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Employment, work disability, and work days lost in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a cross sectional study of Dutch patients

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ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2001年第4期60卷 353-358页

作者： Boonen, A Chorus, A Miedema, H van der Heijde, D van der Tempel, H van der Linden, S Univ Hosp Maastricht Dept Rheumatol NL-6202 AZ Maastricht Netherlands TNO PG Leiden Netherlands Maasland Ziekenhuis Sittard Netherlands

Objective-To evaluate employment status, work disability, and work days lost in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods-A questionnaire was sent to 709 patients with AS aged 16-60. The results of 658 of the patients could be analysed. Results-After adjustment for age, labour force participation was decreased by 15.4% in male patients and 5.2% in female patients compared with the general Dutch population. Work disability (all causes) was 15.7% and 16.9% higher than expected in the general population for male and female patients respectively. In particular, the proportion of those with a partial work disability pension was increased. Patients with a paid job lost 5.0% of work days as the result of having AS, accounting for a mean of 10.1 days of sick leave due to AS per patient per year in addition to the national average of 12.3 unspecified days of sick leave. Conclusion-This study on work status in AS provides data adjusted for age and sex, and the differences from the reference population were significant. The impact of AS on employment and work disability is considerable. Work status in patients with AS needs more attention as an outcome measure in future research.

关键词：缺勤年龄因素置信区间横断面研究残疾鉴定就业/统计学和数值数据荷兰/流行病学性别因素病假/统计学和数值数据社会阶级社会保障/统计学和数值数据脊柱炎强直性/流行病学青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Working conditions in home care: A survey of washington state’s home care workers

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Home Health Care Services Quarterly 1994年第4期14卷 37-48页

作者： Hayashi, Reiko Gibson, John W. Weatherley, Richard A. University of Washington School of Social Work WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 4101 15th Avenue NE JH-30 United States

Home care services make it possible for millions of older Americans to continue living in the community. Such services may enhance the recipients’ quality of life while providing essential respite to family caregivers. But while there has been increasing recognition of the burden borne by the predominantly female family caregivers, there has been less attention to the plight of the home care workforce. With the growth of the home care industry, the burden of care has to some extent shifted from one category of female caregivers to another. This paper, based on a survey of 16 agencies and 1,900 workers, examines the employment conditions of home care workers in Washington state. The study reveals a pattern of harsh working conditions, low wages, and few benefits. The findings raise questions about the ethics and efficacy of government policies that are based on the exploitation of home care workers. © 1994 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词：数据收集人口统计学雇员不满/统计学和数值数据就业/经济学就业/统计学和数值数据家庭医疗保健服务/经济学家庭医疗保健服务/人力家庭医疗保健服务/统计学和数值数据在职培训/统计学和数值数据薪金和附加福利/统计学和数值数据华盛顿妇女就业/统计学和数值数据工作负荷量/统计学和数值数据女(雌)性人类中年人

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Students' part-time work: towards an understanding of the implications for nurse education

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NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 1999年第6期19卷 443-451页

作者： Lee, T Mawdsley, JM Rangeley, H Univ Huddersfield Sch Human & Hlth Sci Huddersfield HD1 3DH W Yorkshire England

This paper reports on the subject of nursing students undertaking paid part-time work, an area which has attracted minimal research. A questionnaire survey of 120 diploma students in one university investigated several aspects of part-time work: incidence, nature, motivating factors, and effects on their professional and personal lives. The results provide an insight into the work profile and the students' perceptions of the positive and negative effects on their personal well being and progression on the course. The findings raise issues which are of interest to both academic and clinical staff, nursing students and employers. (C) 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

关键词：医务工作者的态度横断面研究教育护理学士教育程度就业/心理学就业/统计学和数值数据动机护理教育研究问卷调查学生护理/心理学工作负荷量青少年成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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What influences the uptake and early cessation of breast feeding?

