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Chronic fatigue syndrome - Sociodemographic subtypes in a community-based sample

EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2000年第3期23卷 243-263页

作者： Jason, LA Taylor, RR Kennedy, CL Jordan, K Song, S Johnson, DE Torres, SR De Paul Univ Dept Psychol Chicago IL 60614 USA Univ Illinois Chicago IL 60680 USA Depaul Univ Chicago IL 60604 USA

Most chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) studies are based on information about patients from primary or tertiary care settings. These patients might not be typical of patients in the general population. This investigation involved examinations of individuals with CFS from a community-based study. A random sample of 18,675 in Chicago was interviewed ed by telephone. Individuals with chronic fatigue and at least four minor symptoms associated with CFS were given medical and psychiatric examinations. A group of physicians then diagnosed individuals with CFS, who were then subclassified based on three sociodemographic categories-gender ethnicity, and work status. Sociodemographic sub-groups were analyzed in terms of symptom severity, functional disability, coping, optimism perceived stress, and psychiatric comorbidity. Women, minorities, and nonworking individuals with CFS reported greater levels of functional disability symptom severity and poorer psychosocial functioning than men, Caucasians, and working individuals, suggesting sociodemographic characteristics may be associated with poorer outcomes in urban, community-based samples of CFS individuals.

关键词：芝加哥/流行病学疲劳综合征慢性/流行病学疲劳综合征慢性/人种学健康状况少数民族/统计学和数值数据问卷调查疾病严重程度指数性别因素社会经济因素青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Ethnic minority suicide: a small area geographical study in south London

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PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE 1999年第2期29卷 429-436页

作者： Neeleman, J Wessely, S Univ Groningen Dept Social Psychiat NL-9700 RB Groningen Netherlands Inst Psychiat Dept Psychol Med London England

Background. The relationship between ethnicity and suicide risk is ill-understood. It is unclear whether, and if so, how, the ethnic mix of local areas affects risk in local individuals. Methods. Coroners' records of 329 suicides were used to obtain ethnic (White, Afro-Caribbean, Asian) suicide rates in South London (population 902008) for 1991-3. Geographical variation and associations of ethnic suicide rates with small area (mean population 8274) ethnic densities (proportion of residents of given ethnic groups) and deprivation, were examined with random effects Poisson regression. Results. Adjusted for deprivation, age and gender, suicide rates in wards with larger minority groups were higher among Whites (relative rate (RR) per standard deviation (S.D.) increase in minority density 1.18;95 % CI 1.02-1.37) but lower among minority groups (RR 0.75 (0.59-0.96)) (LR-test for interaction chi(2) = 9.2 (df = 1);P = 0.003). Similar patterns were also apparent for Afro-Caribbeans and Asians separately. With White suicide rates as baseline, ethnic minority status is a risk factor for suicide in wards with small, but a protective factor in neighbourhoods with large minority populations. The RR of minority versus White suicide declines with a factor (relative RR) 0.67 (0.51-0.87) per S.D. increase in local minority density. Conclusions. Minority suicide rates are higher in areas where minority groups are smaller. This effect is ethnic-specific and not due to confounding by gender, age, deprivation or unbalanced migration. Dependent on address, a suicide risk factor for a White individual may protect an ethnic minority individual and vice versa. This has implications for research and prevention.

关键词：年龄分布人种群/心理学人种群/统计学和数值数据伦敦/流行病学少数民族/心理学少数民族/统计学和数值数据人口密度性别分布自杀/统计学和数值数据成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Thinking outside the box

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JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION 2000年第1期131卷 12-+页

作者： Meskin, LH

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Environmental equity in superfund - Demographics of the discovery and prioritization of abandoned toxic sites

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 3-26页

作者： Anderton, DL Oakes, JM Egan, KL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DEPT SOCIOLAMHERSTMA 01003

This article presents findings of the first national tract-level analysis of the distribution of residential characteristics, including the percentage of selected minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, in relation to uncontrolled toxic waste sites (i.e., CERCLIS and NPL sites). In contrast to prevailing notions, the authors find that uncontrolled toxic waste sites are not disproportionately located in minority neighborhoods or neighbourhood of socioeconomically disadvantaged residents. However;multivariate analyses of site distribution and a hazard regression analysis of the site prioritization process suggest that communities with a higher percentage of Black residents are less likely to receive NPL (National Priorities List) designation, delaying potential remediation. Biases in the prioritization process are, however substantively small.

