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Grade inflation or typographical error: The accuracy of residency applicants' information

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JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2001年第10期59卷 1215-1216页

作者： Kelly, JPW Hosp St Raphael Sect Oral & Maxillofacial Surg New Haven CT 06511 USA

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Investigating pathology utilisation by junior medical staff in a teaching hospital: a qualitative study

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AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2000年第2期30卷 261-263页

作者： Enno, A Mondy, P Kerridge, I Pearson, S Hunter Area Pathol Serv Div Haematol Hunter NSW 2310 Australia Univ Newcastle Fac Med & Hlth Sci Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

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The changing status of inpatient dermatology at American academic dermatology programs

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY 1999年第5期40卷 755-757页

作者： Kirsner, RS Yang, DG Kerdel, FA Univ Miami Sch Med Dept Dermatol & Cutaneous Surg Miami FL USA Univ Miami Sch Med Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Miami FL USA

Background: Changes in health care delivery financing such as the adoption of the diagnosis-related groups (DRG) in 1983 has affected inpatient services of dermatology programs across the United States. Objective: The purpose of this study was to define the present status of inpatient dermatology at academic medical centers compared with 1982. Methods: Questionnaires inquiring about the state of inpatient service were sent to the chairpersons of each dermatology residency program in the United States. Results: Of the 71 programs responding, 79% reported a reduction in inpatient activity. Nearly half of the dermatology programs with dedicated dermatology beds in 1982 reported not continuing to have these in 1997 (41 to 24). The average number of patients admitted for skin disease decreased from 119 in 1982 to 36.5 in 1997, and the average daily census decreased from 8.9 to 2.2. Conclusion: There has been a decline in the number of patients hospitalized by academic dermatology departments and a shift of some patients hospitalized to beds where the attending is other than a dermatologist.

关键词：医学科学研究中心/统计学和数值数据门诊医疗/统计学和数值数据皮肤病学/教育皮肤病学/统计学和数值数据诊断相关患者组/统计学和数值数据医院病床数/统计学和数值数据住院/统计学和数值数据保险健康/统计学和数值数据实习医师和住院医师职务病人入院/统计学和数值数据皮肤疾病/流行病学皮肤疾病/治疗美国/流行病学人类

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The role of postmortem examination in medical education

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MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS 1998年第8期73卷 802-805页

作者： Welsh, TS Kaplan, J Mayo Clin Jacksonville Div Pulm Med & Internal Med Jacksonville FL 32224 USA Mayo Clin Jacksonville Dept Internal Med Jacksonville FL 32224 USA

Historically, the postmortem examination was an indispensable diagnostic tool. Despite recommendations by the American Medical Association to continue performing autopsies, many physicians and medical institutions fail to recognize its utility in modern medicine, and autopsy rates have decreased to unacceptably low levels. In academic settings, requesting consent far autopsies is the responsibility of residents, who often lack the skills necessary to approach the grieving family, request consent, and follow up the autopsy results. Additionally, the information obtained at autopsies is often unused or is unavailable to families and clinicians. In order to improve the autopsy rate and enhance its clinical and educational benefits, the training of residents must be structured to emphasize the postmortem examination and to develop a standardized means of communication among clinicians, pathologists, and families.

关键词： Autopsy Internship and Residency 尸体解剖实习医师和住院医师职务 Autopsy Modern Medicine Medical Education family consent diagnostic tool American Medical Association Internship and Residency means of communication

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Long-distance relationships and emergency medicine residency

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2001年第1期37卷 103-106页

作者： Guldner, GT Loma Linda Univ Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Loma Linda CA 92354 USA

[Guldner GT. Long-distance relationships and emergency medicine residency. Ann Emerg Med. January 2001;37:103-106.]

关键词：适应心理学焦虑分离/心理学实习医师和住院医师职务人际关系医师/心理学应激心理学人类

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Practice factors that influence antibiotic prescribing in general practice in Tayside

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JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY 2000年第3期46卷 509-512页

作者： Steinke, DT Bain, DJG MacDonald, TM Davey, PG Ninewells Hosp Med Monitoring Unit Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland Ninewells Hosp Tayside Ctr Gen Practice Dundee DD1 9SY Scotland

A cohort design was used to evaluate antibiotic prescribing in relation to patient and general practice characteristics. The study included prescribing to all subjects resident in Tayside, from January to December 1994 and found 215217 antibiotic prescriptions dispensed to 118596 people. Training status of general practitioners (GPs) was found to be the characteristic most associated with prescribing, Adjusting for other GP characteristics had little effect on these results. Training practice status was the dominant factor associated with significant differences in rates of antibiotic prescribing, in class of antibiotic prescribed and in performance indicators of antibiotic prescribing.