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MIDWIFERY 1998年第4期14卷 242-247页

作者： Bick, DE MacArthur, C Lancashire, RJ Univ Birmingham Sch Med Dept Publ Hlth & Epidemiol Birmingham B15 2TT W Midlands England

Objective: to examine obstetric, maternal and social factors associated with the uptake and early cessation of breast feeding and women's reasons for altering from breast to bottle feeding. Design: women who responded to a postal questionnaire on long-term postpartum health were contacted and asked to participate in a home-based interview, In addition to health problems, the interview obtained information on baby feeding and a number of social factors. Women were also asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Obstetric and maternal data were obtained from maternity records. Setting: deliveries from a large maternity hospital in Birmingham. Participants: 906 women were interviewed at a mean of 45 weeks after delivery, Findings: 63% of the women said they had breast fed, but 40% of these stopped within three months of delivery, Many of the women gave physical problems with lactation as reasons for stopping. The factors found to be predictors of early cessation were: return to work within three months of birth;regular childcare support from other female relatives, and a high EPDS score. Non-initiation of breast feeding was predicted by a different set of factors: multiparity;general anaesthetic (GA);and unmarried status. Discussion and conclusion: despite evidence of the benefits of breast feeding, this remains an unacceptable long-term option for many women, and for over one-third it is never attempted. Factors within the woman's social environment were found to influence early cessation, Women who had a GA during or immediately following labour and delivery were less likely to initiate breast feeding, Implications for practice: if breast-feeding incidence and duration are to increase, more attention should be paid to establishing early, successful breast feeding and countering the negative influences of factors within the social environment.

关键词：母乳喂养/心理学母乳喂养/统计学和数值数据选择行为抑郁症产后/心理学随访研究健康知识态度实践母亲/教育母亲/心理学母亲/统计学和数值数据问卷调查社会支持社会经济因素时间因素妇女就业/教育妇女就业/心理学妇女就业/统计学和数值数据成年人女(雌)性人类婴儿

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What to do about the nursing shortage

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Hospital Topics 1989年第4期67卷 8-20页

作者： Roberts, Marc J. Harvard University School of Public Health and Kennedy School of Government Boston MA United States Rush Presbyterian St. Luke’s Medical Center Chicago IL United States Columbia University New York NY United States The Curran Group Chicago IL United States

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关键词：数据收集教育护理就业/统计学和数值数据医院市区/人力护理部医院/人力护理人员医院/供应和分配人员管理/统计学和数值数据人员配备和时间安排/统计学和数值数据规划技术社会经济因素美国女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Employee surveys: what employers are doing and what works.

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Employment relations today 1991年第4期18卷 477-484页

作者： Wymer, W.E. Parente, J.A.

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WORK PATTERNS OF MALE AND FEMALE PHARMACISTS - A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS 1959-1989

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EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 1992年第2期15卷 231-249页

作者： KNAPP, KK KOCH, MJ NORTON, L MERGENER, MA UNIV OREGON EUGENEOR 97403

A demand for better data about pharmacists as working health professionals led the authors to study the work patterns of 1,146 pharmacists over a 30-year period from 1959 to 1989. Work history data were used to determine gender-specific participation rates as a function of age, years in the work force, and date. Percent full-time (as opposed to part-time) work as a gender-specific function of age was also determined. Participation rates for males and females, widely disparate in the 1960s, have converged and are not significantly different. Graduates of the 1980s' both male and female, are remaining with pharmacy as an occupation at a significantly higher rate than earlier graduates. Percent full-time rates for women pharmacists are significantly lower than those for male pharmacists, although women have registered significant increases in percent full-time work in each decade from the 1960s to the 1980s. An unexpected finding was the overall reduced participation by graduates of the years 1970 to 1979. The findings of the study are helpful in explaining recent controversies about the adequacy of the supply of pharmacists. The form of the data bases constructed for this study could be used as a model for the study of other health professionals.

