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Evaluation of travoprost as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure while using timolol 0.5%

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2001年第6期132卷 860-868页

作者： Orengo-Nania, S Landry, T Von Tress, M Silver, LH Weiner, A Davis, AA Baylor Coll Med Dept Ophthalmol Cullen Eye Inst Houston TX 77030 USA Alcon Res Ltd Ft Worth TX USA

- PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.0015% and 0.004%, dosed daily in the evening compared with vehicle, in patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension, whose intraocular pressure was not adequately controlled on timolol 0.5% twice daily (twice daily). - METHODS: Subjects who qualified at screening began a run-in period dosing timolol twice daily for 3 weeks. If the subjects had an intraocular pressure of 24 to 36 mm. Hg at 8 Am and 21 to 36 nun Hg at 10 Am and 4 Pm in at least one eye on timolol, they were randomized to one of two concentrations of travoprost (0.0015% or 0.004%) or vehicle solution every day and were followed for 6 months. Four hundred twenty,six subjects were randomized. The mean intraocular pressure at 8 Am, 10 Am, and 4 Pm in the patient's eye with the higher intraocular pressure was used for the analysis. - RESULTS: Mean baseline values (25 mm Hg) for subjects at eligibility (while maintained on timolol) were not significantly different (P < .0001) among the treat. ment groups. The intraocular pressure was lowered an additional -5.7 to -7.2 mm Hg and -5.1 to -6.7 mm Hg in the travoprost 0.004% and 0.0015% concentrations, respectively. These changes were significantly (P less than or equal to .0001) different from the vehicle group (-1.3 to -2.8 mm Hg). The intraocular pressure range on treatment at all visit times over the 6-month treatment period ranged from 17.9 to 19.2 mm Hg for travoprost 0.004% and 18.3 to 20.1 mm Hg for travoprost 0.0015% compared with 22.4 to 24.1 mm Hg for vehicle. Average hyperemia scores ranged from trace to mild (mean 0.5 on a scale of 0 = none/trace;1 = mild;2 = moderate;3 = severe) for all treatment groups. No iris pigmentation changes were observed in any patient during this study. There were no clinically or statistically significant changes from baseline in visual acuity, ocular cells and flared fundus parameter, cup-to disk ratio and visual fi

关键词：双盲法药物评价药物疗法联合青光眼开角型/药物疗法眼内压/药物作用高眼压/药物疗法眼药水前瞻性研究安全噻吗洛尔/投药和剂量噻吗洛尔/治疗应用女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Predictive value of a 1-day, 1-eye trial on the 1-month ocular hypotensive response of latanoprost 0.005%

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2001年第6期132卷 869-871页

作者： Mansberger, SL Passo, MS Schalock, PI Cioffi, GA Legacy Hlth Syst Discoveries Sight Devers Eye Inst Portland OR 97210 USA

- PURPOSE: To determine if a 1-day, 1-eye trial of latanoprost 0.005% was predictive of the 1-month intraocular pressure response in patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma on maximally tolerated medical therapy without latanoprost. - METHODS: One eye of 39 consecutive patients was enrolled in prospective trial of latanoprost 0.005%. An investigator masked to treatment eye and intraocular pressure result measured intraocular pressure at 1 day and 1 month after treatment. The diagnostic precision of the 1,day, 1-eye trial for the 1-month result was deter, mined at a 10%, 20%, and 30% reduction from baseline intraocular pressure. - RESULTS: Treatment produced a mean +/- SD (range) decrease in intraocular pressure from 20.9 +/- 4.6 (14 to 35) mm. Hg to 16.6 +/- 3.6 (9 to 26) mm Hg at 24 hours (P < .0001, paired t test). This reduction in intraocular pressure was similar at I month with mean +/- SD (range) intraocular pressure of 16.1 +/- 3.1 (9 to 22) mm Hg (P < .0001, paired t test). The accuracy of the I day, 1-eye trial for the 1-month response at a 10%, 20%, and 30% reduction of intraocular pressure from baseline intraocular pressure was 96% (chi square = 29.5, P < .001), 74% (chi square = 8.4, P = .004), and 80% (chi square = 10.2, P = .001), respectively. - CONCLUSION: A 1-day, I-eye trial of latanoprost 0.005% is predictive of the I-month intraocular pressure response in patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：抗高血压药/投药和剂量抗高血压药/治疗应用青光眼开角型/药物疗法眼内压/药物作用眼药水试验预期值前瞻性研究前列腺素F类合成/投药和剂量前列腺素F类合成/治疗应用时间因素治疗结果成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Comparison of topical brinzolamide 1% and dorzolamide 2% eye drops given twice daily in addition to timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2001年第2期132卷 235-243页

