggesting that religious beliefs per se do not account for the NRMs members' scores. Discussion. These findings provide further support for, first, the notion of a continuum between normality and psychosis and, second, for the necessity to consider the multidimensionality of delusional beliefs.

关键词：适应心理学方差分析妄想/诊断妄想/心理学健康知识态度实践模型心理学偏见精神病状态评定量表精神病/诊断精神病/心理学宗教和心理学精神分裂型人格障碍/诊断精神分裂型人格障碍/心理学自我概念成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Authentic religious experience or insanity?

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JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999年第5期55卷 607-616页

作者： Sanderson, S Vandenberg, B Paese, P Univ Missouri Dept Psychol St Louis MO 63121 USA

This study examined how mental health professionals make judgments about the religious authenticity and mental health of behaviors motivated by religious ideation. Participants were presented with written vignettes of religiously motivated behavior. The context of religious behavior varied on 6 dimensions and also on 3 levels of conventionality. The results indicated that the determining factor in the ratings was not dimensions of religious experience, but the degree that the experience deviated from conventional religious beliefs and practices. The more unconventional the behavior, the less religiously authentic and mentally healthy it was deemed to be. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

关键词：医务工作者的态度幻觉精神障碍/诊断动机精神病学宗教和心理学成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Adolescent sibling bereavement as a catalyst for spiritual development: A model for understanding

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DEATH STUDIES 1999年第6期23卷 529-546页

作者： Batten, M Oltjenbruns, KA Colorado State Univ HDFS Ft Collins CO 80523 USA

While our understanding of adolescent bereavement has greatly expanded in recent years, one area yet to be clarified is the relationship between grief following a significant loss and spirituality. This article strengthens our understanding of this connection in two ways. First, the authors present a conceptual model explaining how developmental changes in cognitive capacity during the adolescent life stage make it possible to challenge one's beliefs and search for new meaning. The crisis of experiencing the death of a sibling during this period has the potential, then, of serving as a catalyst for enhanced spirituality-defined as a quest for new meaning. Secondly, interviews with four adolescents following the death of a sibling add more detailed understanding of that quest for meaning. Quotations drawn from these interviews illustrate these young persons' shifting perspective of self, others, the sibling relationship, a higher power, death, and life.

关键词：青春期心理学居丧交谈心理学模型心理学宗教和心理学同胞关系青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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The meanings and correlates of spirituality: Suggestions from an exploratory survey of experts

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DEATH STUDIES 1999年第6期23卷 521-528页

作者： Mahoney, MJ Graci, GM Univ N Texas Dept Psychol Denton TX 76203 USA

There has been an increasing interest in spirituality among health care professionals over the last several decades. Specialists in the areas of trauma, grief, and death and dying have been among those who have shown particular interest in religious and spiritual issues. Recent efforts to distinguish religiosity from spirituality have stimulated inquiries into the changing meanings of these dimensions. Drawing on prior and Parallel works, the authors created a questionnaire and asked for responses to it from convenience samples of experts in death studies (n = 22) and spiritual studies (n = 13). Our findings are suggestive of possible lines of convergence and divergence. Both groups considered themselves to be spiritual but not religious, and there was consensus that the meaning of the term spirituality is currently changing. There was also general agreement that spiritual experiences are meaningful learning opportunities and that spiritual individuals tend to be more hopeful and to experience more meaning ol purpose in life than their nonspiritual peels. the themes most strongly associated with spirituality in both groups were charity, community or connectedness, compassion, forgiveness, hope, meaning, and mortality. Future research should be directed toward clarifying what people mean by "spiritual" and how they experience and express this dimension of their lives.

关键词：健康知识态度实践问卷调查宗教和心理学术语表死亡学人类

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Dying, mourning, and spirituality: A psychological perspective

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DEATH STUDIES 1999年第6期23卷 495-519页

作者： Marrone, R Calif State Univ Sacramento Dept Psychol Sacramento CA 95819 USA

Based in an unfortunate tradition that stretches back in time to Watson's behaviorism and Freud's psychoanalysis, psychology has tended to reject and to pathologize matters of the spirit. In the past 30 years, however, with the advent of what has been termed the cognitive revolution, psychology has greatly expanded the scope of its subject matter.: Psychologists and thanatologists have begun to unravel the cognitive underpinnings of our assumptive world and the transformation of those underpinnings in limes of crisis and stress. This article examines the cognitive basis of the spiritual experience and the use of cognitive assimilation, accommodation strategies during the process of mourning the death of a loved one, as well as during the process of living our own dying. Of special importance to mental health professionals and clergy, new research on dying, mourning, and spirituality suggests that the specific ways in which people rediscover meaning-such as belief in traditional religious doctrine, the afterlife, reincarnation, philanthropy, ol a spiritual order to the universe-may be less important than the process itself. In other words, in the midst of dealing with profound loss in our lives, the ability to reascribe meaning to a changed world through spiritual tl transformation, religious conversion, or existential change may be more significant than the specific content by which that need is filled.