关键词：职业流动性就业/统计学和数值数据就业/发展趋势纵向研究人员调整/统计学和数值数据人员调整/发展趋势药剂师/统计学和数值数据药剂师/发展趋势问卷调查社会经济因素美国妇女就业/统计学和数值数据成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Refining the association between education and health: The effects of quantity, credential, and selectivity

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DEMOGRAPHY 1999年第4期36卷 445-460页

作者： Ross, CE Mirowsky, J Ohio State Univ Dept Sociol Columbus OH 43210 USA

We refine the established association between education and health by distinguishing three aspects of a person's education (quantity: credential, and selectivity) and by examining the mechanisms through which they may correlate with health. Data are from the 1995 Aging, Status, and the Sense of Control Survey, a representative U.S. national telephone survey of 2,593 respondents aged 18 to 95, with an oversample of elderly Results show that physical functioning and perceived health increase significantly with years of formal education and with college selectivity for those with a bachelor's or higher degree, adjusting for age, sex;race, marital status, and parental education. The credential of a college degree has no net association with physical functioning and perceived health beyond the amount attributable to the additional years of schooling. Of the three aspects of education, years of schooling has the largest effect. Most of that association appears attributable to its correlation with work and economic conditions, social psychological resources, and health lifestyle. A large portion of the net association of college selectivity with physical functioning and perceived health appears attributable to health lifestyle.

关键词：日常生活活动教育/分类教育/标准教育程度就业/统计学和数值数据健康状况健康调查生活方式线性模型模型教育模型统计学多元分析社会经济因素时间因素美国/流行病学青少年成年人老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Economic and Health Needs of Wisconsin Migrant Farm Workers

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The Journal of Rural Health 1993年第2期9卷 138-148页

作者： Slesinger, Doris P. Department of Rural Sociology University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 313 Agriculture Hall 2450 Linden Drive United States

Abstract: Migrant farm workers play an essential role in the planting and harvesting of crops in our agricultural production system. In the United States today, about 6 percent of the paid farm labor force “follow the crops” across the nation. This article reports on the economic and health care needs of migrant farm workers who travel from the border areas of Texas to Wisconsin each year. Surveys conducted in 1978 and 1989 show that this population remains in serious need of health care and access to financial assistance programs. During the 11‐year interval between surveys, little change occurred in the health care status or use patterns of Wisconsin migrant workers, although housing and sanitary conditions in the work environment improved somewhat due to the passage of new federal regulations. This article discusses the problems and barriers that migrants continue to face and offers recommendations for government action. Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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GENDER, WORK AND ILLNESS - THE INFLUENCE OF A RESEARCH UNIT ON AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY IN THE GAMBIA

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HEALTH POLICY AND PLANNING 1994年第4期9卷 419-428页

作者： BECKERLEG, S AUSTIN, S WEAVER, L MRC DUNN NUTR UNITKENEBAGAMBIA

Changes in employment opportunities and medical services are exploited by men and women in different ways. This paper examines gender-based variation in the selective use of employment and health opportunities in a Gambian village which has been the subject of medical and nutritional research by the Medical Research Council (MRC) for 43 years. The seasonal workloads of 105 men and women in Keneba were compared during one calendar year. Women carried a heavier burden of agricultural labour, while men had a higher rate of waged employment. The impact of the MRC field station on the local economy was assessed and evidence of associated male dependence on MRC employment found. Illness reporting patterns and the treatment choices of men and women were examined. Women made greater use of the MRC medical service, while men resorted more frequently to local remedies and healers. Female dependence on the MRC medical services is suggested by the data, and may be linked to the greater attention paid to them by researchers and medical practitioners.

关键词：农业文化特征就业/统计学和数值数据冈比亚卫生服务/统计学和数值数据卫生服务/利用卫生服务研究纵向研究病人接受卫生保健的程度/统计学和数值数据季节性别因素社会经济因素工作负荷量成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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