作者： Michaud, JE Friren, B Alcon Res Ltd Ft Worth TX USA

PURPOSE: The aim was to compare topical brinzolamide 1% twice daily with dorzolamide 2% twice daily, each given with timolol 0.5% twice daily, for safety and effects on intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. METHODS: This double,blind, randomized, active con, trolled, parallel group study was conducted multinationally at 31 sites, in 241 patients as above, with assessments at baseline and monthly during 3 months of treatment. The primary end point was a diurnal reduction of trough/peak intraocular pressure from a timolol 0.5% twice daily baseline. RESULTS: Both treatment regimens reduced intraocular pressure significantly at all time points (P < .001): brinzolamide plus timolol by -3.6 to -5.3 mm Hg (-14.2 to -21.9%), dorzolamide plus timolol by -3.6 mm. Hg to -5.1 min Hg (-14.1 to -21.2%). Clinically relevant intraocular pressure reductions (decreases 5 min Hg or greater or absolute intraocular pressure values 21 mm Hg or less) were manifested by 50.0% to 89.3% of patients under brinzolamide plus timolol and by 43.9% to 85.4% under dorzolamide plus timolol. The treatments were equivalent in mean intraocular pressure-lowering. In general, both regimens were well tolerated. However, more patients (P = .001) experienced at least one adverse event with dorzolamide plus timolol (32.8%) as compared with brinzolamide plus timolol (14.7%);also, more patients (P = .001) experienced ocular discomfort (stinging and burning) after dorzolamide plus timolol (13.1%) than after brinzolamide plus timolol (1.7%). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of intraocular pressure reduction, brinzolamide 1% twice daily was equivalent to dorzolamide 2% twice daily, each added to timolol 0.5% twice daily, but brinzolamide produced significantly less ocular burning and stinging. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词：双盲法药物疗法联合青光眼开角型/药物疗法眼内压/药物作用高眼压/药物疗法眼药水安全磺胺类/投药和剂量磺胺类/治疗应用噻嗪类/投药和剂量噻嗪类/治疗应用噻吩类/投药和剂量噻吩类/治疗应用噻吗洛尔/投药和剂量噻吗洛尔/治疗应用治疗结果女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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Assessment of optic disk blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2000年第5期130卷 589-596页

作者： Findl, O Rainer, G Dallinger, S Dorner, G Polak, K Kiss, B Georgopoulos, M Vass, C Schmetterer, L Dept Clin Pharmacol A-1090 Vienna Austria Dept Ophthalmol A-1090 Vienna Austria Inst Med Phys A-1090 Vienna Austria