关键词：医疗护理提供者死亡家庭悲痛临终关怀医疗宗教和心理学自我评价(心理学) 死亡学人类

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Change on psychological scales following Buddhist and Roman Catholic retreats

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS 1999年第1期84卷 125-126页

作者： Tori, CD Calif Sch Profess Psychol Alameda CA 94501 USA

Orthogonal contrasts of Adjective Checklist pretest-posttest change scores obtained from adolescents who attended three-day Buddhist or Roman Catholic retreats (n = 204) and no treatment control participants (n = 102) indicated those who attended had higher change scores and greater change occurred among those attending the Buddhist meditation retreat.

关键词：佛教天主教闲暇活动人格人格评价宗教和心理学青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Off-road religion? A narrative approach to fundamentalist and occult orientations of adolescents

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JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE 1999年第2期22卷 255-267页

作者： Streib, H Univ Bielefeld D-33501 Bielefeld Germany

Results of qualitative biographical research on Christian fundamentalist converts and de converts, and on occultist adolescents are presented and documented using case studies. Research focused on life themes and on biographical processes and transformations. Contrastive comparison of the cases resulted in typologies of Christian fundamentalist biographies and of "ways of dis-enchantment". These indicate that obligation to a tradition is no longer the model for religious socialization. Its competitors are biographical trajectories which can have the following characteristics: heresy is taken for granted, religious search is like an open life-style preference (accumulative heretic);ritual coping with life themes is predominant;and religious search follows the motive of sensation seeking. A typology of religious styles is applied as an interpretive framework for (a) explaining the formation of fundamentalist orientations and (b) understanding development and transformation in religious biographies. (C) 1999 The Association for Professionals in Services for Adolescents.

关键词：青春期心理学基督教德国神秘学宗教和心理学青少年女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Negotiating couplehood: The process of resolving the December dilemma among interfaith couples

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FAMILY PROCESS 1999年第3期38卷 303-323页

作者： Horowitz, JA Boston Coll Sch Nursing Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA

Christmas forces interfaith couples to address questions concerning holiday observances. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the experience of the "December dilemma," that is, the experience of Christmas and Hanukah among couples in which one partner is Jewish. A qualitative design based on the continuous comparison method of Grounded Theory analysis was used. Participants were solicited through interfaith couples' programs, referral, and snowballing. Unstructured interactive interviews of 22 couples were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed. The categories generated were: Ghosts of Christmas and Hanukah Past, Coming Together, and Holiday Observances as a Couple. The basic problem facing these couples teas how to bridge religious backgrounds with differing holiday traditions in a way that integrated respect for each partner's needs, heritage, and identity. The basic social process of negotiating "couplehood," that is, moving from individuality to partnership emerged when mutual agreement could be reached to solve problems about how to celebrate the December holidays. The data indicated that exploration of the ways these couples managed the dilemmas created by the December holidays provided a window to how they negotiated other challenges in their relationships.

关键词：适应心理学基督教/心理学冲突(心理学) 家庭关系/人种学假日/心理学犹太人/心理学婚姻/人种学婚姻/心理学问题解决宗教和心理学抽样研究成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Religious development in adolescence

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JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE 1999年第2期22卷 291-295页

作者： Elkind, D Tufts Univ Dept Child Dev Medford MA 02155 USA

This article serves to conclude an issue of the Journal of Adolescence that focuses on the role of religion in the lives of adolescents. The studies included raise a wealth of questions and issues as well as illustrat... 详细信息

关键词： Adolescent Psychology Religion and Psychology 青春期心理学宗教和心理学

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Relationships among assisted suicide and religiousness, resources available, denial of dying, and autonomy

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PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS 1999年第3期85卷 1070-1076页

作者： Westman, A Hunt, E Cicillini, V Lewandowski, L Eastern Michigan Univ Dept Psychol Ypsilanti MI 48197 USA Ann Arbor VA Hosp Ann Arbor MI USA

A nonrandom sample of eligible voters in Michigan (N=218;mean age 35.7 yr.) anonymously completed a questionnaire during the two weeks prior to voting on a ballot proposal endorsing physician-assisted suicide. Favoring assisted suicide correlated negatively with scores on religiousness, believing that only a troubled mind mould favor assisted suicide and that vulnerable individuals mould suffer were assisted suicide legal, with denial of dying, and with resources available during one's final years. Favoring assisted suicide correlated positively with indicating this to be a medical rather than moral issue, making one's own decisions on moral issues, and believing that people may have different opinions on assisted suicide. The role of experience with dying needs further study.

关键词：对死亡的态度否认(心理学) 体内外控制密执安道德宗教和心理学社会支持自杀协助/心理学成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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