关键词：抗菌药/治疗应用队列研究数据库事实型药物处方药物利用评审家庭医学感染/药物疗法实习医师和住院医师职务苏格兰人类

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A structured curriculum for improved resident education in statistics

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AMERICAN SURGEON 2000年第6期66卷 585-588页

作者： Cheatham, ML Orlando Reg Med Ctr Dept Surg Educ Orlando FL 32608 USA

Many resident physicians do not receive sufficient education in statistical theory and study design to allow them to effectively interpret and apply the medical literature to patient care. A survey of 62 surgical residency programs identified that only 33 per cent include formal statistics teaching in their curricula. A structured curriculum was formulated to introduce surgical residents to basic statistical theory, common statistical tests, and study design. Lectures were integrated into an existing monthly journal club in which manuscripts reviewed were used to illustrate the statistical concepts taught. Knowledge improvement was determined using a multiple choice test given before and after completion of the curriculum. Mean test scores increased significantly as a result of the curriculum (P < 0.004), Formal statistics education using a structured curriculum significantly improves resident physician knowledge of statistical theory and study design. Such teaching can be easily integrated into a residency program's existing curriculum.

关键词：课程实习医师和住院医师职务统计数据/教育外科学/教育美国人类

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The effect of working serial night shifts on the cognitive functioning of emergency physicians

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ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2001年第2期38卷 152-155页

作者： Dula, DJ Dula, NL Hamrick, C Wood, GC Geisinger Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Danville PA 17822 USA

Study objective: We sought to determine whether working 5 serial night shifts in the,emergency department results in a decline in physician performance as measured with an intelligence test. Methods: This study compared the cognitive functioning of emergency physicians who worked the day shift (7 AM to 5 Pm) with those who worked 5 consecutive night shifts (11 Pm to 7 AM). The Fluid Scale of the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult - Intelligence Test (KAIT) was administered to 16 emergency medicine residents. Half of the residents (group A) were tested while working day shifts, and the other half (group B) were tested after working 5 consecutive night shifts. After a minimum interval of 2 months, the residents were retested in reverse order, with group A tested after working night shifts and group B tested while working day shifts. Results: A total of 16 emergency medicine residents were tested. A paired t test was used to determine whether day-shift KAIT scores are different from night-shift KAIT scores. The mean day-shift KAIT score was 119.1 (SD=7.7), and the mean night-shift KAIT score was 107.2 (SD=10.2). This difference was significant (mean difference=11.9;95% confidence interval 7.0 to 16.8;P < .001), with the day-shift scores being statistically higher than the night-shift scores. Conclusion: Working a series of 5 night shifts results in a substantial decline in cognitive performance in physicians working in the ED.

关键词：认知急救医学智力测验实习医师和住院医师职务工作安排忍受人类

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Discrepancies in interpretation of ED body computed tomographic scans by radiology residents

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2007年第1期25卷 45-48页

作者： Tieng, Nelson Grinberg, Diana Li, Siu Fai Jacobi Med Ctr Dept Emergency Med Bronx NY 10461 USA

Objective: In academic institutions, radiology residents are often relied oil for providing preliminary reports of imaging studies done in the ED. We examined the prevalence of discrepant interpretations of body computed tomographic (CT) scans in Our institution. Methods: We conducted a retrospective Study on a consecutive series of body CT scans at all urban ED. We compared the preliminary interpretation by radiology residents with the final interpretation by radiology attending physicians. An interpretation was characterized as having no discrepancy, minor discrepancy, or major discrepancy. A major discrepancy was defined as a discrepancy that resulted in a change in diagnosis, treatment, or disposition. Results: Two hundred three body CT scans were identified during the study period. Of these CT scans, 20 had major discrepancies (10%), 40 had minor discrepancies (20%), and 143 had no discrepancy (70%). Major discrepancies included missed appendicitis, normal appendix, missed bowel obstruction, and missed colon cancer. Computed tomographic scans with abnormal findings were more likely to contain major discrepancies (relative risk = 6.0;95% confidence interval - 1.8-20). Conclusion: Discrepancies between radiology residents and radiology attending physicians were common at our institution. Emergency department physicians Should exercise caution when relying on residents' interpretation of body CT scans. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Abdominal Pain Diagnostic Errors Internship and Residency 腹痛误诊实习医师和住院医师职务 tomographic scanning Diagnostic Errors emergency room Radiology Tomography Abdominal Pain X-Ray Computed Tomography Internship and Residency interpretation

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TEACHING PROSTHODONTICS IN GENERAL DENTISTRY

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JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 1976年第1期35卷 23-25页

作者： WELSH, SL WALSON ARMY HOSP FT DIXNJ 08640

Because of the projected increase in the demand for high-quality prosthodontic services in the future, it will be necessary to upgrade undergraduate prosthodontics and to provide, in addition, improved prosthodontic training in the general dentistry residencies. The Federation of Prosthodontic Organizations is the unified voice of our specialty and must stand at the forefront to provide and direct this training. Every accredited program should be required to offer training in prosthodontics. We cannot expect graduate students to specialize in prosthodontics if we allow it to be downgraded, reduced in scope in our dental schools, and excluded from general dentistry residencies.

关键词：开业医生牙科/教育实习医师和住院医师职务义齿修复术/教育美国

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