PURPOSE: To characterize optic disk blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma compared with age-matched healthy control subjects. METHODS: In this prospective cross sectional study, 90 eyes of 90 patients with open-angle glaucoma and 61 eyes of 61 age-matched healthy control subjects were evaluated, Flow in the optic disk cup and the neuroretinal rim were assessed with scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, Fundus pulsation amplitude in the cup and the macula were assessed with laser interferometry, Visual field mean deviation was measured with the Humphrey 30 to 2 program. RESULTS: Flow in the neuroretinal rim (-18%, P = .002), and in the cup (-46%, P < .001) and fundus pulsation amplitude in the cup (-33%, P < .001) and in the macula (-24%, P < .001) were significantly lower in patients with open angle glaucoma compared with healthy control subjects. A significant association between blood flow measurements in the cup and fundus pulsation amplitudes in the cup was observed in both study cohorts. A significant association was also observed between the mean defect from visual field testing and ocular hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced optic disk perfusion in patients with open angle glaucoma is evidenced from two independent methods in the present study. Moreover, our data indicate that reduced ocular blood flow in these patients is linked to visual field changes, It remains to be established whether compromised optic disk and choroidal blood flow contributes to optic disk damage in glaucomatous eyes or is a secondary functional phenomenon. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc, All rights reserved.

关键词：血流速度横断面研究青光眼开角型/药物疗法青光眼开角型/病理生理学干扰量度法眼内压激光多普勒流量测定激光视盘/血液供给视盘/病理生理学前瞻性研究视敏度视野老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Comparison of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant and trabeculectomy in open-angle glaucoma

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JOURNAL OF CATARACT AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY 1999年第3期25卷 323-331页

作者： Mermoud, A Schnyder, CC Sickenberg, M Chiou, AGY Hédiguer, SEA Faggioni, R Univ Lausanne Hop Ophtalm Jules Gonin Dept Ophthalmol CH-1004 Lausanne Switzerland

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and postoperative complications of deep sclerectomy with collagen implant (DSCI), a nonpenetrating filtration procedure. Setting: Glaucoma Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Methods: Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma had DSCI and a matched control group of 44 patients, trabeculectomy. A superficial scleral flap was raised and a deep sclerectomy performed in the scleral bed. Schlemm's canal was opened, and the cornea was dissected to Descemet's membrane. At that stage, aqueous filtered through the remaining trabeculo-Descemet's membrane. A collagen implant was sutured radially in the scleral bed;the scleral flap and conjunctiva were then closed. Examinations were performed before surgery and postoperatively at 1 and 7 days and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months. Results: The mean follow-up was 14.4 months +/- 6.3 (SD) (range 3 to 24 months).,The mean preoperative intraoperative pressure (IOP) was 26.7 +/- 7.3 mm Hg. The mean postoperative IOP was 6.1 +/- 4.5 mm Hg at 1 day and 11.0 +/- 4.4 mm Hg at 1 week;it remained stable for the next 24 months. The success tale, defined as an IOP lower than 21.0 mm Hg without medication, was 69% in the DSCI group and 57% in the trabeculectomy group at 24 months postoperatively (P = .047). The number of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the DSCI group than in the trabeculectomy group. Conclusions: The success rate of DSCI may be comparable to that of trabeculectomy, with fewer complications.

关键词：胶原氟尿嘧啶/投药和剂量随访研究青光眼引流植入物青光眼开角型/药物疗法青光眼开角型/外科学免疫抑制剂/投药和剂量眼内压手术后并发症/预防和控制巩膜造口术/方法小梁切除术/方法治疗结果老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性

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Brimonidine 0.2% given two or three times daily versus timolol maleate 0.5% in primary open-angle glaucoma

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2001年第6期131卷 729-733页

作者： Konstas, AGP Stewart, WC Topouzis, F Tersis, I Holmes, KT Stangos, NT Pharmaceut Res Corp Charleston SC 29412 USA Aristotelian Univ Salonika AHEPA Hosp Salonika Greece Univ S Carolina Sch Med Columbia SC USA Papageorgiou Gen Hosp Salonika Greece