关键词：人口普查卡方分布人口统计学危害废弃物少数民族/统计学和数值数据泊松分布贫困区偏见公共卫生/标准回归分析危险性评估社会经济因素美国废弃物处理/立法和法学废弃物处理/方法废弃物处理/标准女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Undetermined manner of death - A comparison with unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide death

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 43-57页

作者： Sorenson, SB Shen, HK Kraus, JF UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES SCH PUBL HLTHSO CALIF INJURY PREVENT RES CTRLOS ANGELESCA 90024 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES INST NEUROPSYCHIATDIV COMMUNITY PSYCHIATLOS ANGELESCA 90024

Injury deaths can be grouped into four general categories: accident, homicide, suicide, and undetermined The present study investigates the use of the ''undetermined'' category. External cause of death, as well as demographic and other variables, were abstracted from death certificates of the 386,936 Californians who died of an injury between 1969 and 1991. Differences among the four manner-of-death groups were examined and characteristics of the decedent and the injury event were used to predict a classification of undetermined Coroners classified 1.9% of the deaths as undetermined in manner Deaths of women, Blacks, Asians and Native Americans;the very young and the middle aged;or those involving poisoning or submersion were most likely to be classified as undetermined Acknowledging that individual coroner judgment may not be free of bias, these findings can help provide a better estimate of the frequency and the epidemiologic features of injury deaths that are assigned to the category of undetermined.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学死亡原因杀人/人种学杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型少数民族/统计学和数值数据比值比危险因素自杀/人种学自杀/统计学和数值数据创伤和损伤/人种学创伤和损伤/死亡率青少年成年人老年人老年人 80以上儿童儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性中年人

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The declining significance of race among American men during the latter half of the twentieth century

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DEMOGRAPHY 2000年第1期37卷 41-51页

作者： Sakamoto, A Wu, HH Tzeng, JM Univ Texas Dept Sociol Austin TX 78712 USA Univ Texas Dept Sociol Austin TX 78712 USA McGill Univ Dept Sociol Montreal PQ H3A 2T5 Canada

The extent to which racial minority groups face discrimination in the labor market is the subject of considerable debate. Using William J. Wilson's thesis of the declining significance of race as our theoretical context, we provide further empirical evidence about labor market discrimination by investigating wages among African American, American Indian, Chinese American, Hispanic white, Japanese American, and non-Hispanic white men. We find, during the period before the civil rights movement, that a substantively significant wage disadvantage is evident for these minority groups with controls for observed labor force characteristics. In recent data, these net disadvantages are reduced substantially for each of these groups except Hispanics. With the exception of Hispanics, the results support Wilson's thesis.

关键词：公民权利大陆人口群就业少数民族/统计学和数值数据回归分析薪金和附加福利/统计学和数值数据薪金和附加福利/发展趋势美国人类男(雄)性

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Development and displacement in the black community.

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Journal of health & social policy 1990年第4期1卷 85-96页

作者： Millett, R. Boston Redevelopment Authority.

No abstract available for this article.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据波士顿住房/经济学少数民族/统计学和数值数据政府政策社会经济因素城市重建

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Coroner-reviewed infant and toddler deaths - Many ''undetermineds'' resemble homicides

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EVALUATION REVIEW 1997年第1期21卷 58-76页

Although homicide is a leading cause of death of infants and coddlers, there is some suspicion that an unknown number of additional deaths are unrecognised homicides. The authors used California mortality data from 1969 to 1991 to examine 12,246 injury deaths that occurred before age 5. Characteristics of the dead child, injury event, and postmortem were compared for accidents, homicides, and undetermined deaths. A logistic model was developed to differentiate homicides from accidental deaths and then was used to predict whether undetermined deaths were likely to be homicides or accidents. Unlike accidental deaths, undetermined and homicides had similar distribution patterns of age, race, sex, and place of injury. The predictive model indicates that 43.8% of the undetermined injury deaths were similar to homicides on several characteristics True rates of homicide for infants and toddlers may unfortunately be nearly one fifth and one tenth higher respectively if the undetermined deaths that resemble homicides are token into account.

关键词：事故/统计学和数值数据加利福尼亚/流行病学死亡原因杀人/统计学和数值数据 Logistic模型少数民族/统计学和数值数据比值比试验预期值创伤和损伤/人种学创伤和损伤/死亡率儿童学龄前女(雌)性人类婴儿婴儿新生男(雄)性

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HIV infection and AIDS: another layer to consider in addressing indigent health care in the United States.

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Journal of health & social policy 1990年第1期2卷 35-45页

作者： Walton, R.A. School of Allied Health Professions State University of New York Stony Brook 11794.

This paper will present the current status of the epidemic of HIV infection and AIDS and show relationships to indigent health care. Statistics of disproportionate race and ethnic minorities affected with poverty and HIV infection will be discussed. Projections of who will be affected and estimates of the impact will be included. Community planning in regard to legislative, service, and educational agenda will be suggested.

关键词：获得性免疫缺陷综合征/经济学获得性免疫缺陷综合征/流行病学 HIV感染/经济学 HIV感染/流行病学卫生政策/经济学卫生政策/立法和法学医疗费用无力承担/经济学少数民族/统计学和数值数据美国/流行病学女(雌)性人类

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Low birth weight and infant mortality.

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Journal of health & social policy 1990年第4期1卷 39-43页

作者： Mitchell, J.L. Beth Israel Hospital Boston.

No abstract available for this article.

关键词：非洲裔美国人/统计学和数值数据波士顿/流行病学数据收集评价研究家庭卫生卫生服务需求婴儿死亡率婴儿出生时低体重少数民族/统计学和数值数据产前保健/利用女(雌)性人类婴儿新生妊娠

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