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.2% two or three times daily versus timolol maleate 0.5% solution twice daily, METHODS: Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were randomized by Latin square technique to one of the three treatment sequences in this crossover, prospective double-masked trial. Each treatment period consisted of 6 weeks of chronic dosing followed by a diurnal curve for the intraocular pressure measured at 08:00, 10:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, and 24:00 hours, Intraocular pressure was measured by applanation tonometry. RESULTS: Thirty patients completed this trial, The average diurnal intraocular pressures in the trial were measured for timolol maleate (17.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg), brimonidine given three times daily (18.0 +/- 2.2 mm Hg), and brimonidine given twice daily (19.2 +/- 2.4 mm Hg), There was a statistical difference between groups (P < .005). When groups were compared by pairs, three times daily dosing with brimonidine and timolol maleate both reduced the pressure more than twice daily brimonidine at every time point past 10:00 hours and for the diurnal curve (P < .05). In contrast, three times daily brimonidine and timolol maleate were statistically similar for the diurnal pressure, and each time point, except timolol maleate, decreased the pressure more at 16:00 (P = .042). Safety was similar between groups, CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that both timolol maleate twice daily and brimonidine three times daily provide a similar intraocular pressure reduction to each other. Timolol maleate twice daily and brimonidine three times daily provide a greater decrease in pressure in the late afternoon and nighttime hours, compared with brimonidine twice daily. (Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131: 729-733. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.).

关键词：肾上腺素能α激动剂/投药和剂量肾上腺素能α激动剂/治疗应用肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/投药和剂量肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/治疗应用昼夜节律交叉研究双盲法用药计划表青光眼开角型/药物疗法青光眼开角型/病理生理学眼内压/药物作用容积渗克分子浓度前瞻性研究喹恶啉类/投药和剂量喹恶啉类/治疗应用噻吗洛尔/投药和剂量噻吗洛尔/治疗应用老年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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A comparative study of betaxolol and dorzolamide effect on ocular circulation in normal-tension glaucoma patients

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OPHTHALMOLOGY 2000年第3期107卷 430-434页

作者： Harris, A Arend, O Chung, HS Kagemann, L Cantor, L Martin, B Indiana Univ Sch Med Dept Ophthalmol Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Univ Klinikum RWTH Augenklin Aachen Germany Indiana Univ Med Sci Program Bloomington IN USA

Objective: To determine whether dosages of a selective P-blocking agent (betaxolol) and a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (dorzolamide), sufficient to significantly lower intraocular pressure (IOP), have similar or disparate impact on the retinal and retrobulbar circulation. Design: Counterbalanced crossover, with open-label use of medications. Participants Nine persons with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), intervention: After a 3-week drug washout, NTG patients were studied after 1 month of treatment with either dorzolamide or betaxolol, with determinations of IOP and retinal and retrobulbar hemodynamics, Main Outcome Measures: At baseline and after treatment with each drug, retinal arteriovenous passage time was determined by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy after fluorescein dye injection, and flow velocities in the central retinal and ophthalmic arteries were measured with color Doppler ultrasonography imaging. Results: Betaxolol and dorzolamide each lowered IOP significantly, with these changes apparent and maximal after 2 weeks (each P < 0.05), In contrast, dorzolamide (but not betaxolol) accelerated arteriovenous passage of fluorescein dye in the inferior temporal quadrant of the retina (P < 0.05). Neither drug affected arteriovenous passage in the superotemporal retina or any aspect of central retinal or ophthalmic artery flow velocity after either 2 or 4 weeks. Conclusions: Although both dorzolamide and betaxolol are effective ocular hypotensive agents and their topical instillation leaves retrobulbar hemodynamics unaltered, dorzolamide alone accelerates inferotemporal retinal dye transit. (C) 2000 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

关键词：肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/投药和剂量肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/治疗应用倍他洛尔/投药和剂量倍他洛尔/治疗应用血流速度/药物作用碳酸酐酶抑制剂/投药和剂量碳酸酐酶抑制剂/治疗应用交叉研究荧光素/代谢青光眼开角型/药物疗法青光眼开角型/病理生理学眼内压眼动脉/诊断显像眼动脉/病理生理学眼药水/投药和剂量眼药水/治疗应用视网膜动脉/诊断显像视网膜动脉/病理生理学磺胺类/投药和剂量磺胺类/治疗应用噻吩类/投药和剂量噻吩类/治疗应用超声检查多普勒彩色成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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A randomized double-masked crossover study comparing latanoprost 0.005% with unoprostone 0.12% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2001年第5期131卷 636-642页

作者： Aung, T Chew, PTK Yip, CC Chan, YH See, JLS Khng, CC Hoh, ST Ng, LH Lee, HM Singapore Natl Eye Ctr Singapore Singapore Tan Tock Seng Hosp Singapore Singapore Natl Med Res Council Singapore Singapore

PURPOSE: To compare the intraocular pressure)-lowering effect and side effects of latanoprost 0.005% once daily with unoprostone 0.12% twice daily. METHODS: Sixty patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were randomized to receive either latanoprost once daily in the evening and placebo once daily in the morning, or unoprostone twice dairy in the morning and evening. The study was double masked and followed a crossover design with two treatment periods of 1 month separated by a 3-week washout period. The intraocular pressure was measured at g AM and 5 PM on the baseline and day 28 visits, and at 9 AM on day 2 and day 14 visits of each treatment period. The 9 AM measurement was taken 2 hours and 13 hours after the last drop of unoprostone and latanoprost, and the 5 PM measurement was at 10 and 21 hours, respectively, The mean of the measurements was calculated. Safety parameters were also recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients completed both treatment periods and had intraocular pressure data available for evaluation. After I month of treatment, latanoprost significantly reduced intraocular pressure (mean +/- SEM) by 6.1 +/- 0.5 mm Hg (P < .001) and unoprostone by 4.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (P < .001) adjusted from an overall baseline of 22.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg and 23.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, respectively, The difference of 1.9 mm Hg between treatments was statistically significant in favor of latanoprost [P =.003, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)]. Unadjusted analysis of responders using the percentage decrease in intraocular pressure showed that the proportion of responders in the latanoprost-treated group was greater than in the unoprostone-treated group. Adverse ocular symptoms and findings were mild in both treatment groups. Eye redness and ocular irritation were the most frequently reported events. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost once daily was significantly more effective in reducing intraocular pressure compared with unoprostone twice daily after I month of treatmen

关键词：抗高血压药/投药和剂量交叉研究地诺前列素/投药和剂量地诺前列素/类似物和衍生物双盲法药物评价青光眼开角型/药物疗法眼内压/药物作用高眼压/药物疗法眼药水前列腺素F类合成/投药和剂量治疗结果成年人老年人老年人 80以上女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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A 12 month, randomized, double masked study comparing latanoprost with timolol in pigmentary glaucoma

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OPHTHALMOLOGY 1999年第3期106卷 550-555页

作者： Mastropasqua, L Carpineto, P Ciancaglini, M Gallenga, PE Univ G DAnnunzio Inst Ophthalmol & Legal Med Chieti Italy

Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects and the effect on aqueous humor dynamics of 0.005% latanoprost applied topically once daily with 0.5% timolol given twice daily for 12 months to patients with pigmentary glaucoma. Design: Prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical study. Participants: Thirty-six patients affected with bilateral pigmentary glaucoma controlled with no more than a single hypotensive medication were enrolled in the study. Intervention: The sample population was randomly divided into 2 age- and gender-matched groups each of 18 patients. Group 1 received 0.005% latanoprost eyedrops once daily and the vehicle (placebo) once daily;group 2 was assigned to timolol 0.5% eyedrops twice daily. Main Outcome Measures: Diurnal curves of intraocular pressure (IOP) were performed on the baseline day and after 0.5, 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. The IOP measurements were performed at 8:00 AM, 12:00 noon, 4:00 PM, and 8:00 PM. Outflow facility ("C") was measured on the baseline day and on the last day of the study with a Schiotz electronic tonometer. A two-tailed Student's t test for paired or unpaired data was used for statistical evaluation of differences between treatment and baseline values or between the latanoprost and timolol group. Diurnal IOP measurements were compared hour by hour. Mean values of the two eyes IOP and "C" were used for analysis. Results: Compared with baseline measurements, both latanoprost and timolol caused a significant (P < 0.001) reduction of IOP at each hour of diurnal curve throughout the duration of therapy. Reduction of IOP was 6.0 +/- 4.5 and 5.9 +/- 4.6 with latanoprost and 4.8 +/- 3.0 and 4.6 +/- 3.1 with timolol after 6 and 12 months, respectively. Comparison of mean diurnal measurements with latanoprost and timolol showed a statistical significant (P < 0.001) difference at 3, 6, and 12 months. Mean "C" was found to be significantly enhanced (+30%) only in the latanoprost-treated group compared with the

关键词：投药局部眼房水/分泌双盲法用药计划表青光眼开角型/药物疗法青光眼开角型/代谢心率/药物作用眼内压/药物作用虹膜疾病/化学诱导眼药水/治疗应用色素沉着异常/化学诱导前瞻性研究前列腺素F类合成/治疗应用噻吗洛尔/治疗应用成年人女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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A double-masked randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of unoprostone with timolol and betaxolol in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma including pseudoexfoliation glaucoma or ocular hypertension. 6 month data

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2002年第1期133卷 1-10页

作者： Nordmann, JP Mertz, B Yannoulis, NC Schwenninger, C Kapik, B Shams, N Novartis Ophthalm Inc Duluth GA 30097 USA Hop Natl Ophthalmol Quinze Vingts Paris France Novartis Ophthalm AG Bulach Switzerland

PURPOSE: A long-term comparison of the ocular hypo, tensive efficacy and safety of unoprostone isopropyl 0.15% twice daily with that of timolol maleate 0.5% twice daily and betaxolol HCl 0.5% twice daily. DESIGN: This was a randomized, multicenter, double, masked, active-controlled 24 month clinical trial involve ing 27 centers in Europe and Israel. METHODS: The study population was composed of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (including pseudoexfoliation) or ocular hypertension. After washout of antiglaucoma medications, intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 0, + 2, + 8, and + 12 hours. Patients were randomized in a 2:1:1 ratio to unoprostone, timolol, or betaxolol. Patients returned for exami, nations at 2 and 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: 556 patients were randomized. Each drug produced a clinically and statistically (P <.001) significant reduction from baseline in 12-hour diurnal IOP at month 6 (- 4.3 mm Hg, unoprostone;- 5.8 mm Hg, timolol;- 4.9 mm Hg, betaxotol). Differences in ad, justed treatment means between unoprostone and timolol and unoprostone and betaxolol were 1.57 mm Hg (95% CI: 1.00, 2.13) and 0.53 mm Hg (95% CI: - 0.03, 1.09), respectively. Unoprostone was clinically equivalent to betaxolol but did not have as great an IOP-lowering effect as timolol. Discontinued for inadequate control of IOP were 7%, 1%, and 4% of the patients for unoprostone, timolol, and betaxolol, respectively. There were no changes of note in visual acuity, pupil size, cup,to,disk ratio, visual fields, or iris color. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure were small, with no clinically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Unoprostone provided a clinically sig- nificant IOP-lowering effect equivalent to betaxolol but not to timolol. The side effect profile of unoprostone appears to be comparable to other established IOP lowering agents.

关键词：肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/投药和剂量肾上腺素能β受体拮抗剂/治疗应用抗高血压药/投药和剂量抗高血压药/治疗应用倍他洛尔/投药和剂量倍他洛尔/治疗应用地诺前列素/投药和剂量地诺前列素/类似物和衍生物地诺前列素/治疗应用双盲法虹膜色素剥脱综合征/药物疗法青光眼开角型/药物疗法血流动力学/药物作用眼内压/药物作用高眼压/药物疗法眼药水瞳孔/药物作用安全噻吗洛尔/投药和剂量噻吗洛尔/治疗应用视敏度/药物作用视野/药物作用女(雌)性人类男(雄)性中年人

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